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Biomedical subjects

S Baker

Publications and source records attributed to S Baker.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of hospitalization between nursing home and community residents.

The authors prospectively identified 96 consecutive nursing home residents (NHR) admitted to the medical wards of their affiliated hospitals to determine the outcome of hospitalization for these patients in comparison with 88 admissions in a similarly aged community residents (CR) population. Nursing home and community resident groups were similar in age, sex, marital status, and distribution among the four study hospitals. Dementia was a more common preexisting diagnosis in NHR than in CR. Reasons for admission differed between the two groups. Although NHR experienced a longer hospitalization than CR, frequency and duration of intensive care unit admissions were similar. Fatal outcome occurred more commonly in NHR compared with CR (27 v 11%, P less than .001). Predictors of mortality were examined. Nursing home residents also experienced a higher mortality than CR within the six months after hospitalization (35 v 20%, P less than .005).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Basaloid follicular hamartoma: three cases with localized and systematized unilateral lesions.

Two patients having a localized plaque of alopecia on the scalp, and one with a systematized unilateral epithelial nevus exhibited a histologically distinctive form of follicular hamartoma. In the affected areas individual hair follicles were replaced, or were associated with solid strands and branching cords of undifferentiated basaloid cells, filled in between by fibrous stroma resembling either a miniature premalignant fibroepithelial tumor of Pinkus, a small trichoepithelioma, or a basal cell epithelioma. The relation between these 3 patients and cases reported as linear unilateral basal cell nevus with comedones and generalized hair follicle hamartoma associated with myasthenia gravis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone metabolism and extraction by the perfused guinea pig placenta.

This report describes the extraction of synthetic TRH and its metabolic conversion in the perfused guinea pig placenta. These studies were performed to obtain an estimate of fractional fetal TRH losses through the placenta and to determine if some of these losses are due to TRH metabolism. The in situ guinea pig placenta was perfused through an umbilical artery for 90 min, and placental effluent fractions were collected at timed intervals from the umbilical vein. Experiments were performed in which the perfusion buffer contained 0.01, 1, and 10 micrograms/ml or no synthetic TRH. Synthetic TRH was always perfused in the presence of 3H2O. In experiments in which TRH was perfused, the perfusion reservoir contents and placental effluent fractions were counted for 3H, and TRH and deamido-TRH were determined by RIA. Similarly, cyclo(His-Pro) was measured when 10 micrograms/ml TRH were perfused. When no TRH was perfused, the perfusion reservoir and placental effluent contents were processed to determine their content of TRH immunoreactivity. When synthetic TRH was perfused, steady state TRH concentrations were achieved in placental effluent fractions by 20-30 min. The single pass extraction of TRH by the placenta was 11.4 +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SE) compared to 56.9 +/- 7.0% for 3H2O (P less than 0.001). No significant difference was detected regardless of whether 10, 1, or 0.01 micrograms/ml TRH were perfused. A portion of the TRH that perfused the placenta was converted to deamido-TRH at all concentrations of perfused TRH. No conversion of TRH to cyclo(His-Pro) was noted when the highest concentration (10 micrograms/ml) of TRH was perfused. The conversion of TRH to TRH-OH was 4.2 +/- 0.7% in a single pass. When the perfusion buffer was devoid of synthetic TRH, a small but significant increase in the content of TRH immunoreactivity was noted in the placental effluent compared to that in the perfusion reservoir. This was not large enough to affect calculations of the placental extraction of TRH. These studies, in addition to demonstrating that the placenta contains TRH deamidase activity, suggest that losses of fetal TRH through the placenta are not large. They do not support the current impression, based on the fetal TSH response to maternal TSH administration, that the placenta is freely permeable to TRH.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunologic selection of hemopoietic precursor cells utilizing antibody-mediated plate binding ("panning").

We utilized the property of antibody adherence to plastic to separate and obtain enriched fractions of human myeloid (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E) and pluripotent (CFU-GEMM) hemopoietic precursor cells. Nonadherent buoyant human marrow cells coated with mouse anti-human HLA-DR monoclonal antibody (Mc ab), an anti-pan T lymphocyte Mc ab (Leu 1/17F12) or a granulocyte--monocyte-specific Mc ab (MCS2) were incubated on polystyrene Petri plates coated with affinity purified goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG). Cells bound to the coated plates and nonbound cells were separately recovered ("panned") by differential elution. Analysis of the nonadherent buoyant marrow cells demonstrated 12% to possess HLA-DR, 6% T, 40% MCS2 antigens on their surface by indirect immunofluorescence (IMF). After panning, 15% +/- 8%, 14% +/- 4% and 8% +/- 6% cells were plate-bound by their respective antibodies, demonstrating differing binding efficiencies. A substantial degree of purity of the recovered cell fractions was shown for bound 74% +/- 6% and 75% +/- 5% IMF positive cells) and nonbound cells (3% +/- 1% and 0.1% +/- 0.8% positive cells) coated with anti-HLA-DR or anti-T Mc ab respectively, with lesser purity for MCS2 panned cells. Seventy-three percent to 126% CFU recovery was noted, with a sevenfold enrichment of the HLA-DR bound cells for CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM, and 3.5-fold enrichment for BFU-E. Sequential panning, obtaining T nonbound-DR bound-surface immunoglobulin nonbound fractions, resulted in tenfold CFU-GM enrichment (107/10(4) cells, approximately equal to 1/100). Anti-MCS2 antibody was ineffective for panning, but use of this antibody in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) indicated the absence of the MCS2 antigen on the vast majority of CFU-GM. This study describes a relatively rapid and inexpensive method for obtaining enriched antigenically defined hemopoietic precursors in high yield. These techniques should prove useful for more clearly evaluating cellular and humoral interactions with hemopoietic precursor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The 8-hour metabolic profile after drinking ethanol.

The acute metabolic changes after drinking ethanol have been studied in 11 fasting, healthy, nonobese, medical students, 6 of whom consumed 40 g ethanol diluted with 750 ml of a sugar-free soft drink over 1 h. The other 5 drank the same volume of soft drink alone. Blood levels of ethanol, glucose, immunoreactive insulin and growth hormone were measured over the ensuing 8 h, as well as the plasma concentrations of prolactin, cortisol and triiodothyronine. After ingesting ethanol, the mean plasma glucose concentration declined, but not to hypoglycemic levels (the nadir was 3.9 mmol/l at 6 h), insulin levels fell gradually and the mean growth hormone concentration showed a modest late rise. Other hormones did not change significantly. We conclude that, in the particular setting examined, the oral administration of ethanol does not cause hypoglycemia or other adverse effects on carbohydrate metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A survey of elementary school health education in West Virginia.

The Elementary School Health Education Survey was conducted to determine the health knowledge, health practices, and awareness of the consequences of health behavior of selected elementary school students in West Virginia. An 80-item, multiple-choice inventory was developed to collect student data, and a questionnaire-checklist was employed for each classroom teacher whose students participated in the survey. The survey involved 1,441 students from 85 classrooms in 35 schools. The results indicated a need for mandated health instruction as part of the elementary school curriculum and a need for graduate course work in Health Education for elementary school teachers.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Safety of multiple bolus loading of intravenous disopyramide.

Although a single intravenous bolus of disopyramide is an effective antiarrhythmic, side effects occur in some patients. We tested the safety of multiple bolus loading for intravenous disopyramide in 10 patients with frequent premature ventricular beats. Concurrent with a 1.0 mg/kg/hr infusion, a bolus of 0.5 mg/kg of disopyramide was given over 5 minutes. Up to three additional boluses were given 5 minutes after the first bolus unless a 50% reduction in premature ventricular beats or side effects occurred. The infusion was continued for 3 hours and was then decreased to 0.4 mg/kg/hr for 15 hours. All patients had a 50% reduction in premature ventricular beats and attained therapeutic blood levels. Three patients with a history of controlled congestive heart failure developed either hypotension or pulmonary edema. Hypotension and pulmonary edema following intravenous disopyramide is more related to the pharmacology of the drug than to the loading scheme employed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 4'-substituted spiro[4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4,4'-piperidin]-2(1H)-ones.

A series of 4'-substituted spiro[4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4,4'-piperidin]-2(1H)-ones was prepared and evaluated for antihypertensive activity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The basic ring system was prepared in one step by condensation of dilithiated (tert-butoxycarbonyl)aniline (3) with (tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidinone. Deprotection afforded 6, which was condensed with expoxides or alkyl halides to furnish the title compounds. The most active compound was dl-erythro-4'-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]spiro [4H-3,1-benzoxazine-4,4'-piperidin]-2(1H)-one (9), and various modifications of this compound were made in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationships in the series. Preliminary indications are that 9 may act by both central and peripheral mechanisms.

Animals↗