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Biomedical subjects

S Bank

Publications and source records attributed to S Bank.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Fibreoptic endoscopy and the use of the Sengstaken tube in acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension and varices.

The value of emergency upper gastrointestinal fibre-endoscopy, followed where required by the use of a modified Sengstaken tube, was studied during 84 episodes of acute bleeding in 75 patients who had evidence of portal hypertension with varices. The portal hypertension was due to alcoholic cirrhosis in 80% and to cryptogenic cirrhosis in 9% of the patients. By definition, varices were present in all patients, but in only 66% of episodes were the varices the cause of the bleed. The correct diagnosis of the source of bleeding was made at endoscopy in 89%. A Boyce modification of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was passed in 73% of the episodes of variceal bleeding. It effectively stopped the bleeding primarily in 85% of patients but was successful as a final definitive measure only in 46%. Furthermore, only 40% of the patients in whom the tube was passed, survived. Mortality rate could be related to the severity of the bleed and to hepatocellular dysfunction. Survival increased from 23% in those patients with jaundice, ascites, and encephalopathy on admission to 92% in those without these manifestations. The in-hospital survival rate was 52% in patients bleeding from varices and 64% in those bleeding from other causes, with an overall survival rate of 56%, indicating the poor prognosis in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, irrespective of the cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[The natural history of alcohol-induced pancreatitis (authors transl)].

Alcohol-induced pancreatitis (AIP), although essentially a chronic pathological disorder, covers a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes ranging from fulminating to more chronic and even painless varieties. The clinical features, complications and treatment of AIP are presented with special reference to differences between the clinically acute and chronic forms of the disease.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1975

Gastro-intestinal fibre-endoscopic polypectomy.

Gastroscopic and colonoscopic polypectomy by means of a diathermy snare has been carried out on 23 patients, without any significant morbidity. The techniques and potential complications are discussed, and it is concluded that endoscopic polypectomy is a safe and rapid procedure in experienced hands, if close attention is given to detail and if the necessary precautions are taken.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Chronic pancreatitis and alpha-1-antitrypsin.

110 patients with proven chronic pancreatitis have been studied to assess the prevalence of the various Pi phenotypes of alpha1-antitrypsin in this disease compared with a control group of 116 blood-donors. The phenotype PiMZ (including Mweak) was significantly more prevalent and PiMM significantly less so in the patients with pancreatitis. It is possible that a heterozygous deficiency of this protease inhibitor renders the pancreas more vulnerable to aetiological agents (e.g., alcohol).

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1975

Incidence of Crohn's disease at Groote Schuur Hospital during 1970-1974.

In the period 1970-1974, 45 patients with Crohn's disease were seen. The incidence of the disease seems to be increasing. Twenty-nine of the patients were White, and 16 Coloured. The disease involved the small bowel alone in 9 patients, the ileocaecal region in 17, the large bowel alone in 4 and both the small and the large bowel in 15. Alone or in combination, abdominal cramps and diarrhoea were the commonest modes of presentation. The type of therapy used is discussed. Only 10 patients in this study have not as yet required surgery. Salazopyrin, steroids, antibiotics and azathioprine have been used with varying success in the treatment of most of the patients. Crohn's disease has a high degree of morbidity, but a low mortality rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Stimuli for heptadecapeptide gastrin release: a comparison of oral and intravenous arginiine-monochloride and oxo in normal, vagotomized and antrectomized patients.

Arginine, administered intravenously, was a more potent stimulus to gastrin release than oral Oxo-feeding, while oral arginine failed to elicit a response in normal subjects. Intravenous arginine stimulated a rise in serum gastrin only in normal subjects but not in antrectomized or vagotomized patients. The gastric antrum appears to be the major site of production of heptadecapeptide gastrin and 'mini' gastrin, as measured by the anti-serum used in our radio-immunoassay.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Clinical and hormonal aspects of pancreatic diabetes.

The prevalence of diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis would appear to be increasing. In western countries this is associated with the known increase in alcohol consumption and AIP. Malnutrition may be etiologic in tropical areas. The incidence of diabetes in chronic pancreatitis is dependent on a number of factors. It is more common in alcohol-induced pancreatitis, rarely occurs after the first attack but tends to increase with time and rises markedly in calcific pancreatitis. Abnormal glucose tolerance occurred in 91% of patients with calcific pancreatitis and 70% of patients with noncalific AIP in our follow up of five to 12 years. This stresses the importance of serial regular glucose tolerance tests in these patients (Table I). The insulin-reserve is severely depleted in most patients who do not yet demonstrate abnormal glucose tolerance, indicating that pancreatitis regularly affects the islets and that nearly all patients are potential diabetics. The beta cells appear to respond better to oral glucose, glucagon or secretin than to i.v. glucose suggesting a selective glucose receptor loss or block to hyperglycemia in chronic pancreatitis. The alpha cells seem to be more resistant to the effects of chronic pancreatitis but true hypoglucagonemia was found in 16% of patients. In addition, stimulated growth hormone secretion may be deficient in pancreatic diabetes. These last two factors, among others, may be responsible for the protracted and even fatal hypoglycemia to which some patients with AIP on insulin therapy are liable. The danger of drug-induced hypoglycemia, coupled with the infrequency of vasculopathy, retinopathy and nephropathy in pancreatic diabetes has induced us to keep these patients hyperglycemic and glycosuric rather than in a sugar-free state, as long as symptoms are contained. Recurrent abdominal pain, marked weight loss and associated steatorrhea often raise special problems in the management of the pancreatic diabetic.

Acute Disease↗