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Biomedical subjects

S Benhamou

Publications and source records attributed to S Benhamou.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Decreased mortality among male prisoners.

The mortality among a population of male prisoners between 1977 and 1983 was compared with that among the general French population. The overall mortality rate (for all deaths except external causes) was lower among prisoners (SMR = 84; p less than 0.05). Moreover, the risk of dying from all causes, as well as from malignant neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system, and suicides fell significantly with increasing duration of imprisonment. These findings suggest that the lifestyle specific to imprisonment might overcome the prejudicial effect of risk factors such as alcohol, tobacco, or drug abuse that tend to be common among prisoners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Nicotine dependence and secondary effects of smoking cessation.

The secondary effects of smoking cessation among subjects included in a randomized trial, performed to test the efficacy of acupuncture and nicotine chewing gum vs. the control group, are reported according to nicotine dependence. After 1 month of cessation, ex-smokers had modified their nutritional intake, had gained weight, and felt more irritable compared to subjects still smoking. After 1 year, secondary effects concerned greater weight gain and irritability. The percentage of subjects who presented these secondary effects was more frequent among high-dependent than among low-dependent ex-smokers.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Management of the axilla in conservatively treated breast cancer: 592 patients treated at Institut Gustave-Roussy.

Between June 1970 and April 1982, 592 patients with unilateral T1 and small T2 breast cancers were managed conservatively at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. The treatment policy for the axilla was to perform a lower axillary dissection and to proceed to axillary clearance ( +/- radiotherapy) in patients with axillary invasion by tumor (N+). Some N+ patients had only lower axillary dissection and radiotherapy. Five hundred fifty-eight patients underwent axillary surgery which was a lower axillary dissection in 374 patients (67%) and axillary clearance in 184 patients (33%). There was axillary invasion in 198 cases (36%). Only five patients relapsed in the axilla and the probability of axillary relapse at 5 years was 1.2%. There were no axillary relapses in N+ patients who had had an axillary clearance whether irradiated or not. The incidence of upper limb complications was significantly greater in patients undergoing axillary surgery and radiotherapy compared with axillary surgery alone (p less than 0.0001). It is concluded that a lower axillary dissection accurately identifies N-patients and an axillary clearance in N+ patients ensures good local control and avoids the morbidity associated with axillary irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lung cancer and women: results of a French case-control study.

Ninety-six women with histologically confirmed lung cancer and 192 matched controls were involved in an international case-control study conducted from 1976 to 1980. The aim of this study was an examination of the effects of different smoking habits, especially the type of cigarettes smoked (light or dark tobacco and filter or nonfilter use) on the occurrence of lung cancer in French females. All these patients were either nonsmokers or lifetime cigarette smokers. Matched relative risk (RR) of smokers compared to nonsmokers was found to be increased for both Kreyberg I (RR = 6.6) and Kreyberg II (RR = 2.1) categories; however, this increase was significant (P less than 0.0001) only for Kreyberg I lung cancer. A significant increase (P less than 0.0001) in matched RR was found with early age at first cigarette smoked, daily consumption, duration of smoking, frequency of inhalation, use of dark tobacco and use of nonfilter cigarettes. Matched RR associated with smokers not always using dark tobacco and those smoking only dark tobacco as compared to nonsmokers were significantly increased (trend test P less than 0.0001). On the contrary, the increase of RR was not significant when either daily consumption, or duration of smoking, or age at first cigarette was taken into account. Lung cancer appeared to be associated with daily consumption and use of nonfilter cigarettes in a matched logistic regression.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Small cell bronchial cancer: epidemiology].

Small cell lung carcinoma is the most frequent cancer in man. In France, the geographic distribution is not homogenous and the frequency is time-dependent. The main risk factors are smoking and some professional exposures.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed1986

Lung cancer risk associated with cigar and pipe smoking.

A case-control study of 1,529 histologically confirmed male lung cancer cases and 2,899 controls matched for sex, age, hospital of admission and interviewer was conducted in France between 1976 and 1980. The results presented concern the effects of smoking habits, especially cigar and pipe use, on the occurrence of lung cancer, in a total of 38 exclusive cigar smokers, 61 exclusive pipe smokers and 586 mixed tobacco smokers. Exclusive cigar or pipe use (RR = 5.6 and 1.6 respectively) has been shown less harmful than exclusive cigarette smoking (RR = 13.3), mixed cigar and cigarette smoking (RR = 8.5) and mixed pipe and cigarette smoking (RR = 8.0). Different inhalation practices were observed according to smoking habits: while among exclusive cigarette smokers 29.8% never inhaled the smoke, among exclusive cigar and exclusive pipe users these percentages were 89.5% and 86.9 respectively. No significant increase with greater exposure to cigar was found among mixed cigar and cigarette smokers after adjustment for exposure to cigarettes, defined by duration and daily consumption of cigarettes (RR = 1.20), and by type of cigarettes smoked--light or dark, filter or nonfilter (RR = 1.13). Similar results were observed among mixed pipe and cigarette smokers after adjustment for cigarette exposure (RR = 0.95 and 1.04).

France↗
PubMed1986

Conservative management of breast cancer.

Between 1970 and 1982, 592 patients with T1 and small T2 breast cancers were treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy by a combination of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. Mean follow-up was 78 months. The actuarial survival rate at 5 and 10 years was 92 per cent and 80 per cent respectively. There were 36 locoregional relapses of which 26 were within the treated breast. The actuarial relapse rate within the breast was 5 per cent at 5 years. If operable, a relapse within the breast did not significantly affect overall survival. The efficacy of conservative management of small breast tumours is confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mutagenicity in urine from nurses handling cytostatic agents.

A cohort study of 29 nurses who extensively handle cytostatic drugs, 29 controls matched on sex and age, and seven patients under chemotherapy was carried out between 1983 and 1985. In a first study, urinary mutagenicity assays performed with the Ames test towards Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with and without S9 mix gave an increased mutagenic activity, although not significant, for nurses as compared to controls, after adjustment on smoking habits. The results of mutagenicity assays for patients were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than for non-smoker nurses and non-smoker controls with TA 98 without S9 mix. Of the 29 pairs, complementary assays were performed for non-smokers, that is 11 nurses and 11 matched controls, with TA 98, TA 100 and TA 1535 +/- S9 mix. A significant increase in mutagenic activity (P less than 0.05) was detected for nurses as compared to matched controls towards TA 98 with and without S9 mix. Moreover, the mutagenicity was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in nurses who handled at least one electrophilic agents as compared to nurses who handled non-electrophilic drugs towards TA 98 with and without S9 mix.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Role of epidemiology in the evaluation of carcinogenic risks in occupational environment].

There are in use today tens of thousands of chemical substances whose potential carcinogenic risks are often not known. The IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk for man from environmental substances have shown that, for 707 substances or exposures studied, 36 have been identified as associated with a risk of cancer and only 60 have been submitted to epidemiologic studies. Estimating the number of cancers attributable to occupational factor must be envisaged from a preventive viewpoint. If one uses an average and reasonable estimate in France of 10%, the number of cancers of occupational origin could be considered to be approximately 22,000 new cases each year.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed1985

Lung cancer and use of cigarettes: a French case-control study.

A case-control study of 1,625 cases and 3,091 controls was conducted in France from 1976 to 1980 to compare the effects of different smoking habits, especially the use of filter cigarettes, tobacco types (light or dark), and the use of hand-rolled or manufactured cigarettes on the occurrence of lung cancer. All cases had histologically confirmed lung cancer; the controls were matched by sex, age, hospital of admission, and interviewer. The reported results concern only male nonsmokers and males who smoked (or had smoked) cigarettes exclusively, i.e., a total of 1,217 Kreyberg I and Kreyberg II cancer cases and 1,915 controls. Cigarette smoking was associated with both Kreyberg I and Kreyberg II cell categories although with different relative risks (RR) (17.2 and 3.6, resp.). Within the Kreyberg I category, RR were significantly increased (P less than .0001) with certain indices of duration and intensity of cigarette exposure, such as early age at first cigarette smoked, daily consumption, depth of inhalation, and duration of smoking. A significant difference in risk was found within the Kreyberg I category for nonfilter versus filter cigarette smokers (RR = 18.1 and 10.9, resp.) and dark versus light tobacco smokers (RR = 18.1 and 4.9, resp.) but not for hand-rolled versus manufactured cigarette smokers (RR = 19.8 and 16.0, resp.). When all the covariates were taken into account in a matched logistic regression, lung cancer risks for nonfilter versus filter cigarette smokers was RR = 1.23, for hand-rolled versus manufactured cigarette users RR = 1.22, and for dark versus light tobacco users RR = 1.94.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Tobacco withdrawal. Comparison of the efficacy of various methods. Intermediate results of a comparative study].

A comparative study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different methods of detoxication for dependent smokers is currently in progress. In this study, the percentage of subjects who gave up smoking after 1 month and changes in this percentage over a 12-month period are determined in 3 groups of subjects: one group treated with acupuncture, one group treated with a chewing-gum containing nicotine, and a control group. The intermediate analysis results include 45% of the total number of subjects required. They show no statistically significant difference between the control group and the two treated groups. Volunteers are still being recruited.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1982

[Relation between mortality in cancer of the pancreas and food and tobacco consumption in France].

The relationship is given between French pancreatic cancer mortality rates form 1968 to 1976, and some nutritional variables and tobacco. Positive correlations were found between the death rate from pancreatic cancer and sugar, egg and cereal consumption; however, a negative correlation was found with tobacco consumption. A stepwise multiple regression procedure showed an association between the mortality rate from cancer of the pancreas and meat and oil consumption when age had been taken into account.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking cessation rates 4 years after treatment by nicotine gum and acupuncture.

BACKGROUND: This study was done to estimate the smoking cessation rates 4 years after treatment with acupuncture and nicotine gum. METHODS: Participants were randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to four groups: double active treatments (nicotine gum and acupuncture), double placebo, and the combination of one active treatment and placebo. RESULTS: The success rates were quite similar in the four groups at the different points of follow-up. They sharply decreased between 1 month (around 23%) and 1 year (around 10%). The decrease slowed down thereafter to around 6% at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Results from our study suggest that the two treatments did not offer any long-term improvement over placebo. Additional investigations are necessary to estimate the magnitude of their long-term success rate.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of metabolic gene polymorphisms with alcohol consumption in controls.

The objectives were to study the association between metabolic genes involved in alcohol metabolism (CYP2E1 RsaI, CYP2E1 DraI, ADH1C, NQO1) and alcohol consumption in a large sample of healthy controls. Healthy subjects were selected from the International Collaborative Study on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC). Subjects with information on both alcohol consumption and at least one of the studied polymorphisms were included in the analysis (n=2224). Information on the amount of alcohol consumption was available for a subset of subjects (n=844). None of the studied genes was significantly associated with drinking habits. A significant heterogeneity with age was observed when studying the association between CYP2E1 RsaI and alcohol drinking. CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism was significantly associated with being a never drinker at older ages (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.8; at ages above 68 years), while the association was reversed at ages below 47 years (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.4). For subjects with detailed information on alcohol intake, no association between alcohol quantity and polymorphisms in metabolic genes was observed; subjects carrying the NQO1 polymorphism tended to drink more than subjects carrying the wild-type alleles. Therefore, no significant association between CYP2E1 RsaI, CYP2E1 DraI, ADH1C, NQO1 polymorphisms and alcohol consumption was observed in healthy controls.

Adult↗