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Biomedical subjects

S B Adams

Publications and source records attributed to S B Adams.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Thromboxane, prostaglandin I2 (epoprostenol), and the hemodynamic changes in equine endotoxin shock.

This study had 2 objectives: (i) to correlate plasma thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 (epoprostenol) concentrations with hemodynamic changes occurring in equine endotoxin shock, and (ii) to determine the effects of flunixin meglumine on plasma concentrations of these prostaglandins relative to hemodynamic changes. Shock was induced in 2 groups, each of 4 anesthetized ponies, and in a 3rd group of 2 ponies. Group A ponies were given endotoxin only (and were not treated), and group B ponies were given endotoxin and then treated with flunixin meglumine. Group C ponies were treated with flunixin meglumine 5 minutes before they were fiven endotoxin. Arterial, pulmonary arterial, and central venous pressures were measured and blood samples were collected at 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1, 3, and 4 hours after ponies were given the endotoxin. The plasma thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 concentrations were increased in equine endotoxic shock. Increased thromboxane concentration was associated with the high pulmonary arterial and central venous pressures and low arterial blood pressure in the minutes immediately after the ponies were given endotoxin. The increased prostaglandin I2 concentration was associated with systemic hypotension at 1 to 2 hours after endotoxin. Treatment of ponies with flunixin meglumine after endotoxin was given (group B) prevented the prostaglandin I2 rise and the associated hypotension. Treatment with fluixin meglumine before endotoxin was given prevented the increase of the plasma thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 values, along with the associated hemodynamic changes.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1980

Cytologic interpretation of peritoneal fluid in the evaluation of equine abdominal crises.

Cytologic examination of serial peritoneal fluid samples of nine experimental ponies was performed during a 72 hour period following laparotomy. Six of the ponies had jejunal infarction induced by occlusion of the corresponding vasculature. Cytologic examination was also performed on the peritoneal fluid of a series of horses with naturally occurring abdominal crises presented to the Large Animal Clinic. A rapid staining technique allowed evaluation of smears within 5 minutes of obtaining the fluid. Alterations in peritoneal fluid of the experimental and clinical cases reflected an acute inflammatory response. In the experimental ponies, the degree of degenerate changes in the neutrophils varied considerably between the ponies with induced jejunal infarction and the controls. Extracellular bacteria and a severe degenerative inflammatory response in the peritoneal fluid of the experimental ponies and horses with naturally occurring abdominal crises provided a grave prognosis for survival. The ease of performing cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid and the potential value of the findings supports routine diagnostic use.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical implantation of ultrafiltration probes in ovine bone and muscle.

It may be desirable to collect compounds directly from sites of interest if blood concentrations do not reflect tissue levels. Ultrafiltration and microdialysis probes may be used to do this, but the hollow fibers of these probes are quite fragile. For this reason, we developed a pull-through technique that allows their implantation into the ovine quadriceps muscle and femur. The sheep is placed under anesthesia in lateral recumbency. An incision is made midway between the patella and greater trochanter directly over the lateral femur. A hand drill is used to make a 4.5-mm hole into the medullary cavity through the lateral cortex of the distal femur. A second incision is then made over the greater trochanter. The drill bit is inserted into the trochanteric fossa and a hole is drilled distally through the medullary cavity of the femur to the level of the first hole. A looped 20-gauge wire is then inserted into the femur and removed through the distal hole. Suture is attached, and the wire is withdrawn, leaving the suture in place. The suture is tied to the ultrafiltration probe tubing, allowing the probe to be carefully drawn into position. For implantation into the muscle, a 10-gauge introducer is used. The introducer is placed through the quadriceps muscle and the probe is then threaded through it. This technique has been successfully performed on 18 sheep. All sheep tolerated the procedure well. Up to 2.0 mL/day of interstitial fluid was recovered from each site. The average lifetimes of the bone and muscle probes were 35 and 40 days, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum levels of type III procollagen peptide in Equidae before and after intestinal ischemia.

Serum levels of type III procollagen peptide (P-III-P) were measured by radioimmunoassay in clinically normal adult ponies (n = 15) and horses (n = 10). The mean serum levels of P-III-P from the ponies, 10.4 +/- 2.9 (SD) ng/mL, and the horses, 12.2 +/- 2.6 (SD) ng/mL, were not significantly different. Segments of jejunum were made ischemic to induce fibrous peritoneal adhesions in two ponies, and serum P-III-P levels were measured on days 4, 5, 7, 14, and 21. An exploratory celiotomy on day 21 revealed that the ischemic injury had induced fibrosis of the mesentery and bowel, but no adhesions had formed. The fibrotic mesentery contained type III collagen. The highest mean serum level of P-III-P, 23.0 +/- 3.5 (SD) ng/mL on day 7, was more than 4 SD above the mean from the normal ponies. There was a significant difference in the serum P-III-P levels in the ponies on days 0 (7.1 +/- 1.6 ng/mL) and 7 (23.0 +/- 3.5 ng/mL). Serum levels of P-III-P may be useful to study fibrosis associated with intestinal ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arthrodesis for congenital flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.

A llama, a miniature horse, and a miniature donkey with severe bilateral congenital flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints were treated successfully by arthrodesis with dynamic compression plating or external skeletal fixation. The flexor tendons were more taut than the suspensory ligaments and were transected. In the llama, the suspensory ligament was transected, and overcorrection caused ischemic necrosis of one distal limb and subluxation of the other fetlock joint. In the horse and donkey, the suspensory ligament was preserved and wedge osteotomy was performed to correct the deformity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional limb perfusion with antibiotics in three horses.

Antibiotics were delivered to chronically infected tissues by regional limb perfusion in three horses with osteomyelitis associated with orthopedic implants. Two infections were resolved with implants in place; in one, a sequestrum was resorbed. In one horse, regional antibiotic perfusion was applied to treat progressively worsening bone infection after initial implants loosened and were removed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ovariohysterectomy in six mares.

Six mares had ovariohysterectomy performed for chronic pyometra associated with cervical abnormalities, uterine neoplasia, or removal of a macerated fetus. Ovariohysterectomy was performed through a ventral midline incision with access to the ovarian and uterine vessels aided by traction on the uterus and retraction of abdominal viscera. Abdominal pain, the most common complication after surgery, occurred in four mares but resolved within 36 hours. Peritonitis occurred in two mares; one mare was subsequently euthanatized. Other complications that resolved with treatment included infection of the uterine stump (two mares), abdominal hemorrhage (one mare), diarrhea (one mare), and incisional infection (one mare). Complications after surgery can be reduced by removing as much of the uterus as possible, minimizing peritoneal contamination with uterine contents, and providing a secure closure of the caudal reproductive tract.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The surgical anatomy of the stifle joint in sheep.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed description of the surgical anatomy of the stifle joint in sheep. STUDY DESIGN: The results from analysis of cadaveric dissections (14 stifle joints) and stifle radiographs (8 sets of mediolateral and craniocaudal radiographs) are presented. ANIMALS: Skeletally mature ewes of mixed breeds. CONCLUSIONS: Although the anatomy of the ovine stifle joint is similar to that of the human knee joint, a number of unique features were identified. These included the presence of the tendon of the m. extensor digitorum longus on the craniolateral aspect of the stifle joint, the absence of a cranial meniscofemoral ligament (ligament of Humphrey) in the caudal joint space, and attachment of the patellar tendon to the cranial pole of the patella (rather than to the distal pole, as in humans). The implications of these differences are discussed with reference to the suitability of the ovine stifle as a surgical model for the human knee joint.

Animals↗