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Biomedical subjects

S Bhargava

Publications and source records attributed to S Bhargava.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Peripheral and renal vein renin activity in patients with renovascular hypertension due to nonspecific aortoarteritis.

The diagnostic utility of peripheral and renal vein renin estimations in relation to angiographic findings was evaluated in 13 patients with renovascular hypertension and non-specific aortoarteritis (NSAA, Gr I), in comparison with 10 patients with renal artery stenosis due to other causes (Gr II). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were collected after angiography from the femoral vein and renal vein on the affected side followed by sampling from the less affected or unaffected side. Renal vein renin ratio (RVRR) was calculated from renal vein renin values. The effect of captopril (25 mg oral) on blood pressure, PRA, and RVRR was examined in 8 patients from each group. Normotensive volunteers (8) with moderately low salt intake were also included in the study for comparison of twenty-four-hour urinary sodium output, peripheral PRA, and response to captopril. The mean peripheral PRA was high in both groups as compared with normotensive controls; however, the values were lower in patients with NSAA. The rise in PRA in response to captopril was insignificant in Gr I (p greater than 0.05) and RVRR greater than 1.5 was observed in 5 of 13 patients in contrast to 9 of 10 in Gr II (p less than 0.05). A paradoxical ratio, ie, (high renal vein renin levels on the less stenotic side) was noticed in 3 patients of Gr I, whereas none of the patients of GR II showed such a ratio. An improvement in RVRR after captopril was observed in 50% of patients of Gr I as compared with a marked response in all patients of Gr II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Bony ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint: a computed tomography study.

Bony ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a disabling disease that almost invariably manifests itself in the first two decades of life. CT of the temporomandibular joints was performed in 50 patients--axial CT in 2 and coronal CT in 48--of whom 43 (86%) had received trauma to the joints. New bone of variable form and thickness was observed in 64 joints (the involvement was bilateral in 14 patients). These joints were classified into one of two categories: type I, medially angulated condyle with deformed articular fossa and a mild-to-moderate amount of new bone formation; and type II, no recognizable condyle or fossa but instead a large mass of new bone. Type I was etiology-specific and seen only when trauma was the antecedent, whereas type II was a sequelae of either insult. A pseudofracture in the new bone was seen in 49 (77%) joints. Six joints showed subtle deformities but no new bone. Since coronal CT fully characterizes the lesion at acceptable radiation exposure levels, it appears to be valuable in the preoperative workup of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

tRNA genes in mycobacteria: organization and molecular cloning.

DNAs from nine mycobacteria cleaved with restriction endonucleases were hybridized with cDNA probes synthesized to tRNAs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The tRNA genes are conserved, but their gross genomic organization has diverged in six of the nine species examined. Organisms of the M. tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv-M. bovis BCG complex appeared to have identical tRNA gene organization and were indistinguishable from each other. M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis tRNA-derived cDNA probes hybridized differentially to tRNA-coding DNA segments in five of the species examined, suggesting the existence of qualitatively different tRNA pools in these slow- and fast-growing species. Mycobacterial DNAs hybridized with cDNA synthesized to 23S plus 16S rRNAs from Escherichia coli, and the data suggested that the tRNA genes map close to the rRNA genes. A gene bank of M. tuberculosis H37Rv DNA was constructed, and a recombinant plasmid, pSB2, coding for tRNA(s) and rRNA(s) was partially characterized. Plasmid pSB2 recognized a SalI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra; however, the RFLP is not linked to the tRNA-coding region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an RFLP which distinguishes the pathogenic strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv from its avirulent derivative H37Ra.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

Transfer RNA genes in mycobacteria: organization and molecular cloning.

DNAs from nine mycobacterial species were cleaved with different restriction endonucleases and hybridized with cDNA probes synthesized to total transfer RNAs (tRNAs) from Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis. The hybridization data indicate that tRNA genes are conserved but their gross genomic organization has diverged in six of the nine species examined. Species of the MTB complex appeared to have identical tRNA gene organization. Hybridization with cDNAs synthesized to 23S plus 16S rRNAs from Escherichia coli indicate that the tRNA genes map near the rRNA genes. Recombinant plasmids, pSB1, pSB2, pSB4 and pSB8 encoding tRNA(s) and rRNA(s) were isolated from a gene bank of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Using pSB2 as probe, a SalI RFLP was observed that distinguishes the virulent and avirulent strains of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra, respectively.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1989

Lymphnode infarction and lymphoma.

Lymphnode infarction is seen in two sets of situations viz. spontaneous banal infarction of non-neoplastic nodes, and in association with lymphoma. It needs to be differentiated from other causes of lymphnode as a phenomenon occurring synchronous with and occasionally preceding diagnosis of lymphoma is significant.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage.

Twenty-one patients with spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) were reviewed with particular reference to the clinical outcome. Based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) findings, as well as possible mechanisms governing the formation of IVH, we were able to identify two separate groups: patients with haemorrhage into ventricles without clinical or CT evidence of a lesion in adjacent brain parenchyma and patients with IVH occurring as a result of erosion of the ventricular wall by either a juxtaventricular small haematoma shown by CT and/or IVH with focal neurological deficit. Out of 12 patients in the first group, 8 survived and resumed their previous activities; in the second group (i.e. patients with clinical and/or CT evidence of adjacent intraparenchymal bleeding only three patients survived, two with considerable handicap. The overall prognosis, however, was significantly better in patients with IVH of unknown cause. Altered sensorium as an initial presentation was associated with a grave prognosis, irrespective of the cause of IVH. The outcome was not affected by the age of patient or the amount of blood within the ventricles. Our data suggest a favourable outcome in a relatively large percentage of patients with spontaneous IVH, if there is no clinical or CT evidence of concomitant parenchymal bleeding. Hence we question the notion that there is a grave prognosis in all kinds of IVH.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bladder hemangioma: ultrasonographic demonstration.

We report a child with bladder hemangioma, which is a very rare benign vascular tumor. Postvoid excretory urography and ultrasound of the bladder demonstrated the lesions. The merits and demerits of various imaging modalities and the possible role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Neurocysticercosis in childhood.

Manifestations of cysticercosis in 11 children (mean age 9.5 years) are presented. Features of raised intracranial pressure dominated the clinical picture (10 cases), followed by seizures (7 cases). Subretinal cysts occurred in three children. Focal signs were infrequent and often not attributable to anatomical lesions. Electro-encephalograms were invariably abnormal, but did not help to localize lesions. Plain roentgenograms of the skull showed sutural diastasis in the majority. Computerized tomography revealed white matter oedema with throttled ventricles in 6 patients and single localized lesions in 3 others. None had hydrocephalus. Histopathology and indirect haemagglutination test aided diagnosis in 6 cases. Two children recovered completely, one after surgical excision of a parietal lobe cyst and the other following praziquantel therapy. Half of the remaining patients improved spontaneously.

Adolescent↗