Fertility regulation is taught didactically in 82 of 94 medical school departments of obstetrics and gynecology in the United States and Canada, but students are given clinical experience in only 59 medical schools, according to a survey conducted in 1964 by a committee of the American Public Health Association. Legal prohibitions impeded teaching in 1964 in two States and in all of Canada. Nearly all schools teach that help with fertility regulation should be offered for medical and socioeconomic stress, and most teach that it should be offered routinely in premarital counselling and in the postpartum period, but only two-thirds teach that this help should be given to unmarried adults and only one-third teach that any person requesting help with fertility regulation should receive it.

Canada↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Mobility of patients with coxarthrosis].

The common methods of evaluating walking capacity of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip reported in literature are all inaccurate and are based on symptoms. It has been proved, that these informations are to uncertain and therefore have to be replaced by objective criterias. A method of assessment was developed which can easily be applied in clinical routine without great apparative means. With a pedometer and a stopwatch the time can be measured which the patient needs to pass a distance of 30 meters as quick as possible (MAX 30). Similarly the maximal walking distance (MAX DIST) is evaluated as well as the average walking distance (MEDIAN). It could be shown, that walking capacity is not dependent on the amount of degenerative changes, duration of hip disease and hip motion. Walking capacity is negatively influenced by pain, muscle atrophy and lack of training. Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip are able to walk on average 3 km without interruption, thereby they develop a speed of 4 km/h on average. So they are not much slower than healthy subjects. The two must important aims of conservative treatment of hip disease must be alleviation of pain and improvement of muscular strength. Main indication criterium for hip replacement is walking capacity, not the radiological assessed amount of degenerative changes.

Adult↗