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Biomedical subjects

S Berger

Publications and source records attributed to S Berger.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Immunotherapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia: survival not affected by treatment in the stable phase.

Thirty-one consecutive patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were treated in the chronic phase with immunotherapy in addition to chemotherapy. Immunotherapy consisted of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and allogeneic myeloblasts given by vaccination, and chemotherapy comprised busulfan p.o. in most patients. No randomly allocated control group was designated, but patient characteristics appear to be typical of those of other published groups. Twenty-eight of 31 patients were followed from diagnosis to death, and the three remaining patients were followed for over 5 years. The median survival of the patients in our group was 37 months. There was a constant rate of decline in survival with time, with a mean annual death rate of 30% per year. Twenty-five of the 31 patients terminated in blast crisis. One of 21 patients achieved complete remission in blast crisis of myeloid or indeterminate type, and three of four patients achieved complete remission for blast crisis of lymphoid type. The median survival, the rate of decline in survival, and the remission rate in blast crisis do not appear to differ from those of comparable groups of patients treated with chemotherapy alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of electrical resistance, bubble withdrawal, and stereotaxic method for cannulation of cerebral ventricles.

A comparison was made of three methods of lateral intraventricular (LV) cannulation in the rat brain. Rats in a control group (n = 8) were cannulated using traditional stereotaxic coordinates. In a second group (n = 8), electrical resistance was used to localize the ventricle and differentiate it from surrounding brain areas. In a third group (n = 8), a bubble withdrawal technique was employed where movement of a bubble in polyethylene tubing was monitored as the cannula was lowered in brain. All three methods produced accurate LV cannulation, but the electrical resistance technique was associated with optimal placement within the LV. Using the resistance procedure, greater access was obtained to posterior portions of the ventricular system. Also described is a novel stereotaxic cannula holder that may be used in the bubble withdrawal procedure or in obtaining acute samples of cerebrospinal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of FAO/WHO pesticide standards in relation to Polish and Honduran diets.

The FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission publishes a Guide to Codex Maximum Limits for Pesticide Residues (1978) which gives both acceptable daily intake (ADI) values and maximum residue limit (MRL) values for many pesticides in raw agricultural commodities (rac's) from crops on which their use is approved. ADI values are determined from animal toxicology data which given a no-observable-effect level (NOEL) and use of a safety factor. Specific MRL values are calculated from the ADI and a food factor (F), which is the decimal fraction of that rac in the assumed typical diet. One of the difficulties with this procedure is that dietary patterns differ substantially between countries. Whatever dietary pattern is assumed in calculation of the MRLs may be inappropriate for that country. Theoretical maximum residue intakes (TMRIs) were calculated from the Codex ADIs and MRLs using F values calculated from the national dietary patterns published separately in Poland and Honduras. The equation is TMRI = sigma MRLi X Fi X D, where D is the daily individual diet weight of rac's in kilograms for the particular country. The TMRI should be lower than the maximum permitted intake (MPI) calculated as MPI = ADI X 60, where the 60 is an arbitrary human body weight in kilograms. The TMRI exceeded the MPI for 16 of 33 pesticides used in Poland and for 10 of 20 used in Honduras. At the extreme, the Polish TMRI/MPI ratio for aldrin--dieldrin is 19.5 and 18.1 for fenithion; nine pesticides had ratios of 4.0 or higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cancer clusters: a myth or a method.

Historically, cluster reports have been considered to be only marginally productive and generally discouraged as statistical artifacts. This report presents the results of a three year study involving in excess of 100 cancer cluster reports. The majority of these investigations represented statistical events; there were, however, some exceptions. Several of these reports were the basis for larger and more productive studies. A survey of the types of reports received, their sources and outcomes is presented. Examples of productive and nonproductive studies are highlighted to indicate decision points for selecting the most promising reports. Investigators are encouraged to consider cancer cluster reports from lay individuals as well as from more authoritative sources (i.e., tumor registries, physicians, medical-social workers). Investigators are also urged to perform actual field investigations of those reports choosing statistically promising and/or provocative circumstances for the greatest likelihood of identifying new environmental risk factors for cancer.

Colonic Neoplasms↗