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Biomedical subjects

S Baker

Publications and source records attributed to S Baker.

234 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical study of yoga techniques in university students with asthma: a controlled study.

Adult asthmatics, ranging from 19 to 52 years from an asthma and allergy clinic in a university setting volunteered to participate in the study. The 17 students were randomly divided into yoga (9 subjects) and nonyoga control (8 subjects) groups. The yoga group was taught a set of breathing and relaxation techniques including breath slowing exercises (pranayama), physical postures (yogasanas), and meditation. Yoga techniques were taught at the university health center, three times a week for 16 weeks. All the subjects in both groups maintained daily symptom and medication diaries, collected A.M. and P.M. peak flow readings, and completed weekly questionnaires. Spirometry was performed on each subject every week. Analysis of the data showed that the subjects in the yoga group reported a significant degree of relaxation, positive attitude, and better yoga exercise tolerance. There was also a tendency toward lesser usage of beta adrenergic inhalers. The pulmonary functions did not vary significantly between yoga and control groups. Yoga techniques seem beneficial as an adjunct to the medical management of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the succinylcholine induced ocular position and the postoperative alignment in strabismus.

Succinylcholine was injected intraoperatively in 41 strabismus patients with congenital esotropia or intermittent or constant exotropia. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictive relationships between the one-, six-, and 26-week postoperative alignment and the intraoperative, succinylcholine-induced ocular position. Ocular position, determined by the interlimbal distance in millimeters, was calculated using a semi-automated, video replay analysis system. Large, statistically significant correlation coefficients were obtained for patients undergoing bimedial recessions of 4.0 to 5.5 mm and bilateral lateral rectus recessions of 5.0 to 7.0 mm. Small correlations were obtained for esotropes undergoing the recession/resection procedure and those with bimedial recessions of 6.0 mm or greater. These data support the theory that the succinylcholine-sensitive subgroup of the extraocular muscle fibers are those whose tonic contracture provide the motor component to ocular alignment. Sample sizes at present are insufficient to suggest clinical use of these data. In future research, these relationships will be tested for their ability to predict postoperative alignment and thereby, improve success rates in strabismus surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability and variability in the measurement of interlimbal distance with a semiautomated video replay analysis system (SAVRAS).

This paper reports on the reliability and variability of a semi-automated, video replay and analysis system (SAVRAS) in determining interlimbal distance in patients with strabismus. Factors under investigation were: choice of observer, choice of video frame, patient age and patient state (awake or anesthetized). It was demonstrated that SAVRAS was a highly reliable and reproducible system. This system is currently in use to evaluate the relationship between the succinylcholine induced ocular position, under anesthesia, and the postoperative awake alignment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Pendine pathways project in the independent sector.

Recruitment and retention of staff, and the drive to provide quality care are challenges currently faced by nursing and residential homes in the independent sector. This article describes an innovative approach to tackling these issues. Under a teaching company scheme, a partnership was formed between the Pendine Park Nursing Home and the Centre for Learning Development to develop care and career pathways that are specific to the independent sector.

Career Mobility↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk factors for malnutrition in 0-59-month-old infants in 2 districts of Niger].

A nutritional survey by cluster sampling at 2 degrees, carried out in April 1987 within a range of action of 6 health structures in Niger, has permitted the calculation of the weight/height index among children aged from 0 to 59 months and the malnutrition rate, according to the socio-economic status, the demographic variables, the intercurrent diseases, the use of health departments, alimentary and weaning habits. The standardized rate of acute malnutrition for the age among of 0-59 months is 12.3%. The risk factors for acute malnutrition retained after logistical regression are the age groups of 6-17 months and 18-29 months, the areas of Guidan Roumdji, Tahoua, Tajae, Guidan Sori and the group of children that have contracted diarrhea during the 15 days preceding the survey.

Anthropometry↗
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Ultrasonic evaluation of salivary glands.

Diagnostic ultrasound was used to study 40 patients undergoing excision of a major salivary gland for various disease entities. Findings were as follows: Malignant lesions showed low reflectivity and attenuation with poorly outlined or diffuse borders. Inflammation demonstrated high reflectivity and attentuation with diffuse borders. Echographic patterns from mixed tumors showed either high or medium to low reflectivity; all demonstrated low to medium attenuation and were well outlined. It appears that various diseases of the major salivary glands have different echographic patterns. An attempt to correlate the echographic patterns with the histology of the disease process was made.

Adolescent↗
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Waiting.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Experimental application of a multistep kinetic model for natural cytotoxicity: determination of rate constants for lytic programming and killer-cell-independent lysis.

A multistep kinetic model for natural cytotoxicity reactions in vitro is described that includes consideration of the effect of nonlytic target-binding lymphocytes on the experimentally determined kinetic parameters. The expression for the maximal velocity, Vmax, obtained using this model is essentially identical to that obtained using simpler models, whereas the expression for the apparent Michaelis constant, KappM, is considerably more complex. As a first step in the application of this model, experiments were designed to determine the relative contribution of some of the component terms to the value of KappM. Methods were developed that allow for experimental determination of the rate constants for both lytic programming and killer-cell-independent lysis (KCIL) steps in the cytolytic process. The results obtained support lytic programming as the rate-determining step in natural cytotoxicity reactions and demonstrate that terms related to nonlytic target-binding lymphocytes contribute significantly to experimentally determined values for KappM. In addition, the methods developed for the determination of the rates of lytic programming and KCIL should prove useful for various studies of the mechanism of cytotoxicity and the effects of drugs and disease on such phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Minority students benefit from mentoring programs.

Mentoring has been proposed as one strategy to attract minority students to the radiologic sciences profession. This case study describes a minority mentoring program conducted for pre-radiologic science students at a Midwestern university during the 1991-92 academic year. Ten minority radiologic science students enrolled in the mentoring program. The study showed that mentoring may be a viable option to serve the special needs of minorities for recruitment and retention.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detecting i.v. infiltrations using a Venoscope.

This research evaluates the Venoscope for its ability to detect infiltrations when present (sensitivity) and to detect the absence of infiltrations when not present (specificity), and compares these findings with those obtained via ultrasonography. Health adult volunteers were randomly assigned to receive or not receive an intentionally made 5-ml normal-saline infiltration. The Venoscope had a sensitivity of .92-.93 and a specificity of .89-1.0. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of .92-.93 and a specificity of .22-.25. The Venoscope, which is simple and easy to use, is a valid indicator of the presence and absence of i.v. infiltrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endotracheal tolazoline administration in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to study the effectiveness of endotracheal tolazoline (ET-Tz) in the treatment of neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN). STUDY DESIGN: ET-Tz was administered to 12 neonates with a clinical diagnosis of PPHN. The gestational age ranged from 25 to 42 weeks, and the birth weights from 850 to 3612 gm. The dose of tolazoline ranged from 1 to 2.5 mg/kg. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p < 0.005) in the mean levels of oxygen saturation and the arterial oxygen tension, and a significant decrease (p < 0.005) in the oxygenation index, between the pretolazoline and the posttolazoline groups, but arterial carbon dioxide tension did not change. After the initial analysis, the groups were subdivided into preterm and term subgroups, because we secondarily observed that the average changes from predose to postdose levels in the above parameters were significantly different (p < 0.001) in the two subgroups by Student's paired t test. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that ET-Tz is effective in improving oxygenation in neonates with PPHN, particularly sick preterm infants. The endotracheal route is preferred because it is devoid of significant side effects (e.g., hypotension and flushing). A randomized, controlled, double-blinded, multicenter trial for the use of ET-Tz in PPHN is warranted.

Administration, Inhalation↗
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Caregiver burden and coping strategies used by informal caregivers of minority women living with HIV/AIDS.

The incidence of HIV/AIDS among minority women has been reported in record numbers in inner cities. In considering the shift toward community-based care, these minority women living with HIV/AIDS (MWLWHA) are receiving care from informal caregivers in their communities. As caregivers strive to meet the needs of these women, understanding the impact on these caregivers of providing support is critical. In this qualitative study, caregiver burden and coping strategies used by informal caregivers of minority women living with HIV/AIDS were studied. Thirty-one caregivers were interviewed. Data analyses included the constant comparative method consistent with the grounded theory approach. Two caregiver groups emerged, male companion and relative/girlfriend caregivers. All caregivers reported the emotional burden of not revealing the HIV/AIDS diagnoses. Relative/girlfriend caregivers had similar burdens related to the children of the women; their social networks, health and finances. Maintaining a physical exercise regimen and a spiritual focus were coping strategies use by all caregivers. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗