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Biomedical subjects

S Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to S Bernard.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface enhanced Raman scattering of a lipid Langmuir monolayer at the air-water interface.

Surface enhanced Raman spectra were recorded from a phospholipid monolayer directly at the air-water interface. We used an organized monolayer of negatively charged tetramyristoyl cardiolipins as a template for the electrochemical generation of silver deposits. This two-dimensional electrodeposition of silver under potentiostatic control was the substrate for enhancement of Raman spectra. We report the optimized conditions for the Raman enhancement, the microscopic observations of the deposits, and their characterization by atomic force microscopy. Laser excitation at 514.5 nm leads to intense and reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering spectra recorded in situ from one monolayer of cardiolipin, using 0.5 mol % of 10N nonyl acridine orange or 5 mol % of acridine in the film, and demonstrates the possibility of estimating the pH at the metal/phospholipidic film interface.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus: surface antigens induced by virulent and attenuated strains.

Three strains of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) possessing different degrees of pathogenicity for piglets were examined for their capacity to express M and S glycoproteins on the infected cell surface using a microwell immunoperoxidase test. These two viral glycoproteins were easily detected on the plasma membrane of 0.1% paraformaldehyde-fixed swine testis (ST) or pig kidney (RP.D) cells which were infected with high-passaged Purdue-115 and low-passaged D-52 strains and a high-passaged attenuated (188-SG) mutant of TGEV. No significant differences were found between attenuated and virulent strains with regard to the viral antigen expression on the membrane of infected cells over a 14-h period.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An examination of nursing attitudes and pain management practices.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this evaluation is to examine the relationship among nurses' pain management attitudes and pain management practices and to begin to explore the theoretical underpinnings that may influence this relationship. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: A convenience sample of 29 female registered nurses working in hospice or home health settings participated in an educational program 1 day per week for 6 weeks. All participants were asked to complete the Cancer Pain Knowledge Inventory and Survey of Expectations and Pain Assessment Questionnaire 5 weeks before, immediately before, immediately after, 6 months after, and 12 months after the program. Seventeen participants completed all questionnaires at the 6-month follow-up; 16 participants completed all questionnaires at the 1-year follow-up. Personal beliefs about pain were evaluated in relation to the dimensions and treatment of pain. Intentions and expectations to perform specific activities were evaluated in relation to in-depth assessments, equianalgesic conversions, demonstration of new ideas, and communication. RESULTS: Nurses' attitudes, beliefs, intentions, and expectations about pain and pain management influenced nurses' patient care and educational activities. Nurses who believed that patients should be pain free and nurses who focused on both the dimensions and treatment of pain implemented more pain management activities. In general, nurses who had high intentions and expectations performed more pain management activities. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Although nurses reported change in attitude, and high expectancy for change, feelings of increased credibility, and increased motivation as advocates for new approaches to practice, nurses sometimes found it difficult to implement new practices because of constraints in time and collaborative efforts. To implement new knowledge and achieve individualized goals for change, nurses must be allowed adequate time to analyze the relationships between their beliefs about pain and the ways that they solve patients' pain problems. In addition, more support for multidisciplinary collaboration is needed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychobiological consequences of two different weaning methods in sheep.

Weaning is associated with a break in the mother-infant contact. In sheep, under natural conditions, the rupture of the social bond is progressive. In contrast, weaning imposed by breeders may result in psychobiological disturbances. The aim of this experiment was to measure the behavioural, hormonal and immune consequences of two types of sudden weaning: total separation (TS) and partial separation (PS), in 42 Ile-de-France ewes and their 60 lambs. TS animals (lambs and ewes) vocalized less frequently and for a shorter period of time than did the PS animals. Neither the plasmatic cortisol level in lambs nor the humoral response of dams and young were modified by the two weaning methods. In contrast, the excretion of coccidial oocysts increased significantly after weaning in TS lambs only and the growth rate of TS females was lower than that of the other lambs. These results suggest that these methods of rupture of mother-young social contact have only limited negative consequences on both partners in sheep, contrary to primates and rodents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taste preferences for nutritional supplements: comparison of cancer patients and healthy controls using a wine-tasting scale.

Thirty-nine cancer patients (Ca) and 37 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (Co) evaluated 11 commercially available enteral supplements using a modified wine-tasting scale. The cancer patients were 19 males with lung cancer and 20 females with breast cancer, and their controls consisted of 17 males and 20 females, respectively. Mean evaluation scores for the individual supplements revealed no significant differences (NS) between lung cancer patients and controls. Ensure Plus (strawberry) received the highest score from both groups (Ca 16.0 +/- 3.0 vs Co 17.1 +/- 2.6, N.S.) while Vital received the lowest (Ca 6.3 +/- 4.8 vs Co 4.9 +/- 4.2, NS). Similar results were obtained for breast cancer patients and their controls except that chocolate Sustacal was rated significantly higher by breast cancer patients than by controls (16.6 +/- 2.6 vs 13.3 +/- 4.3, p less than 0.01). Again, Ensure Plus (strawberry) received the highest score from both groups (Ca 17.0 +/- 3.5 vs Co 17.8 +/- 2.3, NS), while Vital was rated lowest by both groups (Ca 5.6 +/- 4.7 vs Co 4.3 +/- 5.0, NS). The modified wine-tasting scale provides a method for quantitating taste preference for various dietary supplements. We report here the numerical rating of 11 supplements by patients with lung cancer and patients with breast cancer as well as their age- and sex-matched controls.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retroperfusion and balloon support to improve coronary revascularization.

Coronary venous retroperfusion and Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) support are methods currently utilized to reduce ischemic damage prior to revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium. This study was undertaken to determine whether combining coronary venous retroperfusion using Pressure Controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion (PICSO) with the IABP would result in improved salvage of ischemic myocardium. In 40 adult pigs, the second and third diagonal vessels were occluded with snares for 1 1/2 hours followed by 1/2 hours of cardioplegic arrest and 3 hours of reperfusion with the snares released. During the period of coronary occlusion prior to arrest, 10 pigs received the IABP, 10 had PICSO, 10 had PICSO+IABP, while 10 had no intervention (Unmodified). Ischemic damage was assessed by echocardiographic wall motion scores, myocardial pH, and the area of necrosis/area of risk using histochemical staining. Both PICSO and the IABP alone significantly reduced ischemic damage. However, the best wall motion scores, highest pH, and least necrosis was seen in the IABP+PICSO group. We conclude that the combination of coronary venous retroperfusion using PICSO and the IABP results in the most optimal recovery of acutely ischemic myocardium during emergent surgical revascularization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phosphorylcholine antigens from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. I.--Anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies in infected rats and location of phosphorylcholine antigens.

The anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibody synthesis was investigated in the rat after infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies were demonstrated from day 2 or 3 post-infection. Intestinal IgA-antibody synthesis began shortly after the worms reached the intestine. Antigens containing PC were located with the fluorescent antibody technique in L3 infective larvae, adult worms and eggs of the parasites. They were always found to internal structures such as intestinal tract or gonads. It seems, therefore, that the anti-PC antibody synthesis resulted from the release of PC antigens by the parasite (moulting fluids, excretion, secretion or breakage products).

Animals↗