Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S B Buklina

Publications and source records attributed to S B Buklina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The corpus callosum, interhemisphere interactions, and the function of the right hemisphere of the brain.

A complex clinical-neuropsychological study was performed by the Luriya method before and after surgery in 36 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the corpus callosum. The symptoms of local lesions to the various parts of the corpus callosum are described. Symptoms of partial lesioning of the corpus callosum were found to be modality-specific, though only relatively. The symptoms of dyscopia or dysgraphia could appear in isolation fro each other. Combined lesions of the medial parts of the brain (cingulate cortex, frontal lobes) and the corpus callosum significantly increased the level of dysfunction of these medial parts. Patients with lesions to the anterior parts of the corpus callosum showed symptoms of frontal lobe dysfunction. Lesions to the corpus callosum led to dysfunction of the right hemisphere in the spheres of emotion, perception, and spatial activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that the right hemisphere integrates impulses from both sides of the space and is the first zone involved in activity, performing its initial stages. The author believes that this synthetic activity of the right hemisphere, with tight connections with the "conscious" left hemisphere, is required for the formation of the overall conceptualization of both individual objects and particular types of activity. From this point of view, it is the right hemisphere that can, in a sense, be regarded as dominant, rather than the left hemisphere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[The peculiarities of speech disturbance in patients with arteriovenous malformations of the caudate nucleus and the thalamus].

Clinical and neuropsychological study of 28 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the caudate nucleus and 36 patients with AVM of the thalamus has been conducted. After surgical removal of the caudate nucleus, speech disturbances developed in 4 out of 8 patients with left-side AVM and in 1 patient, a converted left-hander, with right-side AVM. All 5 patients had mild speech disturbances, which differed by character in dependence of the AVM location. In case of AVM location in the head of the caudate nucleus, the speech disturbances were represented by perseverations and were similar to those caused by the lesion in the Broca area. In case of the caudate nucleus lesion, naming was mildly affected that resembled temporal aphasia. After surgical removal of AVM in the left thalamus in 9 patients, complex and rather stable speech disturbances developed in 7 cases. They were featured by the signs of frontal and temporal aphasias, i.e. there were perseverations and disturbances of naming, auditory and speech memory. The peculiarities of speech disturbances in lesions of the caudate nucleus and the thalamus were well explained by their anatomic and functional correlations with different regions of brain speech cortex. Speech disturbances in various subcortical lesions are reviewed. In the authors' opinion, subcortical aphasias do not have any particular character but include the same factors in different combinations as cortical ones that is determined by the presence of common functional systems for speech support which comprise cortical and subcortical patterns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Impairments in premorbid knowledge recall in patients with hemispheric and intraventricular brain damage.

A total of 104 patients with hemispheric arteriovenous malformations (AVM; in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes), along with 21 patients with craniopharyngiomas and 21 patients with aresorptive hydrocephalus, were studied. Impairments of the recall of knowledge acquired before disease onset were found in 12 patients with hemispheric AVM. All had suffered severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Similar memory defects were noted in three patients with craniopharyngiomas and 12 with hydrocephalus. These patients had lesions of the mediobasal (periventricular) parts of the brain (frontal and parietal lobes), predominantly of the right hemisphere, as well as the diencephalic regions. The syndrome of selective retrograde amnesia in lesions of these structures was characterized by impairment of the recall of dates and, less frequently, details of event content and autobiography. It is emphasized that processes of recall of the sequence and selectivity of traces during actualization of "old" knowledge played the greater role in the mechanism of development of these impairments. The possible roles of the right and left hemispheres, as well as the diencephalic area, in the information encoding and decoding are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Disturbance of the knowledge representation in patients with arteriovenous malformations of the deep brain structures].

One hundred eighty patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the deep brain structures (caudate nucleus, thalamus, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus and corpus callosus) have been examined. Disturbance of the premorbid knowledge representations (selective retrograde amnesia) was found in 31 subjects. All the patients, in dependence in what structure the AVM was situated, survival severe intraventricular haemorrhage with long period of unconsciousness. The majority of the patients have haemorrhage from right hemisphere AVM. Neuropsychological syndrome was identical in all the patients: representation of major historical data was damaged worst, sequence of events representation was less damaged. Actualization of autobiography and events aspects was not practically disturbed. Neuropsychological examination revealed a combine dysfunction of frontal, temporal (preferentially right hemisphere) lobes and diencephalous region. The author concluded that in patients with AVM of the deep brain structures selective retrograde amnesia was found after severe intraventricular haemorrhage on the background of combined dysfunction of medio-basal regions (preferentially, right hemisphere) and diencephalon region. After surgical removal of any structure, any development of "novel" memory disturbances, like selective retrograde amnesia, was not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Disturbance of the premorbid knowledge reproduction in patients with hemispheric and intraventricular brain damages].

One hundred four patients with hemispheric arteriovenous malformations (AVM) (frontal, parietal and temporal brain lobes), 21 patients with craniopharyngiomas and 21 patients with aresorptive hydrocephalus were studied. Disturbance of the premorbid knowledge reproduction was found in 12 patients with hemispheric AVM. All the patients survived severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Similar memory defects were detected in 3 patients with craniopharyngiomas and in 12 patients with hydrocephalus. In these cases medio-basal (periventricular) brain regions (frontal and temporal), preferentially of right hemisphere, and diencephalic region were damaged. Selective retrograde amnesia in all above damages was characterized by inability to recall dates, less often autobiography and events content. The author stressed a role of the processes of events sequence representation and of traces selectivity in "old" knowledge actualization in the mechanisms of studied disturbances development. A possible role of right and left hemispheres as well as diencephalic region in information coding and decoding is discussed.

Amnesia, Retrograde↗
PubMed2001

[The unilateral space neglect in patients with arteriovenous malformations of the deep brain structures].

Clinical and neuropsychological study has been carried out in 187 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the deep brain structures, including 28 patients with caudate nucleus AVM, 35--with thalamus AVM, 45--with cingulated gyrus AVM, 43--with hippocampus AVM, 36--with corpus callosum AVM. Ignoring phenomenon in different modalities has been found in 47 patients, 40 patients having unfixed ignoring. The majority of the patients showed a left-side space and body ignoring and in 3 patients, with left-handedness signs, right-side ignoring has been observed. In all the patients ignoring development was associated with posthemorrhagic and postoperative impairment of the white matter (sensor conductor projections of sincipital and occipital lobes of periventricular white matter) or parietal and corpus callosum. In case of hemispheric local disturbances, ignoring developed in concomitant disorders (hemianopsia and hemihypesthesia) and coincided with them in modality. In case of corpus callosum damage, ignoring may develop without concomitant sensor disorders or may be on the other side (in case of simultaneous left hemisphere damage). The results obtained support the evidence for ignoring phenomenon independence.

Caudate Nucleus↗
PubMed2001

[The main hypothesis of hemi-neglect phenomenon development].

A review of the main hypotheses of unilateral ignoring development is presented. One part of them fail to answer the question whether the right hemisphere is preferentially interested in ignoring development, the other one does not answer the question why only the stimuli entering the right hemisphere are not recognized (e.g. in the animals who showed space left-side ignoring in the absence of speech). The author suggests that answering these questions lies in different ways of information processing by the right (simultaneous way) and left (successive way) hemispheres and their reciprocal interaction. The right hemisphere processes information more rapidly using simultaneous way, it seems to be more diffusive, in regard to functions being represented. The left hemisphere, which is slower and more local, regarding the function representation, compares current information stimuli with the "traces" of previous ones. Just this slower information processing with "trace" comparing is likely to enable the left hemisphere to recognize stimuli. From the right hemisphere, information for cognition has to be "thrown over" to the left hemisphere over the corpus callous. In case of right hemisphere or corpus callous damage, an amount of stimuli entering the left hemisphere is not enough for recognition, and unilateral ignoring developes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Neuropsychological syndromes of arteriovenous malformation of cinguli gyrus and hippocampus].

41 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of gyrus cinguli and 39 ones with AVM of hippocamp were examined. AVM verification was performed according to the data of angiography and computer tomography of the brain during the operation. 4 patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absans. In these cases AVM spread from gyrus cinguli and hippocamp to the cortical medio-basal regions of frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Autonomic paroxysms weren't found in the patients. Before the operation 73 patients had disorders of memory that progressed after the operation. Disorders of memory weren't completely identical in damages of gyrus cinguli or of hippocamp, namely: in damages of gyrus cinguli such disorders were similar in terms of their characteristics with those observed in damages of medio-basal regions of the frontal lobes, while in pathology of hippocamp--with those of diencephalic region (region of III ventricle). A conclusion was made about different participation of the structures studied in realization of the memory function.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1999

[Memory disorders and deep structures of the brain].

Clinical and neuropsychologic examination of 141 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) was examined according to A.R.Lurye method. AVM of caudate nucleus were found in 27 patients, of thalamus in 34 ones, of hippocampal formation in 39 individuals, of gyrus cinguli in 41 cases. 102 patients were operated. Both total impairment of the memory and its peculiarities in damages of different structures were found in patients with AVM. A common peculiarity was the development of the amnestic symptom complex similar to Korsakov's syndrome. Such disorders occur only in combined damages of the deep structures (before the operation in patients with ventricular hemorrhages), excluding patients with AVM of caudate nucleus. The memory impairments were modal-nonspecific; in all the patients an audio-speech delayed memory was altered and reproduction in visual memory. Peculiarities of memory impairments in damage of separate structures were functional asymmetry of the defects of memory in AVM of caudate nucleus and thalamus (if present) as well as permanent inclusions and contaminations in AVM of gyrus cinguli. During process of evolution separate sides of memory function might be doubled in different structures, and each of them might have its own contribution to memory function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical-neuropsychological aspects of the adaptation of patients after the excision of craniopharyngioma in childhood].

40 patients aged 9-36 years were followed-up for at least 10 years after craniopharyngiomectomy. A combined neuropsychologic study according to A.R. Luria was carried out both for determination of the degree of psychic defects and for comparison with possibilities of adaptation. Symptoms of a damage of medio-basal regions of the frontal lobes and dyencephalic region were observed in all the patients. The frontal symptoms were decisive for social adaptation after the operation. The adaptation was worse in patients with more pronounced manifestations of frontal symptoms in involvement of medio-basal regions of the left frontal lobe accompanied by poor motivation and inertness. Patients with infact motivation and activity in the presence of dominant dysfunction of the medio-basal regions of the right frontal lobe appeared to be more adapted, even when there were pronounced disorders of vision and memory. The defects were compensated worse in patients operated early in childhood, with features of side cerebral dysfunction and in left-handers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

[The functional heterogeneity of the human caudate nucleus].

Combined clinical-neuropsychological investigation of 26 patients with vascular malformations of caudate nucleus (CN) was performed both before and after surgical removal of the malformation. Arterial-venous malformations were located in the head (12 cases) of CN, in its corpus (9 patients), in both head and corpus (5 individuals). Verification of the malformation's location was carried out according to data of computer tomography, angiography, as well as during the operation. It was revealed that postoperative syndromes were closely related in patients with both the side of CN's alteration and with the region of the damage. The clear perseverative syndrome was observed when left CN, and especially its head was damaged. When the corpus of the left CN was damaged perseverations were slighter. Meanwhile faint alienation of the word's meaning as well as the slight alterations of evaluation of rhythm's estimation were observed in such cases. Disorders of the perception were observed mainly when the right CN and especially its corpus was damaged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Clinico-neuropsychological syndromes involving the human gyrus cinguli].

There was performed clinical and neurophysiological observation of 41 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of gyrus cinguli. Disorders of memory appeared to be the main manifestations before the operation in 38 patients, moreover they had the features of Korsakov's syndrome in 5 patients. Autonomic and epileptic-like fits weren't quite characteristic. Memory impairment was observed in 23 from 38 patients after operation, however there weren't found any qualitatively new disorders. The first appearance of Korsakov's syndrome after operation was found in 3 patients. The degree of the increase of memory impairment correlated with the degree of the destruction of the gyrus cinguli as well as with the massivity of AVM passing into corpus callosum. Qualitative analysis of amnestic syndromes revealed that practically all the patients had the alteration of the selectivity of the memory traces, inability to keep in mind the meaning of the tale. It was accompanied by an absence of criticism toward patients' own defects. Similar signs of disorders had close resemblance with amnestic defects of the patients with frontal damages. That testified the significance of both damages of frontal lobes and their connections in formation of clinical pattern in human.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Nootropil in the treatment of disorders of the higher mental functions in patients with an ischemic stroke].

47 patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with nootropil (pyracetam, UCB, Belgium) from the first day of the disease (12 g, intravenously, by drops during 2 weeks, then 4.8 g, per os) on the background of basic therapy. There was revealed increase of spontaneous activity, expressive and impulsive speech, audio- and speaking memory (especially delayed memory), tactile, acoustic and visual gnosis, space praxis. There was observed more pronounced positive dynamics of functions of damaged hemisphere in patients with localisation of ischemic focus in left hemisphere. Meanwhile restoration was slower when ischemic focus was localized in right hemisphere. Restoration of high mental functions occurred to be faster during nootropil treatment as compared with basic therapy only. The conclusion was made that nootropil can be prescribed for the patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke and especially for the patients with alterations of cerebral circulation in system of internal carotid artery including such disturbances on the background of insufficiency of circulation in vertebrobasilar system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Use of neurotransplantation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease].

The outcomes of transplantation of the human embryonal mid-brain into the striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease are presented. For this, a procedure for obtaining, isolating, preparing the human embryonic midbrain, as well as a method for stereotactic administration of embryonal nerve tissue suspension having high dopaminergic neuron levels into the patients' striatum are specified. Patients underwent neurological examinations by the international protocol Core Assessment Program for Intracerebral Transplantation including monthly video recording within 3 months before and 3-24 months after surgery. Electrophysiological, neuropsychological, and immunological examinations were made at the same intervals. Most patients had positive dynamics: diminution of the severity of main disease symptoms, reduction in the efficiency of a single dose of DOPA-containing drugs, decrease in the magnitude of side effects of drug therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The late sequelae of radiation exposure on the nervous system].

Clinical, neuropsychologic, neurophysiologic as well as neuromorphologic (in legal cases) examinations of Chernobyl liquidators were performed. In addition, the study was made of the monkeys exposed to 1,5 Gy radiation. The results obtained testified to the organic character of cerebral damages. They may be characterised as chronic progressive discirculatory-hypoxic syndrome in which disorders of vascular permeability were expressed and dystrophic destructive irreversible alterations of nervous cells occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ischemic stroke and the ways of compensation of cerebral circulation in patients with nonspecific aorto-arteritis with lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries].

In patients suffering from nonspecific aortoarteritis associated with impairment of the common carotid arteries, cerebral blood flow is compensated for at the expense of an increase of the volumetric blood flow in the vertebral arteries. During the first three years since the onset of the first disease symptoms, the blood content in the basin of the internal carotid arteries is reduced. Brain strokes occur most frequently within that period. They mostly develop without any preceding transitory ischemic attacks. The origin of neurological symptomatology depends to a considerable measure on the condition of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries.

Adult↗