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Biomedical subjects

S B Eaton

Publications and source records attributed to S B Eaton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[What stone age?].

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Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1994

Women's reproductive cancers in evolutionary context.

Reproductive experiences for women in today's affluent Western nations differ from those of women in hunting and gathering societies, who continue the ancestral human pattern. These differences parallel commonly accepted reproductive risk factors for cancers of the breast, endometrium and ovary. Nutritional practices, exercise requirements, and body composition are nonreproductive influences that have been proposed as additional factors affecting the incidence of women's cancers. In each case, these would further increase risk for women in industrialized countries relative to forager women. Lifestyles and reproductive patterns new from an evolutionary perspective may promote women's cancers. Calculations based on a theoretical model suggest that, to age 60, modern Western women have a breast cancer risk as much as 100 times that of preagricultural women.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1992

Humans, lipids and evolution.

The genetically ordered physiology of contemporary humans was selected over eons of evolutionary experience for a nutritional pattern affording much less fat, particularly less saturated fat. Current dietary recommendations do not accord exactly with those generated by an understanding of prior hominoid/hominid evolution. Similarly, widely advocated standards for serum cholesterol values fail to match those observed in recently studied hunter-gatherers, whose experience represents the closest living approximation of "natural" human lipid metabolism. The evolutionary paradigm suggests that fats should comprise 20-25% of total energy intake, that the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat should exceed 1.0, and that total serum cholesterol levels should be below 150 mg/dL (approximately 4 mM/L).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Calcium in evolutionary perspective.

The nutritional requirements of contemporary humans were almost certainly established over eons of evolutionary experience and the best available evidence indicates that this evolution occurred in a high-calcium nutritional environment. The exercise and dietary patterns of humans living at the end of the Stone Age can be considered natural paradigms: calcium intake was twice that for contemporary humans and requirements for physical exertion were also greater than at present. Bony remains from that period suggest that Stone Agers developed a greater peak bone mass and experienced less age-related bone loss than do humans in the 20th Century.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1991

Primitive health.

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Exercise↗
PubMed1988

Stone agers in the fast lane: chronic degenerative diseases in evolutionary perspective.

From a genetic standpoint, humans living today are Stone Age hunter-gatherers displaced through time to a world that differs from that for which our genetic constitution was selected. Unlike evolutionary maladaptation, our current discordance has little effect on reproductive success; rather it acts as a potent promoter of chronic illnesses: atherosclerosis, essential hypertension, many cancers, diabetes mellitus, and obesity among others. These diseases are the results of interaction between genetically controlled biochemical processes and a myriad of biocultural influences--lifestyle factors--that include nutrition, exercise, and exposure to noxious substances. Although our genes have hardly changed, our culture has been transformed almost beyond recognition during the past 10,000 years, especially since the Industrial Revolution. There is increasing evidence that the resulting mismatch fosters "diseases of civilization" that together cause 75 percent of all deaths in Western nations, but that are rare among persons whose lifeways reflect those of our preagricultural ancestors.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence of diverticular disease, hiatus hernia, and pelvic phleboliths in black and white Americans.

Phleboliths, and especially diverticular disease and hiatus hernia, are rarer in developing countries than in economically more developed communities, but all three conditions were as common in Black as in White Americans. This finding suggests that they are due to environmental rather than to genetic causes. A deficient intake of dietary fibre may be the common factor predisposing to these three conditions.

Black People↗
PubMed1976

Spontaneous internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts.

Six cases are reported in which spontaneous internal drainage between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the alimentary tract became established. In each instance the communication was demonstrated radiologically. The clinical circumstances and radiographic features of these cases are described, and the existing literature pertaining to this phenomenon is reviewed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Results of hypotonic duodenography in the diagnosis of pancreaticoduodenal cancer.

Hypotonic duodenography has become a well accepted procedure for diagnosing pancreaticoduodenal cancer. In order to provide further data about the accuracy of this examination, 170 patients were reviewed who were suspected of having this disease and whose duodenogram diagnosis was later confirmed or disproved by surgery, autopsy, or clinical follow-up. The correct diagnosis was made in 158 patients (over-all accuracy of 93%). Of 31 ultimately proved pancreaticoduodenal cancers, 24 were correctly identified (specific accuracy of 77%). For 27 patients a positive diagnosis of pancreaticoduodenal cancer was made, and 24 of these later proved to have this disease (positive accuracy of 89%). For 110 patients, a negative diagnosis was made, and 103 of these proved to be free of pancreaticoduodenal cancer (negative accuracy of 94%).

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗