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Biomedical subjects

S Balasubramaniam

Publications and source records attributed to S Balasubramaniam.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Cholesterol 7 -hydroxylase in rat liver microsomal preparations.

Subcellular fractions containing microsomes prepared from rat livers homogenized in the absence of EDTA catalysed the oxidation of cholesterol to 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol, 7-oxocholesterol, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol and 5alpha-cholestane-3beta,5,6beta-triol. These reactions required native protein, molecular oxygen and NADPH. It is suggested that these compounds are formed by a peroxidation analogous to the peroxidation of fatty acids catalysed by liver microsomal preparations. Incubations of [4-(14)C]cholesterol with microsomal preparations from rat liver homogenized in the presence of EDTA gave 7alpha-hydroxy[(14)C]cholesterol as the main product. This reaction required molecular oxygen and NADPH, and was inhibited by CO. The mass of 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol formed during the incubation was measured by a double-isotope-derivative dilution procedure. This procedure was used to assay the activity of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and to measure low concentrations of endogenous 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol in liver.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic studies with probucol in hypercholesterolaemia.

Probucol (1 g/day) was administered for 6 months to 16 hypercholesterolaemic patients previously stabilized on diet alone. Total plasma cholesterol fell by 16%, LDL cholesterol by 14% and HDL cholesterol by 41%. The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol increased by 40%. Total plasma triglycerides showed a slight upward trend. The extent of the fall in HDL cholesterol was directly proportional to the pre-treatment HDL cholesterol concentration. In 2 patients studied, treatment with Probucol produced a sustained increase in the excretion of endogenous faecal steroids, due to increased faecal bile acids. In 3 patients studied, Probucol increased the degree of cholesterol saturation in gall bladder bile. The Lithogenic Index approximated to pathological levels in 1 patient whose bile was previously relatively saturated with cholesterol. Probucol also appeared to cause a modest reduction in the degree of platelet activation in vivo, with reduced platelet prostaglandin synthesis and reduced release of platelet peptides.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

End-tidal carbon dioxide detection in emergency intubation in four groups of patients.

A prospective clinical trial was conducted at a level I trauma center to assess the efficacy of end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) detection in four groups of patients requiring emergency intubation because of cardiac arrest, major trauma, respiratory failure, or the need for airway protection. A semiquantitative, colorimetric FEF end-tidal CO2 detector (Fenem, Inc, New York, NY) was used to evaluate endotracheal versus esophageal intubation. This disposable, bedside detector registers three ranges of CO2 concentration: "A" (purple) indicates low levels and probable esophageal intubation; "B" (beige) indicates moderate levels and probable tracheal intubation with hypocarbia; "C" (yellow) indicates high levels and tracheal intubation. Clinical observation, patient response, chest x-ray films, and arterial blood gas results were used to corroborate placement of the endotracheal tube. The FEF detector was found to be 100% reliable for confirming tracheal placement when registering levels in the B and C ranges and 100% reliable for detecting esophageal intubation when registering levels in the A range. In conclusion, the FEF CO2 detector is a reliable and useful adjunct for airway management of diverse groups of patients in the emergency setting.

Adult↗