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Biomedical subjects

S Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to S Bauer.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Sports and nutrition--an ambulatory care program for obese children (long-term experiences)].

Sports activity (three times per week), dietary changes and modification of behavior are the basic tenets of an outpatient program run for 9- to 12-year-old adipose children since 1987. The following goals are to be attained: increase in physical performance capacity and body awareness, long-lasting change in eating habits, weight loss to less than 20% overweight compared to the age-normal, and understanding of the permanence of body weight problems. Individual dietary consultation is offered in addition to the initial examination consisting of physical examination, skin fat-fold measurement, blood chemical parameters, spiroergometry and a detailed discussion with parents and children. The eating habits of the children are recorded in a dietary history (three-day dietary protocol, questionnaire) and discussed in individual consultations with the parents and children. Moreover, the nutritional program includes regular nutritional consultations and parents' meetings every month. Cooking instructions provide practical knowledge of food preparation to preserve nutrients in an energy-reduced, tasty diet, as well as theoretical basics of nutrition. The control examinations show improvement in body-weight related performance capacity and laboratory parameters (lipid metabolism) as well as individual weight loss or stability (reference weight). Aware and controlled nutritional habits were learned especially by the children of parents who, for their part, tried to tailor their diets to be better balanced, whole-some and more need-oriented. Overall the nutritional composition improved with less energy intake. The intake of complex carbohydrates increased especially through consumption of ballast-rich müsli, as well as whole wheat bread, vegetables and fruits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1992

The risks of blood transfusion: the relative influence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and non-A, non-B hepatitis.

PURPOSE: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has greatly increased concern about the risk of blood transfusion. Many transfusions are now autologous, and when these are not available, both physicians and patients are more likely to question the advisability of transfusion. We evaluate the risk of preoperative blood transfusion and the contribution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to that risk. METHODS: We used decision analysis to characterize the risk associated with HIV infection in days of life lost. The contributions to risk of acute transfusion reaction, hepatitis B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis are also estimated. Sensitivity analyses show the implications for transfusion risk of recent information about HIV infection in the blood supply and a new test for hepatitis C. RESULTS: The analysis shows that the contribution of HIV infection to the risk of death from transfusion, expressed in days of life expectancy lost, has become extremely small over the last several years. Currently, HIV infection accounts for less than 1% of the risk of death, while non-A, non-B hepatitis accounts for 97% to 98%. Further reductions in the risk of HIV infection, even to zero, will make relatively little difference in the safety of transfusion. The analysis also shows that the remaining risk from transfusion should decrease sharply, by more than two thirds, with the adoption of the test for hepatitis C. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve the safety of blood should focus on reducing the risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis. The remaining risk of HIV infection is very small.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

The effect of the new immunosuppressive drug FK506 on the formation of secondary metabolites of cyclosporin A.

Interactions of FK506 with the cyclosporin A (CsA) metabolism are described. These interactions were not differentiated between the primary and secondary part of metabolism. The combination-therapy with cyclosporin A and diltiazem has shown, that not only the blood levels of CsA were increased, but also the blood levels of the primary CsA-metabolite M17. In the presented in in-vitro-investigations 1.7 microM tritium-labelled CsA was incubated for 90 min with human liver microsomes. The inhibitory effect of FK506 (6 microM) was observed with coincubation under the same conditions. The metabolites were quantified by detection of radioactivity of the elution-fractions after HPLC. The results showed strong inhibition on the formation of both, the primary and secondary CsA-metabolites by FK506. With the same concentration diltiazem and erythromycin exhibited only an inhibition of the formation of secondary CsA-metabolites. In clinical investigations with FK506 in combination with CsA it is necessary to control blood levels of CsA and also its primary metabolites.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1992

Health hazards in the semiconductor industry. A review.

The development of semiconductor production has been accompanied by an increased use of toxic production materials and an increased release of potential toxic wastes, which are harmful to health and environment. This paper gives an overview of occupational health hazards resulting from production materials in the microelectronics industry and from waste products originating as gases from plasma etching processes in photolithography during semiconductor production. The paper proposes methods for using experimental toxicology to investigate the occupational risks from complex mixtures of chemicals in the semiconductor industry.

Hazardous Substances↗
PubMed1992

Reduced cytosolic free Na+ concentration in intact platelets of essential hypertensives.

OBJECTIVE: The role of intracellular Na+ concentration in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension is a point of considerable discussion. DESIGN: Since the novel fluorescent dye technique offers the possibility of measuring cytosolic free Na+ concentration in intact living cells, the role of Na+ was reinvestigated in resting and stimulated human platelets. METHODS: Cytosolic free Na+ concentration was measured in intact blood platelets of 20 essential hypertensive patients and 21 age- and sex-matched normotensive control subjects using the fluorescent dye Na(+)-binding benzofuran isophthalate. RESULTS: Cytosolic free Na+ concentration was significantly reduced in hypertensives compared with normotensives. Inhibition of Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase by ouabain elevated cytosolic free Na+ concentration in hypertensives and normotensives in a similar way. Addition of thrombin increased cytosolic free Na+ concentration both in hypertensives and normotensives. CONCLUSIONS: Previous concepts concerning the role of Na+ in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension based upon measurements in destructed cells need to be reinvestigarted using new techniques in living cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Naked megakaryocyte nuclei as an indicator of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Compact, lobulated megakaryocyte nuclei, apparently denuded of cytoplasm (naked nuclei), have been reported to be markedly increased in the bone marrow of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We have confirmed this observation and have developed a useful diagnostic index, the naked nucleus ratio, to characterize the bone marrow of individuals who are infected with HIV. The naked nucleus ratio, calculated as the average number of naked nuclei per high-power field divided by the average number of intact megakaryocytes per high-power field, has a sensitivity of 97.9% and a specificity of 96.4% for patients with HIV infection. In our patients with a 62.6% prevalence of HIV infection, the predictive value of a positive test was 97.9% and the predictive value of a negative test was 96.4%. An increase in the naked nucleus ratio above 10%, without specific changes in the bone marrow, should raise or may confirm the suspicion of HIV infection.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of arteriosclerosis on the wall elasticity of the human common carotid artery].

The arterial distensibility and the modulus of volume elasticity of more than 100 isolated human carotid arteries was measured and correlated with arteriosclerosis and aging. The loss of arterial distensibility progresses steadily with aging. Arteries with severe arteriosclerosis and arteries with minimal arteriosclerosis show almost similar distensibility. On the other side the differences between distensibility of arteries with moderate arteriosclerosis and arteries with minimal as well as severe arteriosclerosis, especially in the younger and middle ages, are significant.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

A single origin of phenylketonuria in Yemenite Jews.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disease caused by recessive mutations of the gene encoding the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The incidence of PKU varies widely across different geographic areas, and is highest (about 1 in 5,000 live births) in Ireland and western Scotland, and among Yemenite Jews. A limited number of point mutations account for most of the PKU cases in the European population. Here we report that a single molecular defect--a deletion spanning the third exon of the PAH gene--is responsible for all the PKU cases among the Yemenite Jews. Examination of a random sample of Yemenite Jews using a molecular probe that detects the carriers of this deletion indicated a high frequency of the defective gene in this community. Although the deleted PAH gene was traced to 25 different locations throughout Yemen, family histories and official documents of the Yemenite Jewish community showed that the common ancestor of all the carriers of this genetic defect lived in San'a, the capital of Yemen, before the eighteenth century.

Alleles↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic evaluation of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in association with poor performance in racing Standardbreds.

Endoscopic examinations were performed on 965 Standardbred racehorses competing at Yonkers Raceway between June 16 and Aug 3, 1988, to demonstrate an association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and poor racing performance. Findings suggested that both exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease adversely affect performance, whereas a combination of the 2 conditions more severely affects racing performance than do either of the conditions individually.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interstitial chemotherapy of experimental gliomas.

Two new approaches of interstitial (intratumoral) chemotherapy of gliomas are presented. Using s.c.-transplanted rat gliomas (G616) the therapeutic activity of biologically degradable polylactide rods as carriers for methotrexate was investigated. Carrier-mediated intratumoral chemotherapy was superior both to a systemic treatment and an intratumoral treatment with the free drug. The activity of the alkyllysophospholipids Et-18-OCH3 and BM 41.440 and of the alkylphosphocholine He-PC was investigated in a human glioma xenograft (T 406). All three compounds were highly active following intratumoral administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Circadian rhythms in the body temperatures of intensive care patients with brain lesions.

The body core temperatures of 31 patients suffering from severe cerebral lesions were measured. Evidence for the existence or nonexistence of circadian rhythms in these patients was found to be associated with diagnosis (acute versus chronic lesions), with the level of consciousness, and with neurological findings (such as best motor response and pupillary reaction), but not with heart rate, corneal reflex, initial Glasgow coma score (GCS), or outcome. This evidence came to light only after multiphasic mathematical transformations of the raw data.

Acute Disease↗