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Biomedical subjects

S B Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to S B Jensen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Interactions between oral contraceptives and other drugs].

Failures of oral contraceptives are possible when combined with rifampicin or antiepileptics, especially phenobarbitone and phenytoin. The mode of action is shown by clinical trials to be due to induction of hepatic enzymes thus increasing the steroid metabolism. Failure or oral contraceptives has occurred with the concomitant use of antibiotics, i.e. ampicillin and sulfonamides. Clinical trials have focused upon the changes in the intestinal flora induced by antibiotics. This might influence the enterohepatic circulation of estrogen and thereby decrease reabsorption of estrogen, but this has not been definitely proved. The failures may be caused by individual pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptives are able to influence the pharmacodynamics of various other drugs metabolized by oxidation or conjugation but besides an increased pharmacological effect of prednisolone and increased toxicity of imipramine the clinical importance is uncertain.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

The impact of measurement errors on the diagnostic value of bone mass measurements: theoretical considerations.

It has become clear over the last decade that correlations between measurements of forearm bone mineral content (BMCarm) by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and measurements of spinal bone mineral density (BMDspine) by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) in healthy subjects and patients with spinal fractures are invariably significant, but not very powerful (i.e. r = 0.5-0.7). Nonetheless, several recent studies have shown that appendicular bone mass measurements discriminate between spinal fracture and non-fracture at least as well as do spinal DPA measurements. Correlations of a given parameter with measured BMDspine are less important than those with true BMDspine. To establish the latter we made the following assumptions: (1) accuracy errors or SPA BMCarm and DPA BMDspine measurements of 2%-4% and 8%-10%, respectively; and (2) a measured biological variation of SD = 14% for both BMCarm and BMDspine, corresponding to that of healthy women at the menopause. On these assumptions, we found that a correlation between true BMCarm and true BMDspine at about r = 0.8-0.9 yields a correlation between measured BMCarm and measured BMDspine at about r = 0.6--corresponding to experimental data in healthy women at the menopause. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between DPA measured BMDspine and true BMDspine is about the same as that between the SPA measured BMCarm and the true BMDspine. Thus, with the assumptions given above, spinal (DPA) and fore-arm (SPA) measurements appears to predict equally the true BMDspine in healthy perimenopausal women.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1991

Serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins during postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy combined with either 19-nortestosterone derivatives or 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives.

PURPOSE: To study the influence of combined hormone replacement therapy on levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-nine healthy early postmenopausal women selected by means of a questionnaire, a medical examination, and a laboratory screening procedure to be a representative sample of postmenopausal Danish women aged 45 to 55 years old were randomized to four treatment and two placebo groups. The four groups receiving hormone replacement therapy were given 2 mg estradiol valerate equivalents (E), either sequentially combined with 75 micrograms levonorgestrel (E/LNG), 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (E/MPA), or 150 micrograms desogestrel (E/DG), or continuously combined with 1 mg cyproterone acetate (E/CPA). Serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were measured before institution of hormone replacement therapy and at nine well-defined times during the following 84 days. Total response and cyclical variations were calculated. RESULTS: All active treatment regimens reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly: E/CPA, 6% (95% confidence limits 0.3% to 11.3%); E/LNG, 10.9% (4.9% to 16.6%); E/MPA, 14.4% (7.4% to 20.9%); E/DG, 10.7% (3.3% to 17.6%). The changes in serum total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were similar but smaller than those in LDL-C. None of these treatment regimens induced significant overall changes in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1). The sequentially combined hormone treatments induced significant cyclical variations in HDL-C, with an increase during estrogen therapy and a decrease during combined therapy: E/LNG, 13.3% (7.4% to 19.4%); E/MPA, 6.9% (1.6% to 12.6%); E/DG, 10.3% (5.8% to 14.9%). No cyclical changes in HDL-C were found in the group receiving continuously combined hormone replacement therapy (E/CPA). The changes in Apo A1 parallel those in HDL-C. CONCLUSION: All the treatment regimens produced changes in levels of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins that may be considered favorable in terms of cardiovascular disease.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

[Refugees' encounter with the Danish psychiatric system].

Recently, Western clinicians have met an increasing number of victims of organized violence who, as political refugees, have sought asylum here. On basis of literature-studies and research carried out by the authors, the article gives an overview of present knowledge about the composition of the refugee population in Denmark, and the need of psychiatric/psychological assistance. The most common presenting symptoms of traumatized refugees are related to traumatic stress-conditions, sometimes accompanied by acute outbursts of affect, psycho-somatic complaints, substance abuse or psychotic break-down. The relevance of the concept of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for the field of refugee treatment is briefly described, and possible offers of therapy, including Post-Traumatic Therapy (PTT), are discussed. Some immediate questions facing psychiatry are raised, the need of a co-ordination of treatment offers is pointed out, and directions for further development of clinical practice and research are proposed.

Denmark↗
PubMed1990

Sexual dysfunction in male and female patients with epilepsy: a study of 86 outpatients.

Sexual dysfunction is a well-known complication of chronic somatic illness. Eighty-six consecutive epileptic outpatients, 38 men and 48 women, without accompanying disorders, were studied. The frequency and symptoms of sexual dysfunction were compared with results from previous studies using identical sexological methodology. The previous studies were of diabetic patients and healthy controls. Eight percent of the epileptic men reported a sexual dysfunction compared to 44% of the diabetics and 13% of the controls. Epileptic women, diabetic women, and controls showed no significant differences in sexual dysfunction (29%, 28%, and 25%, respectively). In both sexes, the sexual function measured by frequencies of coitus and masturbation was normal. Most patients had good control of epileptic attacks on a treatment of monotherapy. Hormonal status was generally within normal limits in both men and women; only a few minor differences were found and they showed no correlation with sexual dysfunction. Psychologically and socially the patients did not differ appreciably from normals, and they exhibited a high degree of disease acceptance. This study, using a biopsychosocial approach in understanding sexual dysfunctions, is in contrast with previous, mainly uncontrolled, studies of epileptic patients that reported high frequencies of "hyposexuality" in males. We conclude that epilepsy does not necessarily increase the risk of sexual dysfunction in male or female.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Time-dependent variations in bone turnover parameters during 2 months' cyclic treatment with different doses of combined estrogen and progestogen in postmenopausal women.

We determined the time-dependent variations in biochemical estimates of bone resorption and bone formation in 30 healthy postmenopausal women treated for two consecutive cycles of 28 days with a sequential estrogen/gestagen therapy. The women received either 1, 2, or 4 mg estradiol (E2) for 22 days and 1 mg norethisterone acetate (NETA) from day 13 to 22 of each cycle. Blood samples were drawn twice a week, ie, 16 blood samples in each woman. Biochemical estimates of bone resorption (fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine, fasting urinary calcium/creatinine) decreased significantly during the two treatment cycles. In contrast, there was no overall decrease in bone formation parameters (plasma bone Gla protein [pBGP], serum alkaline phosphatase), and serum alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly during the estrogen-only phase, but increased during the E2 plus NETA phase. The present study supports our previous suggestion that NETA stimulates bone formation in early postmenopausal women.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serum bone Gla protein: a potential marker of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and the response to GH therapy.

Serum bone Gla protein (BGP), a sensitive and specific biochemical marker of bone formation, was measured in 66 children deficient in GH before and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment with biosynthetic human GH. Initial serum BGP levels were significantly lower than those of normal age-matched children. After 3 months of treatment, the mean serum BGP level had increased to normal. There was no relation between baseline serum BGP and the growth response, but the GH-induced increment in serum BGP levels at 3 months was highly significantly related to growth response after 12 months of therapy. The study shows that serum BGP could be a helpful biochemical marker in prediction of the growth response to long term GH therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Stress urinary incontinence and posterior bladder suspension defects. Results of vaginal repair versus Burch colposuspension.

Vaginal repair has been recommended in cases of stress urinary incontinence and posterior bladder suspension defect diagnosed by colpocysto-urethrography. Thirty-eight women with stress urinary incontinence and posterior suspension defect have been treated. First, 19 women underwent a vaginal repair. In a second period, another 19 consecutive patients had a colposuspension a.m. Burch. The patients have been evaluated 6 months postoperatively and at a long-term follow-up. No significant difference was found postoperatively in the frequency of symptoms and signs of stress incontinence, either after 6 months or at the long-term follow-up. A significantly smaller frequency of genital prolapse was found in the colposuspension group at long-term follow-up. No side effects such as frequency, urgency or bacteriuria were evident in the group treated by colposuspension. With reservation to the non-randomized allocation, it may be concluded that a radiographic distinction between anterior and posterior bladder suspension defects in choosing the surgical approach is unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Vitamin D metabolites--relation to age, menopause and endometriosis.

We investigated the influence of menopause, age and sex on vitamin D metabolism in a large group of healthy women (n = 113) and men (n = 108) and in a group of early postmenopausal women (n = 124). Furthermore, we studied the vitamin D metabolism in 42 women with endometriosis. The vitamin D metabolites did not show dependence on age or on duration of menopause. The serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites did not differ in normal men and women. There were highly significant seasonal oscillations for 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D3 but not for 1,25(OH)2D. Women with endometriosis had significantly elevated serum 1,25(OH)2D compared to the normal women. Our study indicates that ageing is not associated with a significant depletion of 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D or 1,25(OH)2D in normal men and women up to the age of 75 years. Furthermore, changes in vitamin D metabolism seem not to be an important factor in early postmenopausal bone loss. Our results on patients with endometriosis indicate that these patients may have some calcium-metabolic disturbances.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1989

Psychiatric care of refugees exposed to organized violence. A comparative study of refugees and immigrants in Frederiksborg County, Denmark.

Psychiatry in Scandinavia has a tradition for research and clinical work with people from other countries, especially related to refugees and survivors after the Second World War. In recent years an increasing number of refugees have arrived, especially from the countries of the Middle East. The aim of this study was to evaluate the refugee situation in a Danish county, on the basis of data on 49 refugees treated in the county's psychiatric departments from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1987 and 44 immigrants seen from January 1, 1983 to December 31, 1987. The clinical data illustrated marked differences between immigrants and refugees with respect to social situation and background, symptom pattern and exposure to organized violence. Both groups terminated treatment after very few contacts, and the psychiatric staff seems to need better training. The general need for psychiatric and psychological treatment of immigrants and refugees is still uncertain and further research is required.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

Brief sexual counseling for medical patients: a workshop for training professionals.

Most sexual concerns and dysfunctions in medical patients are unrecognized because neither patient nor health care team addresses the issue. A 5-day workshop is presented in detail so that clinicians specializing in treating sexual problems can educate primary care professionals in assessing sexual problems and providing brief sexual counseling. Suggestions for truncating the workshop or tailoring it to specific audiences are also included.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1986

Sexual dysfunction in insulin-treated diabetics: a six-year follow-up study of 101 patients.

This study examined prospectively the prevalence and type of sexual dysfunction in a well-characterized group of 160 insulin-treated (Type 1) diabetics during a 6-year period. Of the original sample, 101(76%) participated in the follow-up study and were considered representative of the original consecutive sample. In this study each patient was his/her own control. Prevalence and type of sexual dysfunction was similar to reports from the first investigation and similar to prevalences from other studies. At both examinations a significantly higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction was recorded among diabetic men with signs of peripheral neuropathy. A group of diabetic patients had recovered from their sexual problems in the intervening period without any therapeutic procedures and without any changes in their diabetic status. Psychosocial events seemed to be major factors. Recovery was seen even in patients having peripheral and/or autonomic neuropathy. Although a significant correlation of peripheral neuropathy and erectile dysfunction in diabetic men was demonstrated, many patients with peripheral and/or autonomic neuropathy were without any sexual concerns. Reported sexual dysfunction was significantly correlated to clinical assessment of disease-acceptance and prevalence of somatopsychological reactions to the disease. Of importance in optimal diabetes therapy and in sexual dysfunction research in diabetics is the integration of emotional and behavioral aspects without forsaking the somatic factors. In routine diabetes control sexual aspects should be incorporated in the overall counseling of the diabetic patient or the diabetic couple.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The natural history of sexual dysfunction in diabetic women. A 6-year follow-up study.

The natural history of sexual dysfunction in diabetic women was evaluated in a 6-year prospective study. Fifty type I, insulin-treated diabetic women, aged 26-45 years, were assessed and re-evaluated 6 years later. Measures included psychological, physiological and social parameters. The frequency of sexual dysfunction was similar in 1977 and 1983. Diabetic women did not differ in sexual function from their healthy controls. None of the physiologic measures studied were predictive of sexual function. Six out of 14 women who were sexually dysfunctional in 1977 recovered normal function, some of them in spite of objective evidence of neuropathy. None of the women had been on psychotherapy for their sexual problem. The most important factor in the spontaneous remission rate seemed to be improvement in the overall marital and social situation. The women's acceptance of illness, as judged by the interviewer, and data from the questionnaires concerning psychological distress, were strong predictors of sexual function. Sexual dysfunction in diabetic women is thus an index of psychological adjustment to chronic illness. Family and marital counseling should be routinely offered as part of the medical care of the diabetic patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sexual function and somatopsychic reactions in vulvectomy-operated women and their partners.

Sexual function and somatopsychic reactions were examined in 25 women following vulvectomy and in 15 of their partners. More than half of the women had both sexual dysfunction and psychological problems. Their partners had no sexual dysfunction but almost half had psychological problems. An important reason for this seems to be insufficient information and advice both pre- and postoperatively and failure to recognize a developing stricture of the introitus vaginae. Frequent control and advice to both partners both pre- and postoperatively is desirable. Less extensive surgical procedures in selected cases should be considered.

Adult↗