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Biomedical subjects

S B Rao

Publications and source records attributed to S B Rao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of 5-substituted benzylideneaminosalicylic acid on carrageenan-induced ulcerative colitis.

Mesalazine, a drug of choice in the management of ulcerative colitis, was chemically modified as 5-(E)-substituted benzylideneaminosalicylic acid by condensing 5-aminosalicylic acid with selected aryl aldehydes with an intention to improve its pharmacological profile. The tests were performed to study their anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced ulcerative colitis in albino rats. The histopathological findings, serum transaminase level and lipid peroxide content in the intestine and liver were taken as indices of pharmacological activity. The azomethine derivative formed from salicylaldehyde (5-ASASB3) was found to have maximum activity and it reversed the disease symptoms in experimental animals The azomethine derivative markedly reduces the ulcerative colitis when compared with parent molecule, mesalazine.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed2002

Multiparametric quantitation of the perilesional region in patients with healed or healing solitary cysticercus granuloma.

The purpose of this study was to compute T2 values and magnetization transfer (MT) ratios in the perilesional region of healing and healed cysticercus granulomas to determine if there are T2 abnormalities not apparent on conventional T2-weighted imaging and to determine the relationship between seizure control and the quantitative measures. Sixty-three patients were studied. T2 values and MT ratios were computed for the perilesional region and were compared with measurements from the contralateral normal-appearing region. A significantly increased T2 value was found for the perilesional region compared to the corresponding contralateral region despite the absence of qualitative abnormality on conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. For patients showing normal-appearing perilesional regions on MT imaging, there was no significant difference in T2 and MT ratios between the perilesional and the normal contralateral regions. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between perilesional T2 values and MT ratios, suggesting each was associated with perilesional gliosis. The study illustrates that quantitative evaluation of MT ratios and T2 augments the qualitative visual assessment of the perilesional region in healing or healed cysticercus granulomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of occupational workers exposed to low levels of ionising radiation.

The incidence of chromosomal aberrations was analysed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of occupationally exposed people having cumulative doses of 500 mSv. The exposed individuals showed higher frequencies of dicentrics as well as acentrics than normal controls. Absorbed radiation dose was calculated by using in vitro dose response curve established for Cobalt-60 gamma rays. In the control constituting 17 healthy individuals, two dicentrics were detected among 3700 metaphases analysed. In the exposed group 27 dicentrics and one centric ring was detected among 8400 metaphases analysed. Due to small number of dicentrics scored in each individual, the dose estimate suffers from a large statistical uncertainty. The collective dose was found to be 1.89 Gy. This is in good agreement with the corrected physical doses, assuming a mean life of 10 years for the disappearance of lymphocytes. The physical doses accumulated during the last 10 years of occupation were also in good agreement with the biological dose estimate.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

In vitro studies on peroxidative changes leading to hemolysis of erythrocytes infested with malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax.

Blood erythrocytes of 25 confirrhed malarial patients infested with P. vivax were analyzed for peroxidation and hemolysis and results compared with 10 uninfected normal control samples. Results indicated significant increase in peroxide formation measured as malondialdehyde, both in presence and absence of H2O2, in parasite infested erythrocytes. These changes induced hemolysis of infected erythrocytes which was increased manifold in presence of H2O2 and could probably be the reason for extensive anemia reported in malaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Traumatic bone cyst--a case report.

Traumatic bone cyst is an asymptomatic, slow growing, non expansile lesion commonly diagnosed during routine radiographic examination of the jaw bones. It is more frequently seen in young age, with predilection for anterior region of the mandible leading to a dramatic healing of the lesion. A typical case of traumatic bone cyst in a 12 year old girl is reported. A routine radiologic assessment of the patient with panoramic radiograph revealed a fairly large lesion in the anterior region of the mandible. On surgical exploration, clinical diagnosis was confirmed. Post operative successive radiograph shows progressive osseous healing.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Prevention of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in mice by Picrorhiza kurrooa.

OBJECTIVE: Picrorhiza kurrooa (Pk) has been used in liver diseases in the Indian indigenous system of medicine. We undertook this study to determine whether Pk extract possesses hepatoprotective function and if so to determine its nature and mechanism. METHODS: Liver injury was induced in 16 mice by thrice-a-week injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for nine weeks. Eight of them were given daily feeding of Pk extract (12 mg/Kg) 10 days prior to CCl4 injection. Control mice (n = 6) were injected with olive oil for the same period. Serum markers of liver injury and histology of liver tissues were studied. Hepatic glutathione (GSH), total thiol (-SH), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), catalase, lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane-bound Na+/K+ ATPase were also determined. RESULTS: CCl4 treatment resulted in significant elevation of serum ALT and AST. Liver GSH [6.3 (0.7) vs control 10.5 (1.1) micrograms/mg protein], -SH, G6PD, catalase and membrane-bound Na+/K+ AT-Pase [164.3 (23.2) vs control 358.4 (12.9) nmole pi released/min/mg protein] were significantly reduced. Significant increase of lipid peroxidation [3.0 (0.6) vs control 1.0 (0.3) nmole MDA/mg protein] and histologic changes characteristic of liver injury were also seen. Feeding of Pk extract in CCl4-treated mice caused significantly less alteration of serum ALT, AST, liver GSH [8.9 (0.7) micrograms/mg protein], -SH, G6PD, catalase and membrane-bound Na+/K+ ATPase [270.8 (21.3) nmole pi released/min/mg protein]. Histologic lesions of liver and lipid peroxidation [1.7 (0.4) nmole MDA/mg protein] were also significantly less in these animals. CONCLUSION: The extract of Pk appears to offer significant protection against liver damage by CCl4. It probably acts as free-radical scavenger and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation of liver plasma membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Use of chitosan as a biomaterial: studies on its safety and hemostatic potential.

Chitosan, a mucopolysaccharide of marine origin, was studied for its safety and hemostatic potential. Its surface was treated with glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, and plasma glow discharge to elicit effects of enzyme degradation. Of the seven enzymes used, leucine amino peptidase caused maximum degradation. Autoclaving appeared to be an ideal sterilizing method as it caused least decrease in tensile strength and effected a negligible rate of hemolysis. Sterilizing with glutaraldehyde with a physiologic pH retained the maximum tensile strength of chitosan. In vivo toxicity tests indicated that it is nontoxic, and the sterilized films were free of pyrogen. Coagulation and hemagglutination tests showed that the hemostatic mechanism of chitosan seems to be independent of the classical coagulation cascade and appears to be an interaction between the cell membrane of erythrocytes and chitosan.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Structural studies on bovine bioprosthetic tissues and their in vivo calcification: prevention via drug delivery.

Cardiovascular calcification, the formation of calcium phosphate deposits in cardiovascular tissue, is a common end-stage phenomenon affecting a wide variety of bioprostheses. To study the process of calcification in tissue prosthetics, glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium, dura mater and fascialata were implanted subcutaneously in rats and retrieved 21 days later and thereby morphological findings were correlated with biochemically determined levels of calcium. Transmission electron microscopy showed that calcification primarily involved the surface of collagen fibrils and the interfibrillar spaces. The deposition of calcium was higher with dura and fascia prostheses compared to pericardium. However, the release of Fe3+ ions from chitosan matrix had substantially inhibited the deposits of calcium in all implanted tissues. It seems that the structural and anatomical features of the tissue is one of the important factors for tissue-associated calcification. It is also confirmed that glutaraldehyde-preserved pericardium is the most suitable material for the development of cardiac prosthesis, with an appropriate drug combination therapy for prevention of pathological calcification.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Triquetrohamate arthrodesis for midcarpal instability.

To assess our results in the management of midcarpal instability with limited wrist arthrodesis, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 10 patients (11 wrists) who had undergone triquetrohamate arthrodesis for symptomatic midcarpal instability. Diagnosis was based on ulnar-side wrist pain, maximum tenderness over the triquetrohamate joint, and characteristic findings on cineradiographic examination. In nine patients, the proximal carpal row suddenly snapped into extension as the wrist was manipulated from radial to ulnar deviation. In one patient (both wrists), the distal carpal row could be dorsally subluxed by direct pressure and axial compression. Both these maneuvers reproduced the patients' symptoms. All cases had failed to improve with prior nonoperative treatment or soft tissue reconstruction. Triquetrohamate arthrodesis was performed to provide midcarpal joint stability. The follow-up time averaged 26 months (range, 6-72). There were two excellent, four good, three fair, and two poor results. Compared to the contralateral side, range of motion averaged 55% flexion, 69% extension, 61% radial deviation, and 64% ulnar deviation, and grip strength averaged 64%. The stability provided by triquetrohamate arthrodesis failed to control symptoms in almost 50% of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Sterilization of chitosan: implications.

Chitosan, a biopolysaccharide having structural characteristics similar to glycosaminoglycans, seems to be an ideal non-toxic and bioabsorbable biopolymer. This study highlights the effects of some physical and chemical methods of sterilization on chitosan films, in retaining the original tensile strength besides the efficacy of sterility and degree of hemolysis of the finished films.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Median nerve entrapment after dislocation of the elbow in children. A report of 2 cases and review of literature.

Median nerve injury after elbow dislocation is uncommon. Reported are 2 cases of median nerve paralysis caused by entrapment within the elbow joint. For both patients, the diagnosis was made several months after the injury at surgical exploration. This complication occurs almost exclusively in the skeletally immature. A median nerve deficit after reduction of an elbow dislocation in children, especially when associated with a medial epicondylar fracture, should be an indication for surgical exploration and release of the entrapped nerve.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Anorexigenic effect of fecal extract from ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesioned rats on normal rats.

Feces of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lesioned obese and sham operated (SL) rats were separately pooled and subjected to column chromatography using sephadex G-150. Fractions showing peak absorption at 280 nm, obtained from respective group of rats were separately pooled and divided into 9 equal aliquots and injected ip in two groups of overnight fasted normal rats (OFN rats). Rats injected with fecal extract from VMH lesioned rats showed decreased food and water intake which was not seen in rats treated with the fecal extract from SL rats suggesting the possible presence of an anorexigenic substance in the feces of VMH lesioned rats but absent in SL rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Use of glutaraldehyde-gentamicin-treated bovine pericardium as a wound dressing.

Glutaraldehyde (GA)-pretreated gentamicin post-fixed bovine pericardium has been evaluated as a wound dressing in this study. Two excisions approximately 7 x 4 cm, each of full thickness skin, from the upper and lower parts down to, but not including, the panniculus carnosus were made from the back of the guinea pig. The skin excised from the upper part was placed on the wound bed of the lower part as an autograft, whereas the upper wound was closed using 5% sodium chloride-trypsin-0.1% GA-0.048% gentamicin-treated bovine pericardium and sutured for comparative study. The wounds were inspected every 3-6 d for infection and exudation. Histopathological studies were performed at weekly intervals in the post-operative period. At the fifth week, a very thin linear scar on the epidermal aspect without remarkable contracture was observed and histopathology showed the completion of epithelization across the wounds in all cases. This study demonstrates that GA-pretreated, gentamicin-post-fixed bovine pericardium may be used as an alternative biological dressing in the case of large wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of calcification of tissue valves.

In this study an attempt was made to find an optimum method of chemical treatment to prevent the calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves. Bovine pericardium was washed in a 5% sodium chloride solution followed by trypsin (Tr) treatment and was kept in 0.1% glutaraldehyde (GA) with a gradual increase in concentration up to 0.25% GA and finally posttreated with a 4% chitosan (Ch) solution. Fresh, 0.2% GA, 0.625% GA, and sodium chloride-Tr-GA treated pericardial samples were taken for comparative study. Tensile testing showed comparable strength and elongation at the breaking point for all groups. The thermal shrinkage studies indicated merit of the proposed treatment (5% sodium chloride-trypsin-glutaraldehyde treated pericardia with chitosan and without chitosan posttreatment). Collagenase assay showed that all differently treated (GA) materials were equally resistant to collagenase. All samples were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks for calcification study. Morphological and mineral analyses showed complete prevention of calcification in sodium chloride-trypsin-GA-chitosan treated pericardium (Ca was 1.1 +/- 0.27 mg/g, von Kossa 0) at the 12th week of implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. Upper limb involvement with associated osteochondroma.

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica is a rare developmental disorder characterized by an osteocartilaginous outgrowth arising from 1 or more epiphyses. This condition is generally confined to the lower limb and usually involves either the medial or lateral side of an epiphysis. Reported here is an atypical case that involved the upper extremity and was associated with a typical metaphyseal osteochondroma in the same limb. The occurrence of histologically identical lesions at 2 different sites suggests that the lesions were different modes of expression of the same pathologic process.

Arm↗