Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Aune

Publications and source records attributed to S Aune.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Studies on the plasma kallikrein-kinin system in peritoneal exudate and plasma during experimental acute pancreatitis in pigs.

Acute pancreatitis was induced in pigs by retrograde injection of Na-taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. By means of chromogenic peptide substrate assays, increased plasma kallikrein activity, parallel with a reduction of plasma prekallikrein and functional kallikrein inhibition values, was found in peritoneal exudate. In plasma, however, no changes in the kallikrein-kinin system were found during the 6-h observation time. The study demonstrates the presence of components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system in peritoneal fluid and suggests that the peritoneal cavity to a great extent is a functionally separate compartment from plasma. Activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system in peritoneal exudate during acute experimental pancreatitis appears to be of importance for the initial symptoms and the development of shock seen during this condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

The diagnosis, occurrence and clinical aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with recurrent urolithiasis as registered in general practice.

Five patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (surgically verified) and one patient with probable normocalcaemic hyperparathyroidism were diagnosed in a series of 93 recurrent stone formers in general practice. The six case histories are presented. The initial diagnosis was based on repeated albumin corrected total serum calcium determinations. The condition had previously not been diagnosed in four of the six patients, despite one or more hospital admissions. The urinary calcium excretion index ad modum Peacock & Nordin is not recommended as a routine test for use in general practice. Serum immunoreactive parathyroidal hormone related to simultaneous serum calcium values did not give any further diagnostic information in 48 of these patients with, or without, formation of new stones during a mean follow-up period of 3.2 years. The clinical spectrum of primary HPT has apparently shifted during the last three decades from bone disease and renal calculi to more general symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Studies on pathological plasma proteolysis in severely burned patients using chromogenic peptide substrate assays: a preliminary report.

Changes in components of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems were studied in nine patients with severe burns using chromogenic peptide substrate assay technique. All patients were critically ill and five died during a four week observation period. Plasma prekallikrein, plasminogen, prothrombin and platelet values decreases regularly in all patients after the injury. These changes were seen together with a high frequency of increases serum FDP values and presence of soluble fibrin. During critical illness extensive plasma proteolysis occurred, indicated by elevated plasma kallikrein and plasmin activities combined with lowered functional plasma kallikrein inhibition, prekallikrein and plasminogen values. The study confirms that plasma pathological proteolysis occurs in patients with severe burns, and indicates that close monitoring of components of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems can give information of prognostic and therapeutic value in the severely burned patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Studies on the kallikrein-kinin system in plasma and peritoneal fluid during experimental pancreatitis.

Using chromogenic peptide substrate assay technique, components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system and trypsin activity were studied in plasma and peritoneal exudate during acute pancreatitis in pigs. In the plasma no significant changes occurred, but increased kallikrein activity was found in the peritoneal exudate. This finding was paralleled by a reduction in prekallikrein levels and functional kallikrein inhibition values. The trypsin activity in peritoneal exudate, however, increased inconstantly. These results emphasize the significance of peritoneal protease-antiprotease imbalance during acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Determination of components of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems gives information of prognostic value in patients with multiple trauma.

Components of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems were studied in 15 multiple trauma patients. There were 9 survivors and 6 fatal cases. All fatal cases had sepsis and/or post traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome. Within the first day after trauma significantly reduced values were found for plasma prekallikrein (PKK), Hageman factor (HF) and Antithrombin III (AT III). In the survivors these parameters were normalized within the first five days after the injury. In the fatal cases, however, the same parameters remained reduced or declined during the observation period. The fatal cases also revealed a high frequency of positive ethanol gelation tests (EGT), elevated serum fibrin - fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) values and persisting low platelet counts. Analyses of plasma samples from both survivors and fatal cases, fractions by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, demonstrated alpha 2-macroglobulin - plasma kallikrein complexes. These findings demonstrate activation of the kallikrein-kinin system as a part of pathological plasma proteolysis in multiple trauma patients. Persistent reductions of PKK, HF and AT III combined with positive EGT, elevated FDP values and reduced platelet counts indicate a poor prognosis.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1982

Glucose-induced release of neurotensin after gastric surgery.

The plasma concentration of neurotensin was investigated in 15 patients and 6 healthy persons after oral administration of hypertonic glucose. 8 patients had total gastrectomy, 7 patients had partial gastrectomy of Billroth II type, and 6 nonoperated persons were used as controls. In the gastrectomized patients, the neurotensin concentration increased significantly from 2.0 (n.d.-7.4) pM to 62.4 (12.0-270) pM, in the B II resected patients from 0.9 (0.2-4.2) pM to 4.6 (0.9-59.2) pM. In the unoperated persons the corresponding neurotensin concentrations were 1.7 (0.9-3.4) and 2.2 (0.8-5.3) pM, which were not significantly different. No correlation between neurotensin concentration and dumping symptoms was seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies on pathological plasma proteolysis in patients with acute pancreatitis. A preliminary report.

Changes in the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems were studied in 14 patients with acute pancreatitis. Ten patients survived whereas four died. In both survivors and fatal cases a high frequency of reduced values of plasma prekallikrein (PKK) functional antithrombin III (AT III) and platelets were found during the first week after admission. These changes were seen together with increased serum FDP values and the presence of soluble fibrin. In the fatal cases PKK, AT III, platelets and functional kallikrein inhibition values observed during the first week after admission, were found significantly more reduced than in the survivors. These observations underline that activation of proteases in plasma is an important pathophysiological mechanism in this state, and that evaluation of this process in patients with acute pancreatitis might give information of prognostic value.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative determination of endotoxin in plasma by means of a new chromogenic peptide substrate. A methodological study.

Endotoxins are highly biologically active compounds found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. A method has been developed to determine endotoxins quantitatively in plasma, using Limulus lysate and a new chromogenic peptide substrate (S-2423, KabiVitrum, AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Blood samples were collected in pyrogen-free tubes (Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) containing heparin as anticoagulance. Platelet poor plasma was prepared by centrifugation at 1500 x g at 4 degrees C for 10 min. Standard solutions were prepared by adding E-coli endotoxin (Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) to plasma from normals. Limulus lysate (Pyrogent, Mallinckrodt Inc., St. Louis, USA) was incubated with samples and standards for 30 min. at 37 degrees C. The chromogenic substrate /S-2423) was then added and the mixture incubated for 3 1/2 min. The reaction was stopped with 50% acetic acid. Absorbance read against a separate plasma blank was recorded photometrically at 405 nm. The standard curve was linear in the range 0.025 to 0.200 ng/ml.

Chromogenic Compounds↗
PubMed1982

Chromogenic peptide substrate assays in patients with multiple trauma.

Daily monitoring of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems i.e. the coagulation, the fibrinolytic and the kallikrein-kinin system in multitraumatized patients with chromogenic substrate assays disclosed significant differences in the levels of Prekallikrein, Hageman Factor, Antithrombin-III, Prothrombin in survivors (N = 9) and fatal cases (N = 6) during the first week after admission. Since chromogenic peptide substrate assays are simple, cheap and easily automated, close monitoring of critical care patients may be rewarding.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies on components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system in peritoneal fluid and plasma before and during experimental acute pancreatitis in pigs. A preliminary report.

Acute pancreatitis was induced in pigs by retrograde injection of Na-Taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Using a chromogenic peptide substrate assay, increased plasma kallikrein activity was found in the peritoneal exudate. This finding was paralleled by reduced prekallikrein and functional kallikrein inhibition values. In plasma, however, no changes in the kallikrein-kinin system were found during the 6 hours observation time. These findings emphasize the significance of peritoneal protease-antiprotease imbalance during acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Duodenal diverticula and their relationship to age, sex, and biliary calculi.

The relationship between duodenal diverticula and age, sex, and biliary calculi was studied prospectively in 624 patients examines with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The study showed that the incidence of biliary calculi was significantly higher in patients with diverticula (86%) than in patients without diverticula (38%). The difference was significant in all age groups above 40 years (p less than 0.01). The rate of diverticula found near the papilla of Vater was significantly higher in patients with biliary calculi than in patients without (p less than 0.01). A positive correlation was found between age and diverticula but not between sex and diverticula. An insufficient papillary sphincter together with an ascending bacterial infection is discussed as a possible explanation for the higher incidence of biliary calculi in patients with duodenal diverticula.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Management of trauma to the parenchymatous organs.

The incidence of abdominal trauma is increasing, and is related to both increased violence in the society and to the increased frequency of road traffic accidents. Injuries to the liver, pancreas with duodenum, and kidneys are almost always associated with other lesions, and we see the multi-traumatized patient. Splenic injuries however, may be solitary. Since the duodenum and pancreas lie in the depth of the abdominal cavity, they are to some extent surrounded and cushioned against impact by the overhanging liver, the lower lateral and posterior rib cage and the vertebral column. The spleen, on the other hand, is attached to its vascular pedicle, but very mobile and susceptible of injuries involving deceleration and direct blunt trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1980

Immunoreactive glucagon and insulin C-peptide in man after resection of the pancreas and total pancreatectomy.

Pancreatic-type glucagon (PTG) has been found in the plasma of totally pancreatectomized human beings. Arginine infusion, however, caused no increase in PTG. Pancreas-resected patients had a normal response of PTG to arginine and a subnormal increase in C peptide. Gut glucagon-like immunoreactants (gut GLI) were increased in resected patients and further increased in totally pancreatectomized patients. Gut GLI showed no change during arginine stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Relationship between plasma pH and pancreatic HCO3- secretion at different intravenous secretin infusion rates.

The relationship between pancreatic HCO3- secretion and plasma pH during acute systemic acid-base changes was investigated in 6 anesthetized, artificially ventilated pigs (20-25 kg) at 2 different, i.v. secretion infusion rates. At 0.45 C.U./kg b. wt. h-1 secretin infusion and plasma pH 7.40 +/- 0.01 pancreatic HCO3- secretion averaged 61+/- 12 mumol/min. Stepwise lowering of plasma pH through i.v. infusion of HCl and CO2 administration to inspired air proportionately reduced secretion rate; estimated zero HCO3- secretion occurring at plasma pH 7.01. Subsequent i.v. secretin infusion at 2.70 C.U./kg b. wt. h-1 increased HCO3- secretion to 249 +/- 42 mumol/min at plasma pH 7.33 + 0.04; stepwise lowering of plasma pH proportionately reduced HCO3- secretion to estimated zero at plasma pH 6.71. A reduction of plasma pH by 0.1 pH unit reduced HCO3- secretion during low and high rate of i.v. secretin infusion by 18 +/- 3 mumol/min and 35 +/- 8 mumol/min, respectively. Secretin infusion rate did not affect pancreatic chloride excretion. These findings support the view that secretin increases HCO3- secretion, and hence proton transport to the interstitial fluid, by augmenting the proton motive force developed by HCO3- secreting cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of glucose on plasma immunoreactive secretin in normal man and after gastrectomy or pancreatectomy.

Oral intake of glucose increased the peripheral plasma immunoreactive secretin (IRS) concentration in patients after total pancreatectomy with duodenectomy (p < 0.05) and in patients after total gastrectomy (p < 0.01). In young healthy volunteers and in patients after partial gastrectomy, no effect on IRS was observed. Intravenous glucose reduced the IRS concentration in pancreatectomized patients (p < 0.05), whereas IRS was only reduced in young healthy volunteers when intravenous glucose was followed by oral glucose after an interval of 10 min (p < 0.025). The abnormal IRS release in pancreatectomized patients and in patients after total gastrectomy might be due to rapid intestinal passage and/or increased splanchnic blood flow induced by hypertonic glucose. A third possibility is that a glucose-induced increase in bile flow might release IRS.

Administration, Oral↗