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Biomedical subjects

S Bengmark

Publications and source records attributed to S Bengmark.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Stimulation of DNA synthesis in the rat liver during compensatory renal growth.

The stimulatory effect of a growing kidney upon the liver was studied in rats with renoportal anastomosis (RPA) and contralateral nephrectomy. DNA synthesis, mitotic activity, and index of growth in the renoprival kidneys were independent of the shunt. Hepatic uptake of [Me-3H]thymidine was increased in both RPA-nephrectomized and sham-RPA-nephrectomized rats; however, in the latter group of animals the response was significantly greater. Results of the study suggest that stimulatory substance of renal origin is carried in the venous blood of a growing kidney. A nonspecific interaction between the renotropic and portal-borne hepatotrophic factors seemed to be responsible for stimulation of hepatic DNA synthesis. The study supports the view that mechanisms humoral in nature but not common promote reparative growth in different organs such as the liver and kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Alterations in trace element and plasma amino-acid profile in experimental gram-negative septicaemia.

Infection can produce changes in the levels of trace metals such as copper, iron and zinc and several amino acids. These trace metals are involved in many metabolic reactions as well as in the host defence response. In the present study we have induced septicaemia in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were made septic by surgical insertion of a gelatine capsule containing known amounts of E. coli (1.25 x 10(7) bact/ml) and Bacteroides fragiles (2.5 x 10(7) bact/ml) along with sterile rat faeces as an adjuvant (50% vol/vol), and barium sulphate (10% weight/weight) as an irritant into the abdomen. Blood samples were collected at 36, 60 and 72 h to study alterations in the pattern of copper, zinc, calcium and magnesium and plasma amino acids. Liver samples were taken after sacrifice at 72 h for inorganic element analysis. Sepsis produced a significant increase in copper and magnesium and a significant decrease in zinc and calcium levels of plasma. Trace element content of the livers the septic rats did not differ appreciably from control rats. Septic rats also had a lowered concentration of branched chain amino acids. These changes especially those of copper and zinc could be expected to have a role in the progress of the disease. The changes observed in the present study might be caused through the release of Interleukin-I or related substances from the phagocytic cells.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Tumor growth in liver atrophy and growth. An experimental study in rats.

Despite vast knowledge on liver regeneration, little is known about the effect of active liver atrophy and regeneration on tumor growth. Ligation of a branch of the portal vein to the one or two anterior lobes was performed in inbred Wistar rats. This induces acute atrophy of the anterior and regeneration of the other lobes. During the same operation a tumor cell suspension (NGW1--adenocarcinoma) was inoculated in liver lobes undergoing atrophy and regeneration. Tumor volume and weight were measured and the histologic appearance was assessed. During the early and active phases the tumor growth was significantly accelerated in regenerating lobes and partially inhibited in rapidly atrophied segments. After the regeneration and atrophy was completed the normal pattern of growth was re-established in both parts of the liver. The results suggest that tumor growth is affected in proportion to regenerative response. They further suggest that portal branch ligation is of limited value in surgical palliation of liver tumors. The risk for further induction of growth of clinically undetected tumor foci in the remaining liver tissue appears to be small, although a significant, but short-lasting, stimulatory response was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Accidental lesions of the common bile duct at cholecystectomy. II. Results of treatment.

Sixty-five cases of accidental lesion of the choledochus at cholecystectomy reported from 51 Swedish hospitals to the Patients' Insurance Syndicate in Stockholm 1975-1981 were studied. The results were evaluated as to the time of detection and the primary surgical repair done. Fifty-five of the 65 lesions were detected and repaired at the cholecystectomy and ten were detected and repaired the first 10 days after the primary operation. In 38 of 55 lesions detected before surgery, an end-to-end choledochostomy was performed. Good results without further surgical intervention were achieved in 22%. The 17 other preoperatively detected lesions were treated with choledocho/hepaticoenterostomy, and good results were achieved without further surgical intervention in 54%. Of the ten patients in whom the lesions were detected after surgery, three were reconstructed with an end-to-end choledochostomy; all of these developed obstruction that led into further reoperations. In the remaining seven patients the lesions were repaired within 10 days with a choledocho/hepaticoenterostomy; three of them did not require further surgical intervention and four had to be reoperated. There was no mortality at the first repair, but two cases of hospital mortality at reoperations. However, the morbidity have been substantial for patients with as well as without obvious further surgical complications. The results indicate that in this selected group choledocho/hepaticoenterostomy should be the procedure of choice. However, the accumulated rate of biliary strictures increased with time, which requires a considerably longer follow-up to know the end results of this of avoidable complication to "a straightforward cholecystectomy."

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMed1985

A rat model for sepsis in chronic biliary obstruction.

The effect of retrograde intrabiliary (RI) injection of E. coli was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats with and without chronic biliary obstruction. The challenge dose of E. coli was standardized by the use of frozen (-80 degrees C) aliquots of bacteria. Injection of 10(2), 10(5) or 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU), respectively, into three groups of 8 normal rats, immediately after occlusion of the common bile duct (CBD), did not kill any of the animals. In contrast, 5 of 8 animals with chronic biliary obstruction died from E. coli sepsis after RI injection of 10(2) bacteria (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, all of 4 obstructed animals died after challenge with 10(5) CFU (p less than 0.01), as compared to the 8 normal rats surviving this dose. Intraperitoneal injection of 10(5) E. coli did not kill any of 6 animals with 3 weeks biliary obstruction. It is concluded that chronic biliary obstruction and RI injection are prerequisites for the occurrence of lethal septicemia in the animals. The model might be suitable for the study of biliary sepsis in chronic biliary obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Fatal outcome of splenectomy in rats with experimental biliary infection.

The effect of splenectomy in normal rats receiving retrograde intrabiliary (RI) or intravenous (IV) injection of 10(5) Escherichia coli was studied. IV injection of the bacteria did not cause any deaths, independent of whether simultaneous ligation of the common bile duct was performed or not. In contrast, RI injection immediately after splenectomy resulted in the death of 9/12 animals although only 1/12 RI-injected rats with intact spleens died (p less than 0.005). The findings might have implications for the performance of splenectomy in patients with combined hepato-biliary diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Standardized intraabdominal abscess formation with generalized sepsis: pathophysiology in the rat.

Gelatine capsules containing Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis in a standardized mixture with rat colonic content and barium sulfate were implanted intraabdominally into rats. Capsules of 0.75 g gave approximately 50% mortality whereas 0.35 and 1.10 g caused no or 100% mortality, respectively. In subsequent experiments, using the 0.75 g capsule, all animals became ill with signs of tachypnea, piloerection, low physical activity and hypersecretion of saliva 6-8 h after the implantation. The animals reduced their water and food intake substantially and the body weight decreased. A significant reduction in blood pressure, glucose and leukocyte and platelet counts was found 12 h after challenge. Blood cultures obtained at 12, 24, 48 and 60 h all grew E. coli but none B. fragilis. Succumbed animals revealed diffuse peritonitis with growth of E. coli and B. fragilis at autopsy, whereas surviving animals showed abscess formation at investigation on day 8 after challenge. It was concluded that the model closely resembled intraabdominal abscess formation with sepsis in man.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Increased bleeding during liver resection after sympathetic block in normal rats.

The effect of sympathetic block on hemostasis after standardized liver resection was studied in the rat. Sympathetic block was undertaken by paravertebral block or surgical sympathectomy. Blood loss was significantly increased, but the bleeding time was not prolonged after paravertebral block. Surgical sympathectomy also increased blood loss as compared to controls, but there was no difference when compared with sham operation. Adenosine diphosphate and collagen induced platelet aggregation was not inhibited in all animals as compared to controls. The results indicate that primary hemostasis was not seriously affected, but that hepatic blood flow was augmented after sympathetic block.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1985

Decreased clearance of Escherichia coli from the bile in rats with obstructive jaundice.

Clearance of Escherichia coli from the bile was studied in 4 normal Sprague-Dawley rats and 4 rats with 3 weeks of obstruction of the common bile duct. 125I-radiolabelled heat-killed E. coli were injected into the common bile duct and the radioactivity of the bile monitored for 2 h. The radioactivity declined exponentially during the first 10 min. Bile samples collected from 2 to 15 min after injection showed higher amounts of radioactivity in all rats with biliary obstruction than in the normal rats. However, the clearance rate was higher in normal than in obstructed rats (p less than 0.05). It was, therefore, concluded that the bacteria were cleared off the bile rapidly in normal rats by the function of a liver and/or a biliary tree. The present data, concerning the kinetic study of bacterial clearance from the biliary tract, indicates that the impaired clearance of bacteria in chronic biliary obstruction might be crucial for the development of biliary sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lysosomal enzymes in plasma, liver and spleen from rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis.

Plasma levels of the lysosomal enzymes, beta-hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, were analyzed in rats with carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhosis. Out of 22 animals, 15 showed cirrhotic and 4 pre-cirrhotic livers. 4 cirrhotic animals exhibited cholestatic features with increased bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) in plasma. The remaining 15 pre-cirrhotic and cirrhotic rats showed clear significant changes only in ASAT levels. These 15 rats showed no consistent increase in plasma, spleen or liver lysosomal enzyme activities, whereas the 4 rats with cholestatic features exhibited considerable increases of lysosomal enzymes. The increased activities might be attributed to decreased biliary excretion and/or increased production of lysosomal enzymes by activated macrophages.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Accidental lesions of the common bile duct at cholecystectomy. Pre- and perioperative factors of importance.

The 65 reports of accidental lesions of the choledochus at cholecystectomy from the records of the Patients' Insurance Syndicate in Stockholm, Sweden, 1975-1982, were studied in order to characterize avoidable factors and/or situations at cholecystectomy. Compared with control materials, there were significantly less men (28 vs. 34%) and the patients were younger (46 vs. 54 years). The patients were without significant other diseases and former operations, and were slim or of a normal weight. The patients had a short history of known biliary tract disease and there was seldom a suspicion of common duct stone. Most of the surgeons were under training and 80% of them had done 25 to 100 cholecystectomies before, seldom assisted by a more experienced surgeon. The inflammation was never severe, the bleeding insignificant, and an anomaly was found after the lesion was done in only 16 of 55 cases. The lesion was done before cholangiography in 27 cases and after the cholangiography, but before the films were available in 32 cases. The gallbladder was excised about as often from the fundus as from the pouch. We have found it probable that most of these accidental injuries of the choledochus could have been prevented with a policy that considers cholecystectomy as a major operation that requires well-trained surgeons with a humble and concentrated approach to their task.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Acute portal vein stenosis. An experimental study on portal circulation and hepatosplenic function.

Portal hypertension was mechanically induced in rats by acute constriction of the portal vein. Using a new "button" technique, a stricture 0.9 mm in diameter was found to be compatible with life in more than 90% of the rats. Angiographic and anatomic studies of portosystemic collaterals confirmed observations in earlier experiments. Oesophageal varices were not seen, despite sustained elevation of portal venous pressure during the four weeks following induction of portal hypertension. Development of paraportal veins bridging the obstacle is suggested to be responsible for maintenance of normal liver structure and for recovery from the transient hepatic dysfunction. Increase of phagocytosis in the germinal centres of the enlarged spleens was found after four weeks, suggesting immunologic changes caused by portal hypertension and/or portosystemic shunt circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hepatotrophic factors in liver growth and atrophy.

The hepatotrophic effect of portal blood was studied in rats with portal branch ligation (PBL) simultaneously subjected to mesocaval shunt or total hepatic arterialization. A direct supply of the nonligated liver lobes with pancreatic effluent did not improve DNA synthesis or mitotic response compared to arterialized rats, in which the portal-borne hepatotrophic factors reached the same lobes after systemic recirculation. A comparison with shunted but Sham-PBL rats showed that restorative capacity of the liver was not seriously impaired. In rats with PBL alone the lobes with portal occlusion showed extensive necrosis. In contrast, in PBL + shunt rats necrosis was significantly inhibited, indicating a hepatoprotective role of portal blood during hepatic arterial recirculation. Thus, the study suggests that quality of hepatic blood supply is of vital importance in maintenance of hepatocellular integrity. Hemodynamical factors seem to be of importance, but more in a sense of increased or decreased accessibility of humoral hepatotrophic factors in the blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Total fasting serum bile acids and beta-hexosaminidase in alcoholic liver disease.

Total serum bile acid levels and beta-hexosaminidase activity were studied in 22 normal subjects, 35 non-cirrhotic patients with acute alcohol intoxication, 45 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 11 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and surgical portal-systemic shunts. Comparison was made with traditional liver function tests. beta-Hexosaminidase was most frequently elevated in acute alcohol intoxication (94%) while total serum bile acids were elevated in all patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Total serum bile acid levels were found to discriminate most efficiently between acute alcohol intoxication and liver cirrhosis. The combined determination of serum beta-hexosaminidase and total serum bile acids is proposed for evaluating alcoholic liver disease.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1984

Embolization of the liver in the management of metastatic carcinoid tumors.

Eight patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome were treated with gelatin foam embolization of the hepatic arterial tree. The aims were to reduce the tumor mass in the liver and to eliminate the carcinoid syndrome. The effects of the treatment were judged from arteriograms, CT scans, and the levels of serotonin in blood and 5-HIAA in urine, as well as from the clinical symptoms. The mean follow-up time was 12.5 months. In all patients the liver tumor mass was reduced after embolization, and this reduction persisted for at least 6 months in seven patients. After treatment, reduced serotonin levels in blood were measured in four patients and reduced 5-HIAA levels in urine in seven patients. In five patients the carcinoid syndrome disappeared after embolization, but after 6 months two of these five patients had regained symptoms. Adverse reactions were minor consisting of a slight fever, reversibly increased serum levels of liver enzymes, and abdominal pain. In our experience, the hepatic embolization is a simple and safe method of giving relief from the carcinoid syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Colloid-induced changes in bleeding following liver resection in the rat.

The effect of preoperative infusion of Ringer's solution, Ringer's acetate solution, dextran 70, dextran 40, degraded gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch on haemostasis after standardized liver resection was studied in the rat. Ringer's and Ringer's acetate solutions did not affect haemostasis more than expected from haemodilution. Dextrans, degraded gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch caused a significant increase in bleeding time and blood loss. APT time was significantly increased after infusion of hydroxyethyl starch. Dextran and hydroxyethyl starch impaired ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation. Platelet aggregation was not affected by the infusion of Ringer's solution or Ringer's acetate solution as compared to non-treated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Role of obstruction in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis.

The role of obstruction in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis was studied by measuring the pressure in the appendix perioperatively in 24 patients operated on with an appendectomy because of suspected acute appendicitis. The technique used involved inserting a fine needle through the apex into the appendix lumen and measuring the hydrostatic pressure required to inject saline solution. In three patients with a gangrenous appendix found at operation, and in two patients with a phlegmonous appendix, there were signs of obstruction of the appendix lumen as revealed by increased pressure within it. In 14 patients with a phlegmonous appendix found at operation, no signs of obstruction were found. These experimental data suggest that obstruction is not an important causative agent of acute appendicitis, but might develop as a result of the inflammatory process.

Appendectomy↗