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Biomedical subjects

S Asikainen

Publications and source records attributed to S Asikainen.

99 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Subgingival microflora and periodontal conditions in healthy teenagers.

The composition of subgingival flora was correlated with clinical periodontal conditions in 100 teenagers aged 12 to 17 years. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was used for the clinical examination. Subgingival bacterial samples were taken from the mesial surface of each first molar, two samples for dark-field microscopy and two samples for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) cultivation. Fifty-nine subjects had at least three healthy sextants. Score 1 was the highest CPITN recording in 61 subjects and Score 2 in 30 subjects. None had scores 3 or 4. In dark-field microscopy, cocci predominated in most samples. Straight rods, fusiforms and motile rods correlated negatively to the number of healthy sextants per subject. Straight rods and fusiforms showed a positive correlation to gingival bleeding tendency at the sampled site. A.a. was isolated in four subjects. Motile microorganisms and A.a. were detected rarely in subjects with good periodontal conditions.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1986

Occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and spirochetes in relation to age in localized juvenile periodontitis.

Occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) and spirochetes was examined in relation to the age of patients suffering from localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Twenty LJP patients were divided into three age groups: 14-16, 17-19, and 20-25 years of age. Two sites with radiographic alveolar bone loss and two sites without bone loss were examined in each patient. Probing depth, gingival bleeding after probing, and orthopantomographic alveolar bone loss were recorded. Subgingival bacterial samples were taken from the same four sites for cultivation of A.a., and for dark-field microscopic assessment of spirochetes. A.a. was isolated in the youngest group more frequently than in the two older ones. Spirochetes were detected in the youngest group as well, but were not related to the age of the patients. A.a. occurred as frequently with as without spirochetes, both in pockets exhibiting and not exhibiting bone loss. There was no difference in the spirochete proportions between the A.a.-positive and -negative sites. The occurrence of A.a. was not related to the absence, presence, or proportions of the spirochetes, but, unlike the situation with spirochetes, was related to the age of the LJP patients. Thus the occurrence of A.a. is possibly associated with the activity of the disease.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1985

Reliability of standardized narrow strips in the Periotron.

In clinical practice the authors have found the 2-mm wide Periopaper slightly too large for insertion into the gingival crevice. This study investigated the reliability of Periotron readings for quantitation of gingival fluid when using filter paper strips which are narrower than the Periopaper. The round-ended strips were cut to a standard size 1 mm wide and 15 mm long using a conchotome. A microsyringe was used to deposit 0.1 microliter of four different fluids (distilled water, undiluted horse serum, diluted horse (1:2) and human (1:2) sera) onto Periopaper and the narrow S-690 strips. The moistened end of each strip was placed between the jaws of both the Periotron 600 and the Periotron 6000, and the maximum digital reading was recorded in two series of 20 measurements for each of the four fluids and two strips, giving a total of 640 assessments. A comparison between the two series confirmed the excellent reproducibility of Periotron readings. The comparison between strips revealed from 10% (Periotron 600) to 20% (Periotron 6000) lower readings for the S-690 than for the Periopaper strips for all fluids. The SD of the readings for both the S-690 and the Periopaper strip was low enough to make the difference between strips statistically significant. The slightly lower readings obtained with the narrow S-690 strip were found as reliable as those recorded when using Periopaper.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1984

Gingival bleeding after chlorhexidine rinses with or without mechanical oral hygiene.

In a previous paper a slight increase in gingival bleeding tendency was reported after the use of chlorhexidine rinses in dental students with clinically healthy gingivae. For further clarification of this finding the study was repeated using a split mouth approach. 30 dental students brushed the teeth in either the left or the right side of their mouth twice daily during a 7-day period. After each brushing, they rinsed for 1 min with 10 ml of a 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution. Both the Plaque Index (P1I) scores and the bleeding tendency after massage of the gingival margin were low at the initial examination. The low P1I scores at baseline were further reduced on both sides of the jaws. On the side which was only rinsed the P1I scores were higher than on the side of combined mechanical and chemical cleaning. The gingival bleeding tendency was found to decrease on the brushed side and to increase on the side which was only rinsed. An increased bleeding tendency was most often observed in those individuals whose gingivae were the healthiest at baseline. A SEM analysis of the 2 sides of the dentition indicated that bleeding after chlorhexidine rinses may be associated with irritation from debris which, after the 7-day period of no mechanical oral hygiene measures, seemed to obliterate the gingival sulcus.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1982

Gingival bleeding after chlorhexidine mouthrinses.

During a clinical trial for evaluating the antiplaque effect of two flavoured chlorhexidine rinses, the observation was made that bleeding after gentle massage of the gingival margin occurred more often after chemical than after mechanical oral hygiene measures. In order to ascertain the validity of this unexpected observation, the same dental students participated in a repetition of the trial 18 months later. The results of the two trials indicate that gingival bleeding after gentle massage of the margin with the side of a periodontal probe actually occurs more frequently after rinsing twice daily with a 0.2% aqueous chlorhexidine solution for 1 week than after meticulous mechanical oral hygiene measures during an equally long time period. The average frequency of bleeding, in per cent of all examined gingival units, ranged from 1.3% after mechanical cleaning of the teeth to 5.4% after rinsing with chlorhexidine for 1 week. Neither the frequency of bleeding nor the difference between mechanical and chemical plaque control were considered to be of clinical significance. Further microbiological and histological studies are being conducted in an attempt to clarify the reason for the observed bleeding tendency.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1981

Plaque-inhibiting effect of two flavored chlorhexidine mouth rinses.

An experimental study was designed for assessement of whether two recently marketed flavored chlorhexidine mouthrinses, Hibitane Dental (ICI) and Plak-Out (Hawe), have a good plaque-inhibiting effect as the 0.2% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine gluconate. Thirteen dental students used in different sequences each one of the three rinses fro 1 week by rinsing twice daily for 1 min. During the rinsing periods no other oral hygiene measures were allowed. Between two rinsing periods the subjects cleaned their teeth mechanically for 1 week. At the start of each test and control period, the teeth were professionally cleaned with rubber cups and an abrasive paste. At the end of the five 1-week periods the mesial, lingual and facial aspects of the teeth in the right halves of the jaws of each participant were scored for the Plaque Index by the same investigator. After the mechanical cleaning, higher PII scores were recorded than after the chlorhexidine rinses. No difference could be observed among the PII scores after rinsing with the aqueous or the two flavored chlorhexidine solutions.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1979

Plaque growth while chewing sorbitol and xylitol simultaneously with sucrose flavored gum.

In a recent study, sorbitol flavored chewing gum was found neither to increase nor decrease the normal rate of plaque formation, whereas high plaque scores were obtained with sucrose gum during 4 days of no mechanical tooth cleaning. The aim of the present study was to see if chewing sorbitol or xylitol flavored gum together with sucrose gum would affect the growth rate of plaque and whether chewing of xylitol flavored gum could reduce the amount of already formed plaque. Twenty-seven dental students refrained from mechanical oral hygiene measures from Monday to Friday morning for 3 weeks. The students were randomly divided into three groups. A three time crossed-over double-blind approach was used. During each test period one group chewed a combination of one piece sorbitol and one piece sucrose flavored gum five times per day, the second group correspondingly chewed xylitol and sucrose flavored gum, while the third group served as a no hygiene control group. After each test period the students in the control group chewed one piece of xylitol gum every 15 minutes for 2.5 hours. The participants started out each week with clean teeth and were at the end of each test period scored for visible plaque on the facial, mesial and lingual surfaces of their teeth. There was somewhat more plaque after 4 days of chewing sucrose-sorbitol and sucrose-xylitol gum combinations than after no oral hygiene alone. There was no difference between the two test treatments. The 2.5-hour chewing of xylitol flavored gum after the no oral hygiene period did not result in a reduction of the 4-day-old plaque.

Chewing Gum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Typing of mutans streptococci by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.

The discriminative power of the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) in differentiating between Streptococcus mutans and Strep. sobrinus species, serotypes and clones was investigated. Mutans streptococcal isolates (12(7)) obtained from 65 individuals (1-10 isolates per individual) were AP-PCR typed separately with two random primers, OPA-05 and OPA-13. Bacterial cell lysates were used as a template in PCR reactions, which made AP-PCR easy and fast to perform. Eighty-one isolates from 19 individuals were also ribotyped to compare the discriminative ability of ribotyping and AP-PCR techniques. AP-PCR performed with the two primers differentiated between Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus isolates, but neither primer detected serotype-specific amplification products. OPA-05 distinguished two main AP-PCR patterns among Strep. mutans isolates and one main pattern among Strep. sobrinus isolates, whereas OPA-13 found one main AP-PCR pattern among Strep. mutans isolates and two main patterns among Strep. sobrinus isolates. Ribotyping and AP-PCR revealed 40 and 33 different types among 81 selected isolates, respectively. Both techniques detected intra-individual heterogeneity in 16 out of 19 participants. The results indicate that AP-PCR has good discriminative ability in differentiating between mutans streptococcal clones and that the technique is suitable for epidemiological studies on mutans streptococci.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗