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Biomedical subjects

S Bergdahl

Publications and source records attributed to S Bergdahl.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Outpatient transurethral incision of the prostate under local anesthesia: operative results, patient security and cost effectiveness.

Thirty patients with small and medium-sized obstructive prostates were operated by transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure. All patients except one tolerated this manoeuvre without any complications or discomfort. The obstructive symptoms were relieved in all patients; however, 6 patients had lasting irritative symptoms, 2 of whom were cured after TURP. The costs of TUIP was calculated to be one sixth of that of TURP. During one year follow-up 5 patients were found to have prostate cancer despite careful rectal examination and PSA measurement preoperatively. In conclusion, TUIP may be carried out as safely and cost-effectively as an outpatient procedure and is beneficial in patients with predominantly obstructive symptoms. However, careful investigations concerning possible prostate cancer must be undertaken in this group of patients with small but symptomatic prostates.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Hirschsprung's disease: one year follow-up after modified Soave's operation.

At the Department of Paediatric surgery in Stockholm the choice of operative method for Hirschsprung's disease has since 1975 been endorectal pull-through. In 1985 some modifications were introduced, i.e. anal approach of the mucosal dissection, resection of the internal anal sphincter, total parenteral nutrition and fewer colostomies. Thirteen children treated accordingly have been compared to children treated before 1985. It was found that the children gained normal bowel habits earlier and had fewer postoperative problems than the children operated before introduction of the technical modifications.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1989

The outcome of neonatal septicemia during fifteen years.

The outcome of neonatal septicemia in 320 infants seen during 1969-83 has been evaluated. Mortality decreased from 27% to 12%. The incidence of moderate to severe handicaps in survivors remained unchanged at around 20%. Sixty percent of these handicapped children had meningitis or osteomyelitis, and many of these were healthy prior to onset. All handicapped infants without osteomyelitis or meningitis had several other risk factors that may have contributed to the final outcome.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of foscarnet and distribution to cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous infusion in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

To investigate the pharmacokinetics and effects of intravenous foscarnet, 13 relatively healthy male patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and a mean CD4+ lymphocyte value of 0.45 x 10(-9) cells per liter were given a continuous intravenous infusion of foscarnet (0.14 to 0.19 mg/kg per min) for 8 to 21 days. Blood and urine samples were taken during and after drug administration to monitor foscarnet concentrations. Lumbar puncture was performed during the infusion in five patients. The concentrations in plasma showed large variations both within and between patients. The disposition of foscarnet could be explained by a triexponential equation (t1/2 lambda 1, 0.40 to 2.52 h; t1/2 lambda 2, 3.20 to 16.7 h; t1/2 lambda 3, 36 to 196 h). Renal clearance accounted for most of the plasma clearance, the difference probably reflecting the passage of foscarnet into bone. Up to 20% of the cumulative dose may have been deposited in bone 7 days postinfusion. Foscarnet was distributed to the cerebrospinal fluid in a concentration varying from 13 to 68% of the simultaneous concentration in plasma. Polyuria and polydipsia were recorded in all patients. There appears to be an association between the degree of malaise, including symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and headache, and concentrations in plasma above 350 mumol/liter.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Oleic acid reduces pulmonary microvascular sieving capacity in sheep.

Changes in pulmonary microvascular permeability in sheep, after oleic acid injection, were studied using estimations of the osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma d) for total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins (Ig) G and M and calculation of the equivalent small and large pores of the microvessels. A chronic lung fistula was prepared in eight sheep. After a base-line period, left atrial pressure (Pla) was increased. Oleic acid (0.05 mg/kg body wt) was injected after a filtration-independent state had been obtained, and the spontaneously ventilating animals were then followed for 2 h. The sigma d for the normal lung was 0.65 +/- 0.03, 0.59 +/- 0.02, 0.72 +/- 0.04, and 0.84 +/- 0.02 for total protein, albumin, IgG, and IgM, respectively. The equivalent pore radii were 54 and 225 A. After oleic acid infusion, arterial pressure and arterial O2 tension decreased and leukocytes and platelets were consumed. At the end of the experiment, sigma d's were 0.27 +/- 0.04, 0.24 +/- 0.07, 0.33 +/- 0.06, and 0.55 +/- 0.04 for total protein, albumin, IgG, and IgM, respectively. The equivalent pore radii were 54 and 275 A, and the number of large pores was increased by 195%. The results indicate that oleic acid produces an increased vascular permeability by increasing the size and the numbers of large pores of the pulmonary microvascular walls.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Stockholm, Sweden: treatment, outcome, one-year-follow-up and pyrimethamine prophylaxis.

In 33 consecutive AIDS patients with a first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) we evaluated treatment, outcome, recurrence rate and pyrimethamine as chemoprophylaxis in a 1-year follow-up. Only 2 patients had a CD4 lymphocyte cell count greater than 0.2 X 10(9)/l. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was initially given to 32 patients but in 20 of these patients severe adverse reactions caused us to discontinue treatment. Of these 20 patients 11 were started on i.v./i.m. pentamidine but in 6 adverse reactions forced us to withdraw pentamidine. Patients were retrospectively divided with regard to duration of therapy into 2 groups. We could not find any difference between patients in Group 1 treated for less than or equal to 14 days and patients in Group 2 treated for greater than 14 days when comparing outcome, number of recurrences and mean time until recurrence. In 16/21 patients given only TMP-SMX initially in a high dose (means = 16 mg trimethoprim/kg/day), dose reduction was performed to means = 10.5 mg trimethoprim/kg/day after a mean time of 6.9 days. The case-fatality rate for these patients was 10% (2/21) and the overall case-fatality rate was 15% (5/33). We chose pyrimethamine (50-175 mg/week) as secondary prophylaxis for PCP. At 1-year follow-up another 16 patients had died (21/32) and 9/27 (33%) discharged patients had had one recurrence each of PCP. All recurrences occurred among patients treated with only TMP-SMX for the acute episode of PCP. Of these 27 discharged patients 23 had been given pyrimethamine and 8 (36%) of these had experienced a recurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Efficient isolation of HIV from plasma during different stages of HIV infection.

Attempts to isolate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from blood plasma using inoculation of pellets from ultracentrifuged samples into cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) resulted in a high overall recovery rate (75%) of the virus from 76 patients in various stages of HIV infection. The recovery rate was dependent on the stage of infection; in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) it was 100%, in AIDS-related complex (ARC) 86%, in persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) 64%, and in asymptomatic patients 54%. The HIV isolation rates compared favorably with those obtained after cocultivation of patient and target PBMC (overall recovery rate 67%). HIV was isolated from plasma but not from PBMC in 8 cases, whereas the reverse was true in 3 of 71 simultaneously tested cases. Isolation from plasma was found to be superior to detection of serum p24 antigen for the demonstration of HIV (positivity rates 75% and 30%, respectively). The time to appearance of p24 antigen in cultures inoculated with HIV-containing plasma samples was inversely related to the presence of detectable p24 antigen in serum. There was a significantly shorter time to culture positivity of plasma samples from AIDS and ARC patients than from PGL and asymptomatic patients. These results suggested that there is a progressive increase in the concentrations of infectious HIV in plasma from the asymptomatic to the AIDS stage. HIV isolation from plasma samples is a reliable means of demonstrating HIV viremia and has obvious advantages over the more commonly used cocultivation procedures. The frequent occurrence of cell-free, infectious HIV in plasma suggests that the majority of HIV-infected patients have a relative lack of functional neutralizing antibodies against the virus, at least during the late stages of disease.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1986

Oral absorption of flucloxacillin in infants and young children.

The bioavailability of flucloxacillin (Heracillin) following oral administration was determined in infants and children. After a dose of 12.5 mg/kg, peak concentrations were achieved at 60 min. which declined rapidly and were low in older children only 4 hours afterwards. Infants below 6 months of age showed a better absorption when given the mixture than older children. Older children achieved higher plasma concentrations when given tablets than when given equal doses of the mixture. There was no difference in the concentration when the dose was given to the subject when fasting, or with breakfast.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Non-A, non-B hepatitis after open-heart surgery in Sweden.

In recent years evidence has emerged that most post-transfusion hepatitis is caused by one or more previously unknown agents named non-A, non-B. A prospective investigation was made of 74 patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Only volunteer blood was used for transfusions. Transfusion-associated hepatitis appeared in 15 (20%) of the patients 4-12 weeks after the operation. In no case was the hepatitis found to be caused by hepatitis B, A or Epstein-Barr virus. One patient had a cytomegalovirus infection; the other 14 cases (19%) were classified by definition as non-A, non-B hepatitis. Although most of the patients were asymptomatic and all were anicteric, the course of the hepatitis was protracted in many cases. Thus, 6/12 observed patients still had pathologic transferase values more than a year after the onset of hepatitis. Liver biopsy was performed in 3 cases and showed histologic signs of chronic active hepatitis in all of them.

Adolescent↗