Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Batra

Publications and source records attributed to S Batra.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Characterization of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in rat prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Using PK 11195, a high affinity ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBZr), binding sites in isolated mitochondrial (m-fraction) and microsomal fractions (p-fraction) from R-3327 Dunning AT-1 tumors, ventral and dorsolateral prostate were studied. Binding of PK 11195 in both m- and p-fractions from AT-1 tumors, but only in m-fraction from ventral and dorsolateral prostate, was specific, saturable, and of high affinity. The PBZr density in m-fraction from AT-1 tumor was 6-fold and 20-fold higher than that in ventral and dorsolateral prostate, respectively. The receptor density in p-fraction from AT-1 tumors was approximately 25% of that found in the m-fraction. Clear differences were observed in the competition by both diazepam and flunitrazepam for binding sites in m- and p-fractions from tumors. These data indicate that the receptors were not only localized to the mitochondria, but were also present in considerable amounts in the microsomal fractions. The unusually high amounts of receptors in the fast growing anaplastic prostatic tumor suggest their involvement in the regulation of cell proliferation and possibly in tumorigenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between body fat and anthropometric variables in a large sample of young males.

To establish the relationship between fat mass (FM) and other anthropometric variables, 2152 males of mid-European extract aged between 18 and 24 years were examined. Based on these data, three models for either fat percent (FP) or FM prediction were calculated from body mass (BM), body height (BH) and body mass index (BMI = BM/BH2). The best models for fat percent prediction both explained only 51% of the variance (FP = 0.02711.BMI2.042 (0.043 SE); and FP = 720310.BM2.05 (0.043).BH-3.76 (0.155), R2 = 0.51 for both models). There was a remarkable increase in R2 when FP was replaced by FM. The best model explained 70% of the variance for FM prediction (FM = 7207.BM3.05 (0.043).BH-3.76 (0.155), R2 = 0.70). We have incorporated these data into a nomogram applicable to an active, young male mid-European population. From this study we conclude that for the estimation of body fat, models based upon FM (absolute value) are preferred over models for prediction of FP (relative value).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

The estrogen receptor expression in the male rabbit urethra and prostate following castration.

The influence of castration on estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the male rabbit prostate and urethra, was investigated immunohistochemically and biochemically in 18 mature male, rabbits 14 days after bilateral orchiectomy, and in 15 controls. Immunohistochemical scores of ER were increased significantly in the prostatic stroma and the urethral submucosa (p < 0.05 Mann-Whitney), while the increase in the urothelium was not significant. Biochemically, the ER content was 87.4 +/- 42.6 f mol/mg protein in the normal prostate, and 190.0 +/- 28.0 f mol/mg protein following castration. The corresponding values for the posterior urethra were 228.3 +/- 43.2 f mol/mg protein and 354.9 +/- 60.1 f mol/mg protein. In both cases the increase was not significant. We conclude, that ERs in the prostate and the urethra of the male rabbit can be modified by hormonal manipulation. ERs may therefore be functionally active and not rudimentary.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Whole-body autoradiographic study of [3H]-PK 11195 distribution in dunning AT-1 tumour-bearing rats.

In vivo binding of [3H]-PK 11195 to peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in Dunning AT-1 prostatic tumour-bearing rats was investigated by whole-body autoradiography. Distribution and retention of PK 11195 in tumour and other organs was examined at different time intervals. Autoradiograms indicated PK 11195 binding sites in the periphery of the tumour, whereas no or little binding was detected in the prostate. Among other organs, adrenal cortex was most intensely radiolabelled. Administration of nonradioactive PK 11195 before [3H]-PK 11195 blocked binding in all organs more completely than in tumour, kidney, and adrenal cortex, where low levels of radioactivity still were present. Radioactivity in the tumour, contrary to other organs, seemed to increase with time, indicating a slow uptake with large capacity. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of extracted radioactivity from the tumour showed that almost all radioactivity consisted of intact [3H]-PK 11195. These results indicate binding in vivo of PK 11195 to peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in Dunning AT-1 rat prostatic tumours and a large capacity for uptake and retention of [3H]-PK 11195 in tumours.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1994

Duplex-guided compression of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms.

The purpose of this report is to review our experience with duplex-guided compression in the management of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. From February 1991 to July 1992, 13 consecutive asymptomatic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms were managed initially with duplex-guided compression. Twelve of these complications followed interventional cardiac procedures; the remaining case followed lysis of a femoral to tibial bypass. A Quantum Angiodynograph I duplex imager with a 5-MHz probe was used during this study. After the origin of the pseudoaneurysm was identified, compression was applied with the transducer head to obliterate flow in the pseudoaneurysm, while maintaining flow in the parent artery. Successful thrombosis was accomplished in 12 patients. The mean interval between the original femoral puncture and duplex-guided compression was 9.0 days (range, 1-22 days). The mean compression time was 30 minutes (range, 15-45 minutes). Pseudoaneurysm size ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 cm. Follow-up imaging, performed within 72 hours after compression, demonstrated sustained pseudoaneurysm thrombosis and patent femoral artery segments. Four patients were managed as out-patients, without the need for anesthesia or sedation. Eight patients were managed in the hospital, seven following interventional cardiac procedures, and one following bypass revision. Duplex-guided compression failed in one case. This patient was successfully treated operatively, at which time repair of both the profunda and superficial femoral artery was required. Asymptomatic iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms can be successfully managed with duplex-guided compression. This maneuver appears to be a simple and cost-effective approach for initial management of these lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effect of ovarian steroids and diethylstilbestrol on the contractile responses of the human myometrium and intramyometrial arteries.

Estriol, estradiol, progesterone and diethylstilbestrol in the concentration range of 0.2-40 microM inhibited the spontaneous contractions of the myometrium in a dose-dependent manner but the differences in IC50 values obtained with different hormones were not statistically significant. All these hormones caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the K(+)-induced contraction. The IC50 values were lowest for diethylstilbestrol and highest for estriol. Vasopressin at concentrations of 1.5 x 10(-6) - 1.8 x 10(-3) U/ml stimulated myometrial contractions. These responses were also inhibited by ovarian steroids and diethylstilbestrol. The IC50 values for estriol and progesterone were significantly higher than for estradiol or diethylstilbestrol. The values for estriol and progesterone did not differ significantly. In the uterine arteries, which lacked spontaneous activity, ovarian steroids and diethylstilbestrol inhibited contractions induced by K+ depolarization. As with myometrium, the lowest effect was observed with estriol and the highest with diethylstilbestrol. A dose-dependent inhibition by all four hormones (0.2-40 microM) of vasopressin-induced contractile responses of the uterine arteries was observed. With the lowest concentration of progesterone, however, the arterial response to vasopressin was enhanced. The increases by progesterone (0.02 and 0.2 microM) of responses induced by vasopressin were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The present data strongly suggest that, in human myometrium and uterine arteries, ovarian steroids and diethylstilbestrol cause a more pronounced inhibition of receptor-mediated than of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The increase by a very low (physiological) concentration of progesterone of vasopressin-induced responses in both myometrium and arteries may be of significance in the pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea.

Arteries↗
PubMed1993

Calcium mobilization and cell proliferation activated by extracellular ATP in human ovarian tumour cells.

The effects of ATP on cell proliferation and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were examined in a human ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). Micromolar concentrations of ATP promoted a biphasic rise in [Ca2+]i representing a phase with a rapid peak followed by a phase in which the rise was slower and sustained. When the influx of extracellular calcium was blocked by calcium chelation to EGTA, the ATP stimulated rise in [Ca2+]i was rapid and monophasic. Voltage-sensitive calcium channel blockers like nifedipine and verapamil had no effect on the action of ATP while prenylamine totally blocked calcium influx. ATP inclusion in the medium significantly stimulated growth of OVCAR-3 cells. Fetal calf serum (FCS) increased [Ca2+]i with similar biphasic kinetics representing both the entry of extracellular calcium and release of calcium from intracellular stores. FCS also caused a substantial increase in cell growth. From these experiments it was concluded that an increase in [Ca2+]i is obligatory for stimulation of cell growth in OVCAR-3 cells and that this increase probably requires a contribution from the entry of extracellular calcium. The involvement of both pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein and protein kinase C in ATP induced responses was indicated by the data showing interference of the response by pertussis toxin and phorbol-myristate acetate.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1993

Characterisation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in human ovaries, ovarian tumours and tumour cell lines.

Using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) as radioligand, muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites in isolated plasma membrane fractions from human ovarian tumours, cultured tumour cells, and normal ovarian tissue were characterised. QNB binding to all preparations, except from poorly differentiated tumour, was specific, saturable, and of high affinity. In contrast to normal ovaries, benign tumours, well differentiated adenocarcinoma and OVCAR-3 cells, the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and SKOV-3 cells completely lacked specific QNB binding. The muscarinic receptor densities and the Kd values in preparation from ovaries, receptor-positive tumours and OVCAR-3 cells were similar. QNB binding was strongly inhibited by the classical muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine, but poorly by the agonist carbachol. In contrast to atropine, inhibition by pirenzepine and AF-DX 116 was relatively low. These data suggest that muscarinic receptors in ovaries and ovarian tumours are of m3 type.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Role of reactive oxygen species in expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from rats.

To understand the mechanism for the expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from rats, age-dependent variations in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species in the parasite and the host intestines were examined. N. brasiliensis showed an age-dependent increase in its susceptibility to xanthine-xanthine oxidase and t-butyl hydroperoxide generated oxidants as well as to H2O2. Protection obtained with several scavengers suggested that the worms were damaged by the combined action of oxidants generated by the in vitro systems employed. The level of superoxide dismutase in the nematode and its release into the surroundings exhibited a marked depression with advancement of age. No such alteration was, however, recorded for catalase and glutathione peroxidase. An appreciable decrease in the level of reduced glutathione in older N. brasiliensis appears to render them prone to oxidant attack. The rat intestines, on the other hand, exhibited an appreciable depression in catalase and a reduced glutathione content with progress of the infection. Vitamin E levels were elevated. The release of O2-. and H2O2 by the intestines was also found to be greater during later stages of the infection. The combined effect of the changes observed in N. brasiliensis and in the rat intestines may be at least partly responsible for expulsion of the nematode from the rats after day 10.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Coronary spasm as a cause of coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction.

A 63-year-old man with an acute anterior myocardial infarction demonstrated an intracoronary nonocclusive thrombus distal to the organic stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. One month after the infarction the thrombus was completely dissolved, and spontaneous and provoked spasm occurred overlying the organic stenosis of the coronary artery. Thus coronary spasm superimposed on the atherosclerotic stenosis was suggested as a cause of the thrombus formation that led to myocardial infarction.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1993

The distribution of estrogen receptors in the urinary tract of the male rabbit. An immunohistochemical and biochemical study.

The distribution of estrogen receptors (ER) in the urinary system in the male rabbit were investigated in 18 mature and healthy rabbits by immunohistochemical examination of tissue samples taken from renal pelvis, mid-ureter, bladder-top, posterior urethra and the prostate. ER were detected in 17 out of 18 cases in the urothelial lining and the subepithelial stromal cells of the posterior urethra; and in 15 out of 18 cases in prostatic stromal cells. ER was not found in bladder-top, mid-ureter or renal pelvis. Receptor determination in the isolated cytosolic and nuclear fraction, showed that the mean prostatic receptor density were 151.5 f mol/mg protein in the nuclear and 51.4 in the cytosolic fraction. The corresponding mean values obtained from the posterior urethra were 128.2 and 88.9 f mol/mg protein. We conclude, that ER can be demonstrated in the urinary system of the male rabbit, and these are restricted to the posterior urethra and the prostatic stromal tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A hospital-based study on the use of paramedical personnel for clinical downstaging of cancer cervix.

Two auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) were recruited and trained to recognize normal and different types of abnormal cervices. A total of 2102 women were examined by a gynaecologist and ANM independently and their findings were noted. Comparison of their findings showed an overall agreement of 89.6 per cent (Kappa 0.84 with standard error of 0.015 and a significantly large Z value of 55.6). Gross examination of 4679 women attending the Gynaecology OPD revealed normal cervix in 49.6 per cent and suspected lesions or malignant cervix in 3.4 per cent of women. Cytology smears were taken in 3608 women. Adequacy of smears was 97 per cent. Comparing the group clinically diagnosed as highly suspected or malignant to the cytologically diagnosed suspected group (atypical and malignant), clinical examination had a sensitivity of 81.7 per cent and specificity of 97.3 per cent; while comparison of the group clinically diagnosed as abnormal cervix to abnormal cytology (all grades of dysplasia, atypical and malignant cells), the clinical examination had a sensitivity of 92.5 per cent and specificity of 37.4 per cent. It was concluded that paramedical staff (ANMs) can be relied upon to do speculum examination in women in the community and take cytology smears in selected cases.

Allied Health Personnel↗