Chromaffin cell survival prolonged by nerve growth factor from pretransected sciatic nerve.
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Adrenal Medulla↗
Biomedical subjects
S Asari
Publications and source records attributed to S Asari.
[Clinical usefulness of microparticle enzyme immunoassay for HBeAg and HBeAb in chronic hepatitis B patients].
A study was made of 73 samples from 6 chronic hepatitis B patients, 2 out of the 6 cases were non-treated and the 4 cases were interferon treated HBeAg, HBeAb, s-ALT and HBV-DNA. Detection of HBeAg and HBeAb were assayed by AxSYM system (Dainabot), which were based on microparticle enzyme immunoassay. 1) Fifty-three out of 73 samples showed positive for HBeAg; 45 samples showed only HBeAg positive (Group A) and 8 samples showed HBeAg and HBeAb positive (Group B). The positive ratios of HBV-DNA in each group 91.1% (41/45) and 50.0% (4/8), respectively and 4 out of the rest 20 samples that showed only HBeAb positive also showed HBV-DNA positive. The above 12 discrepant samples between HBeAg and HBV-DNA were collected from 4 chronic hepatitis B patients who became normal s-ALT levels after liver injury. The HBeAg S/N ratio (sample/negative control) of these samples were near the cutoff value (S/N = 2.1). 2) Comparing the movement between HBeAg and s-ALT levels in 6 chronic hepatitis B patients, the changes of HBeAg S/N ratio were related with the changes of s-ALT. The changes of HBeAg S/N ratio were observed before the movement of s-ALT. In conclusion, the detection of HBeAg/HBeAb by AxSYM system was useful to monitor the clinical course of chronic hepatitis B patients.
Chronic Disease↗
[Change of hepatitis B surface antigen in serum from patients with chronic hepatitis B].
To study the clinical significance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in chronic hepatitis B, sera from five patients with chronic hepatitis B HBsAg levels were measured quantitatively by counting immunoassay (CIA). CIA is an immunoassay that combines the latex agglutination method and particle counting technique. The results were as follow: 1) In four patients with chronic active hepatitis, the increases of HBsAg levels were earlier than that of alanine aminotransferase levels, and HBsAg levels had approximately the same changes as hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase (HBV DNA-p) activities. 2) In four patients treated with interferon-alpha or beta, HBsAg levels after treatment decreased in the same manner as HBV DNA-p activities. 3) In a patient with chronic inactivate hepatitis. HBsAg levels were the same changes as HBV DNA-p activities. These results suggested that quantitative analysis of HBsAg levels is useful to evaluate the prognosis and exacerbation for chronic hepatitis B.
Adult↗
Two-year follow-up study of a patient with Parkinson's disease and severe motor fluctuations treated by co-grafts of adrenal medulla and peripheral nerve into bilateral caudate nuclei: case report.
We performed co-grafts of adrenal medulla and peripheral nerve into the bilateral caudate nuclei of a 43-year-old patient with advanced Parkinson's disease who showed severe daily motor fluctuations before surgery. There were no postoperative complications, and a 2-year follow-up result is presented. The patient showed a gradual and significant amelioration of the parkinsonian symptoms starting 2 weeks after transplantation. The alleviation of akinesia during "off" periods was the most apparent clinical improvement and continued for 2 years after surgery. The dosage of L-dopa/benserazide was significantly reduced after surgery compared with that before surgery. The results indicate that co-grafts of adrenal medulla with peripheral nerve may be useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in the long term.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Meningiomas arising from the falcotentorial junction. Clinical features, neuroimaging studies, and surgical treatment.
Meningiomas arising from the falcotentorial junction are extremely rare. The authors describe the clinical features, neuroimaging studies, and results of surgical treatment of meningiomas of the falcotentorial junction and clarify the characteristics of this lesion based on a review of the literature and seven patients treated at their institution. The most common symptoms resulted from intracranial hypertension. Upward-gaze palsy appeared in only one patient. Computerized tomography (CT) showed no specific findings, but there was no evidence of edema around the tumor. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a round, smooth-bordered mass with a peritumoral rim, without edema, and showing marked contrast enhancement. The multiplanar capability of MR imaging delineated the relationship between the tumor and adjacent structures better than did CT. Detailed knowledge of the vascular structures, especially evidence of occlusion of the galenic venous system and the development of collateral venous channels, is critical for successful surgery; stereoscopic cerebral angiography is necessary to achieve this aim. The seven patients described developed five types of collateral venous channels: through the basal vein of Rosenthal to the petrosal vein, through the veins on the medial surface of the parietal and occipital lobes to the superior sagittal sinus, through superficial anastomotic veins, through veins of the posterior fossa to the transverse or straight sinus, and through the falcian veins to the superior sagittal sinus. The first three types mainly developed after occlusion of the galenic system. The tumors were removed through the occipital transtentorial approach with a large window at the posterior part of the falx. A favorable prognosis for patients undergoing surgical treatment of falcotentorial junction meningiomas can be expected if detailed neuroimaging studies and microsurgical techniques are used.
Adult↗
Induction of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase after cortical contusion injury during hypothermia.
To determine the effect of hypothermia on superoxide injury after cerebral contusion, the induction of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase was examined 6 h after contusion in rats using Northern blotting. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase gene expression increased at the periphery of the contusion, which may indicate the severity of the superoxide stimulus. This increase was preserved after contusion under hypothermia, which may show that superoxide injury is still severe although brain edema is decreased.
Animals↗
Effect of host age upon the degree of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system recovery following cografts of adrenal medulla and pretransected peripheral nerve.
Accumulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to occur at the distal stump of pretransected peripheral nerve. We performed adrenal medullary grafts or cografts of adrenal medulla and distal stump of pretransected peripheral nerve into the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated young or aging mice. We subsequently compared the survivability of chromaffin cells and the degree of host dopaminergic (DA) fiber recovery in relation to host age. In both young and aging hosts, adrenal medullary chromaffin cells cografted with pretransected peripheral nerve survived better than those in adrenal grafts alone. Host DA fiber recovery, however, showed less recovery and more restriction around the grafted site in aging compared with young hosts. We conclude that pretransected peripheral nerve can enhance the survivability of cografted chromaffin cells both in young and in aging hosts, but that DA fiber recovery is more limited in aging hosts compared to young hosts.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
Detection of endogenous albumin as an index of blood parenchymal border alteration.
We used a microdialysis technique to establish a method to detect sequential changes in disruption of the blood parenchymal border. Twelve cats were divided into two groups; one group underwent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes, the other a cold injury model. Microdialysis probes were implanted bilaterally into the white matter, and dialysates were collected successively at 30 minute intervals for 6 hours in the occlusion model and 4 hours in the cold injury model. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured simultaneously using the hydrogen clearance method. The water content of the white matter was measured using specific gravity. The proteins in the dialysate were analyzed using electrophoresis with silver stain, and, with densitometric analysis, the density of the 66.2 kDa band was quantified as albumin. The ratio of this density to the preoperative density was defined as the "albumin index." On the side of the lesion in the cold injury model, this index significantly increased 3 hours after the cold injury compared with the contralateral side, and a correlation between the water content and this index was observed. The albumin index was believed to indicate the severity of disruption of the blood parenchymal border.
Animals↗
Endogenous superoxide dismutase activity in reperfusion injuries.
To elucidate the relationship between reperfusion injuries and free radicals, we monitored the endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by intracerebral microdialysis. Six cats underwent a transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes after microdialysis probes were implanted bilaterally into the white matter under the ectosylvian gyrus. Dialysates were collected at 30 minute intervals over the course of 5 hours after reperfusion. The SOD activity of the dialysates was measured with electron spin resonance spectrometry. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured simultaneously and the water content of the white matter was assayed at the end of the experiment. After reperfusion, SOD activity increased significantly in the first 30 minutes compared with the preoperative value, and decreased over 4-4.5 hours and 4.5-5 hours in the occluded side. The water content in the occluded side was significantly higher than that in the contralateral side. The highest SOD activity during reperfusion and the water content in the occluded side seemed to correlate, although not significantly. A leakage of intracellular SOD or a reactive increase of SOD activity in response to the reperfusion injury are possible mechanisms of increase in extracellular SOD.
Animals↗
Assessment of the pathological grade of astrocytic gliomas using an MRI score.
To evaluate the usefulness of an MRI score for identifying tumour tissue characteristics, 41 histologically verified supratentorial astrocytic gliomas, including 13 low-grade astrocytomas (LGA) 14 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) and 14 glioblastoma multiformes (GBM), were examined with a 0.5T superconductive MR imager. Nine MRI criteria were used: heterogeneity (HET), cyst formation or necrosis (CN), haemorrhage (HEM), crossing the midline (CM), oedema or mass effect (EM), border definition (BD), flow void (FV), degree (CE-D) and heterogeneity (CE-HET) of contrast enhancement; Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images were obtained in 32 cases (10 LGA, 10 AA, and 12 GBM). Each of the criteria was scored and analysed statistically. The mean values of LGA, AA and GBM were 0.45 +/- 0.31, 1.18 +/- 0.20, and 1.47 +/- 0.22, respectively. The MRI score increased with the pathological grades (P < 0.01-0.001). LGA had significantly lower values than AA in five (HET, CN, EM, BD, CE-D) of the nine criteria (55.6%) and lower values than GBM in all except HEM (88.9%). Three criteria (33.3%): HET, CN, and FV were significantly higher in GBM than AA. CE-D, HET, EM, CN, and CE-HET proved to be related to the pathological grade by a multiple regression analysis (P < 0.001).
Adolescent↗
Superoxide scavenging activity in vitro and in the cerebral extracellular space measured by microdialysis.
Using the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping method and a high molecular cut-off membrane, we measured the superoxide scavenging activity in dialysates obtained from microdialysis. The activity in the dialysates of the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) solution and feline serum were measured in vitro, and the recovery rate was calculated to be 12.88 +/- 0.9% in Cu,Zn-SOD solution and 21.52 +/- 4.38 in feline serum, which was significantly different. This difference was believed to originate from the higher osmotic pressure due to proteins in the serum and substances other than Cu,Zn-SOD that acted as antioxidants in the serum. In an in vivo study, microdialysis probes were implanted into the cerebral hemispheres in 6 cats. The sequential changes of superoxide scavenging activity were measured for 16 h and during induced cardiac arrest. No significant difference was observed and the microdialysis technique itself did not seem to cause the significant alteration of the activity in the extracellular space, although at cardiac arrest, the activity varied widely. This method can be used to study the reaction against superoxide injury in further experiments involving brain insult.
Animals↗
Efficacy of pretransection of peripheral nerve for promoting the survival of cografted chromaffin cells and recovery of host dopaminergic fibers in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration in the distal stump of the transected peripheral nerve has been shown to increase more than 20 times one day after transection. We performed adrenal medullary alone grafts or cografts of adrenal medulla and acutely transected or pretransected (24 h before) sciatic nerve into the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice, and compared the survival of chromaffin cells and the recovery of the host-intrinsic dopaminergic fibers using tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry and high-performance liquid chromatography. We also performed peripheral nerve alone grafting (acutely transected or pretransected) for comparison. Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells cografted with pretransected sciatic nerve survived better than those in adrenal grafts alone or those cografted with acutely transected sciatic nerve. Host dopaminergic fiber recovery was also most prominent in mice cografted with pretransected peripheral nerve. Animals receiving grafts of peripheral nerve alone showed limited recovery of host dopaminergic fibers and the degree of recovery was lower than that of animals receiving cografts of adrenal medulla with pretransected peripheral nerve. We conclude that pretransected peripheral nerve enhanced the survival of cografted chromaffin cells and this increased survival led to promote the recovery of host-intrinsic dopaminergic fibers. This grafting procedure might be promising in application to patients with Parkinson's disease.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
Long-term outcome of surgically treated unruptured cerebral aneurysms.
We report the surgical morbidity and mortality and the results of statistical analysis based on the long-term outcome (average 50.1 months) of 69 patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms. These patients harbored a total of 76 unruptured cerebral aneurysms, 72 larger than 3 mm in diameter. All the latter were surgically treated. There was no operative mortality. Operative morbidity occurred in 5 patients (7.2%), including hemiplegia in 2 from obliteration of perforator vessels, transient memory impairment in 2 due to brain retraction, and transient oculomotor nerve palsy in 1 patient resulting from an unknown etiology. During the observation period, 53 patients (76.8%) had a good or fair outcome, 11 (15.9%) had a poor outcome, and 5 (7.3%) died from causes unrelated to the aneurysms, such as pneumonia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and heart failure. The 5-year survival rate was 94%. Statistical analysis of the long-term outcome of all patients showed no significantly important factor influencing long-term morbidity. Prophylactic surgery of aneurysm is recommended for low-risk patients who may develop eventual rupture of an aneurysm, but perforator vessels around the aneurysm should be preserved, clips should be properly placed, and brain retraction should be minimized.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of gelatin particle agglutination method for detection of Treponema pallidum antibody].
Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (HA) is one of the most frequently used methods for the detection of Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) antibodies. Recently, an innovative agglutination method using artificial carriers was newly developed, and is now available as a routine method. In order to compare the newly developed particle agglutination (PA) method (FUJIREBIO INC.) with the conventional HA method, T. pallidum antibody titers of numerous sera were measured by respective methods. In the stability study, reconstituted reagent was stable for at least three weeks. Sample inactivation (56 degrees C/30 min) demonstrated no effect on the test results. Among 800 sera, 132 (16.6%) positives (+), 633 (79.1%) negatives (-) and (4.3%) indeterminates (+) were obtained by HA method. Meanwhile, 144 (18.0%) positives (+), 627 (78.4%) negatives (-) and 29 (3.6%) indeterminates (+) were obtained by PA method. The correlation between PA and HA method was 97.8%, and the antibody titers obtained by PA method showed good correlation with HA method. Those samples which showed discrepancy between PA and HA method in the above study were further examined with fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) method. The results obtained from FTA-ABS method were almost consistent with those obtained from PA method. For respective syphilis patients in stage I and II, antibody titer was monitored by HA, PA and RPR method. The results indicated that changes in antibody titer obtained from PA method was approximately the same as the titer changes obtained from RPR method. Namely, PA method detected the presence of IgM earlier than HA method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Agglutination Tests↗
Cografts of adrenal medulla with peripheral nerve for Parkinson's disease.
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Adrenal Medulla↗
Superoxide scavenging activity in the extracellular space of the brain in forming edema.
We carried out a time course study of cerebral superoxide scavenging activity using a modified microdialysis technique. Twelve cats were divided into two groups; six were the reperfusion injury models, and six were cold injury models. In the reperfusion injury model, dialysates were collected during 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and at 300 minutes during reperfusion. In the cold injury model, dialysates were collected 240 minutes after the injury. Regional cerebral blood flow on the injured side decreased during occlusion in the reperfusion injury model and 60 minutes after injury in the cold injury model. In the reperfusion model, superoxide scavenging activity, as determined with electron spin resonance, increased in the first 30 minutes and decreased 300 and 330 minutes after occlusion. In the dialysate, albumin increased 180 minutes after cold injury, which may show the progress of vasogenic edema. An increase in water content was observed on the injured side of both models, and a correlation between water content and superoxide scavenging activity was found in the reperfusion injury model. By this technique, a method of detecting the alteration of superoxide scavenging activity in the extracellular space of the brain was established.
Animals↗
Growth and rupture of unruptured cerebral aneurysms based on the intraoperative appearance.
The growth and rupture of 40 cerebral aneurysms was studied in 36 patients (14 men, 22 women; were average age, 51.8 years). Aneurysms were classified into five types according to the intraoperative findings: type 1, uniformly thin, smooth surface; type 2, thin neck and thick wall, smooth surface with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 3, uniformly thick wall, smooth surface with or without red portions; type 4, thick neck, bubbled or loculated thin wall at dome with or without red and/or transparent portions; type 5, thick wall in entirety, irregular surface with or without red portions. Five were type 1, six type 2, and 12 type 3. In four of the type 2 aneurysms, turbulence could be seen at the neck. In seven of the type 3 aneurysms, red and/or transparent portions were observed in the wall. Thirteen were type 4; nine of which had a bubbled or loculated wall with or without red and/or transparent portions. Four were type 5, with scattered red portions but a thick wall. Type 1 aneurysms were 2-5 mm, most of types 2 and 3 were 3-6 mm, type 4 were 3-13 mm, and type 5 were more than 9 mm. Types 1 and 2 had few local changes in the wall, suggesting that aneurysms at this stage are stable. Type 3 is considered to be a transitional stage to type 4 from type 2. Type 4 aneurysms had some local changes within the wall including bubbles or loculi. We concluded that aneurysms exceeding 4 mm have local pathologic changes in the wall and are critical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Experimental analysis of brain surface elastance in cats.
Brain surface elastance, defined as the pressure needed to compress the cortex 3 mm, was measured using the ophthalmodynamometer in six cats using three burr holes (frontal, parietal, and occipital) on each side. An intracranial mass was then used to compress the right side for 3 hours, and cardiac arrest was induced after the mass was removed. Elastance was measured four times: before insertion of the mass, 10 and 70 minutes after removal of the mass, and 60 minutes after cardiac arrest. The results showed that: brain surface elastance does not change between sides, but varies among regions with the parietal region having the highest elastance; elastance increases after compression by an intracranial mass, but not after cardiac arrest; and stiff brain tends to restore poorly. Elastance is apparently increased by the formation of edema. Measuring brain elastance may be useful in predicting brain restoration subsequent to removal of mass lesions.
Animals↗