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Biomedical subjects

S Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to S Bhatia.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Downstream insertion of the adenovirus tripartite leader sequence enhances expression in universal eukaryotic vectors.

A series of universal eukaryotic gene expression vectors was constructed. All vectors contain a viral promoter and enhancer, a polylinker for insertion of the gene of interest and a polyadenylation sequence. To enhance translation, we inserted the tripartite leader sequence of an adenovirus downstream of the promoter. Using the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene as a marker, we show that the strength of various promoters/enhancers in different cell lines differed by two orders of magnitude. The presence of the tripartite leader increased the efficiency of gene expression up to 18-fold. The level of increase is promoter specific and is most likely influenced by additional sequences flanking the tripartite leader sequence.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1992

Vasodilatory effects of adenosine A2 receptor agonists CGS 21680 and CGS 22492 in human vasculature.

The vasodilatory effects of the adenosine analogs, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethyl amino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680) and 2-[(2-cyclohexylethyl)amino]adenosine (CGS 22492) in human coronary, internal mammary artery and saphenous vein were examined in vitro. All produced concentration-dependent relaxations in arterial as well as venous rings contracted with 35 mM KCl. The concentration-response curves for NECA and CGS 21680 were parallel in the coronary. The adenosine A2 receptor antagonist, 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine (CGS 15943A) significantly attenuated the relaxing response to the adenosine analogs in coronary artery. Although NECA and CGS 22492 were equally as effective at the highest concentration administered (both achieving approximately 70% relaxation at 10(-4) M) NECA (EC50 = 1.25 +/- 0.11 microM) induced greater vasodilation at lower concentrations than CGS 22492 (EC50 = 11.27 +/- 1.53 microM). CGS 21680 was the least potent of the agents tested achieving only 44% relaxation at 10(-4) M (EC50 = 4.71 +/- 0.46 microM). Coronary artery appeared to be more responsive than internal mammary artery or saphenous vein which displayed only marginal relaxation to these agents.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

Giant lumbosacral nerve sheath tumors.

Cauda equina nerve sheath tumors are usually small, well-encapsulated tumors. Sometimes they may attain very large proportions, cause extensive bony changes, and resemble ependymomas in the cauda equina. They may also infiltrate into adjacent soft tissue planes and retroperitoneal spaces and yet be histologically benign. An awareness of this entity ensures aggressive surgical removal at the time of exploration. Primary neuro-fibrosarcomas or malignant changes in primary nerve sheath tumors of the cauda equina are seen in patients with neurofibromatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Craniospinal intradural arachnoid cyst.

A patient with an uncommonly situated congenital intradural arachnoid cyst is reported. The cyst extended from the cervical spinal canal into the posterior cranial fossa and was posterolateral to the spinal cord. The patient's initial complaint was urinary hesitancy. The location of the cyst is unique and the presenting complaint rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Stability of transient, semirigid pin fixation of sagittal split mandibular osteotomies.

Cephalometric records of 16 patients who underwent mandibular lengthening, stabilized with noncompressive pin fixation, were examined retrospectively. Digitization and computer analyses of the cephalometric changes for various time intervals were performed. All linear changes were stable for 13 of the 16 patients over the follow-up period of 2 years. No significant correlation was found between postoperative horizontal relapse and amount of advancement. A high degree of postfixation stability was obtained with very short fixation periods. While further study of this pin fixation technique is indicated, these preliminary results are favorable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Correlation of microproteinuria and histopathological changes in kidney in diabetes mellitus.

Single attempt kidney biopsy was successful in 60 cases of diabetes mellitus out of 83. Histopathological evidence of nephropathy was found in 30 (50%) out of 60 (4 of IDDM and 56 of NIDDM). Microproteinuria was a sensitive indicator of histopathological evidence of nephropathy (by biopsy) and should be used as a non invasive method of evidence of kidney involvement in diabetes mellitus regardless of duration of the disease. Routine renal function tests--commonly used indicators of kidney disease in the presence of hypertension were of no value and should not be relied upon. Duration of diabetes mellitus was important correlation with the evidence of the disease and and its severity but nephropathy was found in newly detected cases of diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Nephropathy was present in case of DM who had retinopathy and is a better factor of correlation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Congenital heart disease in Down syndrome: an echocardiographic study.

We evaluated the utility of echocardiography in assessing the frequency and nature of cardiac malformations in children with Down syndrome. Fifty cases of chromosomally proven Down syndrome were studied. A physical examination, electro cardiogram, radiograph of chest and two-dimensional echocardiography was performed on all patients. Twenty-two (44%) children had heart diseases. Endocardial-cushion-defect was the commonest anomaly, followed by ventricular septal defect. Three children with heart disease were asymptomatic and had normal X-ray films of chest and ECGs. The prevalence and specific type of congenital heart disease in this study is comparable to the studies using invasive means for diagnosis. The study further suggests that clinical examination of the cardiovascular system alone may not be sufficient in detecting heart disease. Two-dimensional echocardiography offers an excellent non-invasive tool for diagnosing cardiac malformations in Down syndrome.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Taste impairment for glucose in diabetic PTC tasters and non-tasters.

Effect of high blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus was studied on gustatory responses to glucose in PTC tasters and non-tasters, before and after the ingestion of a glucose solution. After a 12-h overnight fast, prescreening for phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) sensitivity was done in each subject, and then each subject tasted, and rated, 7 concentrations of glucose solutions for intensity and hedonic responses. Blood glucose levels were also determined under fasting and then after a 100-g glucose load. A decrease in palatability of the glucose solutions induced by the glucose load (negative alliaesthesia) was evident in both groups of subjects. Tasters showed higher hedonic ratings (Mean 4-25), as compared to non-tasters (Mean 3-70) and this difference was more evident after the glucose load in non-tasters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Taste sensitivity in pregnancy.

Taste sensitivity to Phenyl-thio-Carbamide (PTC) and glucose were studied in 150 females during the 3 trimesters of their pregnancy periods. The taste sensitivity to PTC was determined by Harris and Kalmus method. For taste intensity and hedonic evaluation, 7 concentrations of glucose solutions were used. Taste sensitivity to both PTC and glucose increases during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. In comparison to non-pregnant females (from previous study) taste thresholds and hedonics decreases in pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Taste disorder in hypo and hyperthyroidism.

Gustatory responses to the basic taste substances (sweet, salty, sour and bitter) were studied in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid subjects. The intensity and hedonic responses were evaluated using "category scaling" for 7 concentrations of glucose, sodium chloride, citric acid and quinine sulphate. The intensity and hedonic values decrease in hyperthyroidism for salt and bitter solution, and sourness is perceived as more unpleasant. In hypothyroid subjects intensity and hedonic value decreases for sweetness, the pleasant responses to salt and bitter increase, though intensity perception decreases for bitter solutions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Visual evoked potential responses in pregnant women.

Sensory functions and their electrophysiological correlates have not been adequately documented during pregnancy. The present study reports visual evoked potential responses to pattern reversal (VEP-P) in ten third trimester pregnant women and changes in latency of NPN complex when compared with these responses in the non pregnant state. Visual evoked potentials were recorded from O1-A1 and O2-A2 scalp areas, using Ag/Agcl disc electrodes to transient pattern of black and white checkerboard with 32' size and reversal rate 1Hz. Two trials of VEP-P responses to 256 transient pattern stimuli given to each eye, were analysed and averaged by the computer of visual evoked potential recorder (MEB 5200 Nihon Kohden Japan). The latencies of various positive and negative waves, along with P1 amplitude, obtained in pregnant women, were compared with those obtained in ten non-pregnant women. The latencies of initial NPN complex (N1P1 & N2) were significantly reduced in pregnant women, indicating that pregnancy facilitates conduction process in the optic pathways.

Adult↗