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Biomedical subjects

S Bianco

Publications and source records attributed to S Bianco.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prevention of fog-induced bronchospasm by Duovent and its components (fenoterol, ipratropium bromide) in asthmatics.

16 hyperreactive asthmatics were challenged with an ultrasonic mist of H2O at the same time of day on 4 usually consecutive days 2 h after premedication with placebo, fenoterol (200 micrograms), ipratropium bromide (80 micrograms) and Duovent (fenoterol 200 micrograms + ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms), given in random order and double-blind conditions. The challenge test consisted of 3 exposures of 30, 60 and 120 s with 4-min intervals. Specific airway resistance (sRaw) was measured under basal conditions and 1, 2 and 3 min after each exposure. FEV1 was measured under basal conditions and immediately after the last sRaw measurement. Fenoterol afforded a good protection; ipratropium bromide alone was ineffective but enhanced the protective effect of fenoterol when the two drugs were given in combination (Duovent). A similar effect was also observed after a second challenge performed 1 h (9 patients) or 3 h (6 patients) after the first one, which was performed 2 h after premedication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of fog-induced bronchospasm by high doses of ipratropium bromide in asthmatics.

In 12 adult asymptomatic, relatively stable adult asthmatics the protective effect of 3 doses (200, 1,000 and 2,000 micrograms) of ipratropium bromide against bronchospasm induced by an ultrasonic mist of distilled water was functionally (sRaw, FEV1) assessed. Ipratropium bromide and placebo were administered as an inhalation powder via a special inhaler in random order and under double-blind conditions at the same time on 4 usually consecutive days 90 min prior to the challenge. A considerable protective effect (clearly inferior, in any case, to that previously observed by us with fenoterol) was demonstrated (% protection approximately equal to 50) without any striking difference among the 3 doses. Mouth dryness (dose-related) was the sole complaint in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Echotomography in Crohn disease].

The authors report their experience in 40 patients with intestinal Crohn's disease, who underwent both abdominal ultrasound scanning and double-contrast small bowel enema. The various echographic patterns are described, found in the different phases during the evolution of Crohn's disease, underlying the importance of ultrasound in evaluating the real degree of bowel wall thickening and the exo-enteral space, only indirectly appreciated with X-ray examination.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1985

Tolerance of carprofen in patients with asthma caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Eight asthmatics with respiratory intolerance to NSAIDs and two subjects (one asthmatic, one healthy) only sensitive (asthma) to pyrazolone drugs were challenged under single-blind conditions with a new NSAID, carprofen. No adverse effects were observed in patients sensitive to pyrazolones. Among the other patients, only three developed considerable bronchial obstruction which was rapidly reversed by inhalation of a beta 2-stimulant (fenoterol: 2 puffs). Two subjects developed nasal obstruction with rhinorrhoea: in conjunction with bronchoconstriction in one patient and alone in the other. In conclusion, acute administration of carprofen in patients with respiratory intolerance to NSAIDs, in contrast to most other NSAIDs, never creates a situation of real danger even though in some patients it may considerably increase nasal and bronchial resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Drug effect on bronchial response to PGF2 alpha and water inhalation.

A new method of challenge with H2O is described after summarizing the results of previous studies concerning the pharmacological prevention of bronchoconstriction induced by PGF2 alpha and by ultrasonic mist of distilled water (H2O). This provides a simple, rapid and reproducible way of obtaining linear dose-response curves by plotting times of exposures against absolute or percent increases in sRaw. The preventive activity of several drugs against this type of bronchospasm has been tested. Beta 2-stimulants (fenoterol) were the most effective, both in terms of intensity and duration of action (more than 6 hours). DSCG, tiaramide and nifedipine were also efficient. Oxitropium bromide was almost ineffective, in spite of the comparatively high doses used. The H1 and H2 antihistamines chlorpheniramine and ranitidine were ineffective. The possible implications of these results are discussed, mainly in order to try to understand the mechanism of H2O bronchospasms, for which airways cooling does not seem at work.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1980

dl-9a-Deoxy-9a-methylene-PGI2 (a stable prostacyclin derivative): preliminary pharmacological data.

Carboprostacyclin (dl-9a-deoxy-9a-methylene-PGI2), a new stable PGI2-analogue, has been studied in vitro and in vivo. This analogue relaxes bovine coronary artery (potency ratio to PGI2 = 0.17), inhibits human PRP aggregation induced by ADP (IC50 = 12.5 nM2), deaggregates platelet clumps in cat heparinized blood (ED50 = 10.4 microgram/kg) and raises cAMP content in human PRP, but is less potent than PGI2. It is less potent (about 30 times) than PGI2 in lowering blood pressure in anaesthetized rats, inhibits basal gastric secretion in the rat and is 8 and 6 times less potent than PGE2 in protecting rat gastric mucosa from the lesions induced by stress and ASA, respectively, and about half as potent as PGE2 in protecting intestinal mucosa from damage by indomethacin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The decay of thoracic gas volume during forced expiration.

The MEFV curve has been analysed for the mechanical time constant distribution through the lungs, and it has been transformed into the forced decay of the thoracic gas volume (FVtD). The best regression formula to express the FVtD was the exponential in respect to the linear one, and this difference was statistically significant only in asthmatic patients. It seems likely that the FVtD will prove to be useful for detecting, already in the simple routine functional investigation, the airways obstruction due to asthma as interlobular inhomogeneity of ventilation.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

Non-specific broncho-reactivity obtained with an ultrasonic aerosol of distilled water.

A mist of distilled water obtained by means of powerful high density ultrasonic device has been used as nonspecific challenge test for assessing bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatics. It looks an easier and/or more physiologic stimulation when compared with the nebulisation of other substances such as histamine, acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol, citric acid, prostaglandins. Furthermore, this test shows good correspondence to the history of fog-induced asthma. In ten normal subjects the ultrasonic mist of H2O doesn't produce any functional change, while in thirteen asthmatic patients it results in a clear-cut bronchoconstriction, with a maximal evidence within 10 minutes and a subsequent decrease up to 30 minutes. Premedication with propranolol doesn't change the negativity of the test in normal subjects. Ultrasonic mist of saline doesn't determine any remarkable bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. In forty asthmatics a trial has been then carried out on prevention of water-induced bronchoconstriction by different pharmacologic means. Ipratropium fails to protect significantly the patients, while Disodium-cromoglycate, Salbutamol and prostaglandins E reduce significantly the entity of the so induced bronchospasm. These observations support the hypothesis of a mast cell mediated mechanism and disprove the vagal contribution to this type of bronchial challenge.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of prostacyclin on aspecifically and specifically induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.

The efficacy of prostacyclin in preventing aspecifically and specifically induced bronchoconstriction was evaluated in a single-blind cross-over study in 3 groups of asthmatic patients. Prostacyclin was given by inhalation in doses of 250 microgram in women and 500 microgram in men. Ultrasonic mist of H2O (group 1), physical exercise on cycloergometer (group 2) and pneumoallergens (group 3) were used as bronchial stimulant agents. Prostacyclin gave a very good protection in the first 2 groups, but was ineffective in the third. An increase in heart rate was observed immediately after the inhalation of prostacyclin: this effect was particularly evident in women in whom a significant decrease in diastolic pressure was noted too.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative evaluation of the respiratory function and the acid-base equilibrium in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease after intravenous administration of 5 beta receptor agonists].

The Authors studied lung mechanics, acid-base balance parameters, arterial blood pressure and pulse rate in five different groups of chronic obstructive lung disease patients, undergoing e.v. different bronchodilators. The drug were: 1. group: 500 gamma of orciprenalina; 2. group: 500 gamma of idrossi-fenil-orciprenalina; 3. group: 200 gamma of salbutamolo; 4. group: 100 gamma of trimetochinolo; 5. group: 500 gamma of terbutalina. The comparative analysis of bronchodilators, their cardiovascular effects and on acid-base balance indicate that mainly salbutamol and trimetochinol have negligeable adverse effects.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Effect of prostacyclin on antigen induced immediate bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.

The effect of premedication with inhaled prostacyclin (PGI2) on the allergen induced immediate bronchoconstriction was investigated in 10 asthmatic patients, under single blind conditions, by means of a body plethysmograph. Statistical analysis (Dunnett's test) did not show any significant difference between PGI2 and placebo. The possible meaning of these results is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bronchodilator activity in vivo and in vitro of four 13,14-didehydro-PGE2 analogues.

The bronchodilator activity of four analogues of PGE2: 13,14-didehydro-PGE2 (I), 20-methyl-13,14-didehydro-PGE2 (II), 16 S-methyl-13,14-didehydro-PGE2 (III) and 16 R-methyl-13,14-didehydro-PGE2 (IV) was studied in vivo and in vitro. The potency of III and IV when administered by aerosol to conscious guinea pigs was four times that of PGE2 in protecting against histamine-induced convulsion; I and II were less active. Compound III administered by aerosol to anaesthetized guinea pigs was six times more potent than PGE2 in protecting against i.v. histamine-induced increase of intractracheal pressure and the effect was longer-lasting. All the compounds caused relaxation of carbachol-induced tone in isolated guinea pig tracheal strips.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of artifically-induced asthma by reproterol ('Bronchospasmin').

A study was carried out in 25 patients with asthma caused by exposure to occupational antigens to investigate the effectiveness of reproterol in protecting and terminating the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled antigens. The results of lung function tests showed that the immediate reactions to the provocation test could be reversed by reproterol given either at the time of the reaction or shortly before challenge.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tolerance of guaiacolic ester of acetylsalicylic acid by patients with aspirin-asthma.

The effects of oral administration of the guaiacolic ester of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA-G) on the ventilatory function were studied by means of a body plethysmograph, in a group of nine ASA-asthmatic patients. No differences in specific airway resistance were observed between ASA-G and placebo. It is concluded that ASA-G is tolerated by patients with ASA-induced asthma.

Airway Resistance↗