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Biomedical subjects

S B Perlman

Publications and source records attributed to S B Perlman.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Osteosarcoma arising in Paget's disease of the calvarium.

Paget's disease of the bone occasionally transforms into sarcomatous tumors such as osteosarcoma. While Paget's disease demonstrates markedly increased uptake of bone scanning radiopharmaceutical, osteosarcomas complicating this condition often show decreased uptake. An unusual scan appearance of the osteosarcoma is presented in which the tumor showed intense uptake of the tracer on the bone scan. The extent of the sarcoma as delineated by the bone scan corresponded closely to the size of the lesion as seen on computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and was confirmed at surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The accumulation of a platelet protein, thrombospondin, at the site of arterial thrombus formation: preliminary report.

There are many methods available for the detection of thrombosis, none of which are noninvasive, rapid and accurate. Thrombospondin is a platelet protein that is present in the developing thrombus and may be an effective substance to use for imaging thrombosis. Vascular stenosis and thrombosis were produced in coronary, carotid and femoral arteries in eleven adult mongrel dogs. 131I labeled thrombospondin was administered to each animal to determine whether the radiotracer accumulated at the site of thrombus formation. The radioactivity per gram of vessels with thrombi was significantly different from the control vessels or whole blood (p = 0.0037 and p = 0.0015, respectively, paired t-test). This preliminary work suggests that iodinated thrombospondin accumulates at the site of thrombus formation. Labeled thrombospondin may be a rapid, safe and accurate method of detecting arterial thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Limits of the comprehensive services model: the case of adolescent pregnancy programs.

During the past 15 to 20 years a comprehensive services model, incorporating health, social, and educational components, has been the preferred mechanism for addressing the problems associated with adolescent pregnancy. This paper offers an assessment of the model based on a study of ten communities in four states. The widely recognized service needs of pregnant teenagers give the model a compelling logic, but we find inherent obstacles that seriously constrain its implementation. These constraints are exacerbated in an era of social welfare cutbacks. We conclude that short-term local service programs, although better than no services at all, are unlikely to meet their objectives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Medical imaging of the parathyroid glands.

In patients with hyperparathyroidism, the detection and localization of parathyroid lesions can aid the surgeon preoperatively and prior to re-exploration if the initial surgery fails. Computed tomography, ultrasound, and radionuclide scintigraphy are currently most commonly used to evaluate the parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroidism. This article will review the experience, techniques, and advantages of these respective imaging modalities in the evaluation of parathyroid lesions.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

The rim sign: association with acute cholecystitis.

In a retrospective analysis of 218 hepatobiliary studies in patients clinically suspected of acute cholecystitis, a rim of increased hepatic activity adjacent to the gallbladder fossa (the "rim sign") has been evaluated as a scintigraphic predictor of confirmed acute cholecystitis. Of 28 cases with pathologic confirmation of acute cholecystitis in this series, 17 (60%) demonstrated this sign. When associated with nonvisualization of the gallbladder at 1 hr, the positive predictive value of this photon-intense rim for acute cholecystitis was 94%. When the rim sign was absent, the positive predictive value of nonvisualization of the gallbladder at 1 hr for acute cholecystitis was only 36%. As this sign was always seen during the first hour postinjection, it can, when associated with nonvisualization, reduce the time required for completion of an hepatobiliary examination in suspected acute cholecystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Hepatitis B in Wisconsin male prisoners: considerations for serologic screening and vaccination.

To develop a protocol for prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in Wisconsin prisons, we interviewed 619 male prisoners at incarceration to obtain information on hepatitis B risk factors. We defined previous infections by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Logistic regression was used to develop a model of relative risk (RR) of HBV infection. Use of illicit intravenous (IV) drugs was the most important risk factor because of a high prevalence of IV drug use and an RR which ranged from 2.93-7.47. Other important risk factors were: prior hepatitis or jaundice (RR = 6.28), race (RR = 2.54 for Blacks, RR = 3.28 for Latinos), transfusion (RR = 3.00), and age. Previous imprisonment was not an independent risk factor for HBV, hence selective serologic screening and vaccination of prisoners are justified rather than mass screening and vaccination. Based upon prevalence of hepatitis B markers in subgroups, it is necessary to screen prisoners with prior hepatitis or jaundice, prior transfusion, and users of IV drugs. The identification of HBsAg carriers by such screening could prevent infection of "household" contacts. Users of IV drugs who are susceptible to HBV infection should be vaccinated. The remaining prisoners constitute a low-risk group for HBV infection and do not require serologic screening or vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technetium 94m-labeled methoxyisobutyl isonitrile: dosimetry and resting cardiac imaging with positron emission tomography.

BACKGROUND: Development of a positron-emitting form of technetium has allowed the imaging of technetium radiopharmaceuticals with positron emission tomography (PET). We used 94mTc to compare the distribution of the myocardial perfusion agent sestamibi at rest with the conventional PET perfusion tracer 13N-labeled ammonia (13N-ammonia). METHODS AND RESULTS: Dosimetry calculations were performed with the known whole-body distribution of 99mTc-labeled sestamibi. Dynamic PET imaging of 13N-ammonia and 94mTc-labeled sestamibi (94mTc-sestamibi) for 32 minutes was performed in eight patients with previous myocardial infarction. Initial myocardial and extramyocardial distribution of 94mTc-sestamibi was compared with that of 13N-ammonia by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Quantitative comparison of the two tracers was performed with region-of-interest analysis and circumferential profiles. Qualitatively, the cardiac distribution of the tracers was similar in normal and infarcted myocardium. A decrease in the definition of the epicardial and endocardial borders of the heart was seen with 94mTc-sestamibi, presumably because of the lower dose of radionuclide injected. Quantitatively, there was no difference in infarct size, defined prospectively as tracer activity less than 20% of maximum activity for the section, between the two tracers. Circumferential profile analysis with 12-degree radial sections similarly demonstrated no difference in regional cardiac distribution of the tracers. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed no significant difference in myocardial uptake compared with 13N-ammonia suggesting that the myocardial uptake of sestamibi correlates with that of myocardial perfusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

123I-iodoamphetamine SPECT brain imaging in alternating hemiplegia.

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is an unusual disorder characterized by early onset (occurring before 18 months of age); repeated attacks of hemiplegia involving both sides of the body; other paroxysmal phenomena, such as tonic stiffening, dystonic posturing, choreoathetoid movements, ocular motor abnormalities, and autonomic disturbances, in association with bouts of hemiplegia or occurring independently; and evidence of mental or neurologic deficits. A girl was examined because of left hemiplegia at the age of 16 months. The patient had begun exhibiting episodes of alternating hemiplegia at approximately 4 months of age. They consisted of tonic stiffening and dystonia of the right or left extremities, lasting from 30 min to several hours and followed by residual hemiparesis. They were invariably accompanied by ocular motor abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and angiography all were normal. Single proton emission computed tomography brain images during an acute episode of right hemiplegia demonstrated hypoperfusion of the left cerebral hemisphere. Following improvement of the hemiplegia, the patient was re-evaluated. The uptake of the radiotracer in the left hemisphere was increased. The scan did not demonstrate significant asymmetry in cerebral perfusion.

Amphetamines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of socioeconomic data to predict teenage birth rates. An exploratory study in Massachusetts.

In an exploratory study of adolescent fertility in 24 Massachusetts cities, age-specific birth rates constructed specifically for the study constituted the dependable variables. Data from the 1980 U.S. Census provided the independent socioeconomic variables for the analysis. The relationships between birth rates and these independent variables were explored through simple and partial correlation analyses. Results of the analyses confirm the assumption that rates of birth to teenagers vary systematically in relation to socioeconomic variables. They also confirm at the macro level the results of several earlier household survey showing an association between family income on the one hand, and adolescent sexual activity, contraception, and abortion on the other. In the current study, economic variables, particularly the median income of all families in the community, were found to be highly significant predictors of fertility among adolescents 15 to 19 years of age. The fertility of the generation to which the teenagers' mothers belonged (that is, women 35 to 44 years old) was also significantly associated with the teenagers' birth rates. The results for teenage mothers 15 through 17 years old and teenage mothers 18 and 19 years old were similar.

Adolescent↗