Biomedical subjects

S Bernstein

Publications and source records attributed to S Bernstein.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

The effect of situational contingencies on female retaliative behavior.

Most studies that have found sex differences in aggression have reported that males are more aggressive than females. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the expectation of female nonaggressiveness may be unwarranted. The present study attempted to reconcile these differences by considering the contingencies of female aggression. Thirty females competed in a task designed to measure aggression (a) alone, (b) in the presence of a silent observer, or (c) in the presence of a supportive observer. Results indicated that as provocation increased, women in the private condition responded more aggressively than did women in the public condition. Also, women who responded in the presence of an audience were more aggressive when the observer was supportive than when she was silent. It is concluded that the usual findings of female nonaggressiveness may be attributable to women's expectations of disapproval for aggressive behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Absence of inductive effect of hyperoxia on superoxide dismutase activity in rat alveolar macrophages.

Mammalian cells may be protected from damage by hyperoxia through the induction of enzymes that reduce destructive oxygen-free radicals. One such enzyme is superoxide dismutase, which reduces superoxide to form hydrogen peroxide and O2. We studied the concentration of this enzyme in rat alveolar macrophages exposed to 85 to 90 per cent O2 in vitro for as long as 6 days and in macrophages obtained from rats exposed to 85 to 97 per cent O2 in vivo for as long as 7 days. In no case was there an increase in superoxide dismutase in rat alveolar macrophages, despite a doubling of superoxide dismutase in whole lungs of rats exposed to 85 to 90 per cent O2 for 7 days in vivo. We concluded that the macrophage of the adult rat does not defent itself against hyperoxia by the induction of superoxide dismutase and does not participate in the increased superoxide dismutase activity of lungs of these animals exposed to hyperoxia.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Surgical treatment of Candida endocarditis.

Case reports from a group of 15 patients with Candida endocarditis seen and treated at the Los Angeles-University of Southern California Medical Center between 1960 and 1974, together with a survey of other reported cases, serve to re-emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of this disease and lead to certain conclusions regarding its treatment. With medical or surgical treatment alone, the mortality for Candida endocarditis is 82 per cent. With surgery and medical treatment combined, the mortality is 20 percent. It is important to institute medical treatment as soon as diagnosis of Candida endocarditis is made and surgery must be performed as soon as possible, preferably within 24 to 48 hours or, at most, a few days after the patient has left the hospital. Close observation of the patient after discharge is important.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Optometric manpower resources--1973. Part II.

The Optometric Manpower Resources Project, funded under government contract since June of 1971, has completed its 1973 national census of licensed optometric manpower in the United States. The first article in this series of three reported on the distribution of optometrists by census region and the current ratio of practicing optometrists to civilian population. This second article reports on the principal forms of employment of active optometrists, the distribution of number of years in practice and practice size. The data indicate that there has been a shift away from self-employment (88% in 1968, 77% in 1973) into more varied forms of salaried employment, especially among those in practice fewer than ten years. Practice size is shown to peak at between fifteen and twenty-four years in practice with a median of approximately 5,400 patients.

Female↗

PubMed1975

Optometric manpower resources--1973. Part III.

The Optometric Manpower Resources Project, funded under government contract since June of 1971, has completed its 1973 national census of licensed optometric manpower in the United States. The first article in this series of three reported on the distribution of optometrists by census region and the current ratios of practicing optometrists to civilian population. The second article reported on the principal forms of employment of active optometrists, the number of years in practice and practice size. This third article reports on the age and sex distributions of licensed optometrists, their racial/ethnic composition, their pattern of specialization, and the schools/colleges of optometry from which they graduated. The data indicate that almost 50% of active optometrists were over 50 years of age. Approximately 90% of male optometrists and only 58.5% of female optometrists were active. The data also indicate that one-third of all optometrists active in 1973 graduated from four schools/colleges of optometry.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1974