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Biomedical subjects

S Arlinger

Publications and source records attributed to S Arlinger.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Results of visual information processing tests in elderly people with presbycusis.

In a group of 21 elderly subjects with mild to moderate hearing loss of presbycusis type, a series of tests of visual information processing was performed. Cortical-evoked potentials were recorded in response to flash and to checker-board pattern stimulation. Further, five speech reading tests were administered. The results obtained in this group of elderly subjects were compared to those of a group of young normal-hearing subjects and those of a group of young subjects with congenital hearing impairment. The visual-evoked potentials showed significantly smaller N1P2-amplitude in elderly subjects than in the other two groups for both flash and checker-board pattern stimulation. The average latency of the P2-component was shorter than in both the other two groups in response to checker-board pattern stimulation. The elderly subjects scored significantly less well than the young normal-hearing group on all five speech reading tests. Linear regression analysis between the results of the five speech reading tests and those of the latency and amplitude measures of the evoked visual responses showed no significant correlations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Speech recognition in noise, temporal and spectral resolution in normal and impaired hearing.

A battery of tests for the evaluation of temporal (forward masking) and spectral (detection of frequency change; critical band for masking; psychoacoustic tuning curve) resolution in hearing with regard to the importance for speech recognition in noise has been applied to two groups of subjects. One group of 10 listeners had normal hearing, while the other consisted of 11 subjects with moderate, sloping sensorineural hearing loss. Significant differences were found between the two groups in all parameters except critical bandwidth for masking. Correlation analysis on the test results from the combined groups of subjects showed that speech recognition in noise was best correlated with the average hearing threshold levels at 2 and 4 kHz, followed by forward masking and psychoacoustic tuning curves at 4 kHz. The correlation coefficients were approximately 0.7, 0.6 and 0.55, respectively. Detection of frequency change and critical bandwidth show the lowest correlations to speech recognition in noise.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels for insert earphones.

Insert earphones, coupled to the ear canal by means of a long plastic tube and soft ear plug (Etymotic Research ER-3A Tubephone) are being used for a number of audiometric applications as an alternative to supra-aural earphones. This report presents the results of hearing threshold level measurements in 36 ears of young, otologically normal listeners. The results are expressed as mean sound pressure levels measured on a 2 cm3 coupler according to IEC 126 as well as on an ear simulator according to IEC 711.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Visual evoked potentials: relation to adult speechreading and cognitive function.

This study investigated the putative relationship between visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and specific aspects of speechreading. The nature and constraints of the relationship between VEPs and cognitive functioning was also examined. The original finding of Shepherd, DeLavergne, Frueh, and Clobridge (1977) that visual-neural speed (VN 130) predicts speechreading skill was not replicated. However, the picture is rather complex in that we find significant correlations for some context-free word discrimination and sign-alphabet testing conditions. These correlations occur only for the VN 130/P 200 peak-to-peak amplitude measure, not for neural speed. Nevertheless, visual-neural speed (VN 130 and P 200) was relevant to certain aspects of long-term memory access (i.e., letter matching, Posner & Mitchell, 1967) and to complex short-term memory function (i.e., reading span, Baddeley, Logie, Nimmo-Smith, & Brereton, 1985).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Air-bone gap in Menière's disease after exposure to overpressure.

Equal loss in sensitivity for air and bone conduction and poor speech discrimination are considered characteristic of the hearing impairment in Menière's disease. Periodic pressure changes applied to the middle ear produced an air-bone gap in 16 out of 19 patients with advanced Menière's disease. The air-bone gap was associated with an improvement in speech discrimination scores. Subsequently, the air-conduction hearing loss decreased. The shapes of psychoacoustic tuning curves of patients with the air-bone gaps showed an improvement in frequency resolution. The curves remained elevated in threshold, however, which indicates an attenuation of the sound stimuli. The relative change in bone conduction sensitivity was interpreted as an early sign of improvement in the inner ear mechanics, caused by exposure to pressure changes.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of 2-dB and 5-dB step size in pure-tone audiometry.

With the purpose of comparing test-retest reliability, pure-tone audiometry with a step size of 2 and 5 dB using the ascending technique was performed on two groups of subjects. One group consisted of 10 normal-hearing subjects and the other of 10 subjects with moderate cochlear hearing loss. The statistical analysis of the overall estimation of standard deviation obtained with the different step sizes showed no significant difference in any group. However, at 3 000 and 4 000 Hz in the cochlear group a significantly lower standard deviation was obtained with the smaller step size. The number of threshold crossings required to fulfil the threshold criterion increased significantly with the smaller step size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Quantifying psychoacoustic tuning curves for clinical use.

Psychoacoustic tuning curves (PTCs) were obtained in a number of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects using a simultaneous tone-on-tone masking technique. PTCs at three different centre frequencies (500, 1,000 and 2,000 Hz) were studied. In order to estimate the degree of frequency selectivity of the inner ear, an algorithm for quantification of PTCs was constructed. The method of linear regression was used to calculate the slopes of the linearized curves. Three different parameters of the curve, the low and high frequency slope and the height of the curve, were calculated using computer programs which allowed automatic evaluation of the data. The values of these parameters concerning normal and hearing-impaired subjects are presented in terms of scores and percentages of normal values. The algorithm for quantification of PTCs presented in this paper may in clinical work serve as a method of evaluating auditory frequency selectivity, particularly for very abnormal PTCs.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of manual and computer-controlled audiometry using identical procedures.

Ten normal-hearing subjects were evaluated with both manual and computer controlled audiometry using the ascending threshold determination method as proposed by ISO. The study shows that the thresholds obtained with the two different techniques correlate well and that standard deviations for the test--retest difference are significantly lower in the computer-controlled situation. The results also indicate that computer-controlled audiometry may be of importance in general clinical applications giving rapid and reliable threshold determination.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cortical magnetic fields evoked by frequency glides of a continuous tone.

Frequency glides from a continuous tone have been shown to produce activity from the human cortex that can be recorded as time-varying magnetic fields outside the scalp in the same way as simpler auditory stimuli such as clicks and tone bursts. Data analysis has been based on a model assuming an equivalent current dipole localized close to the skull surface. Recorded data have shown good agreement with such a model. Interhemispheric differences have been shown in the location of this dipole, as well as with regard to dipole moment and latencies of responses to contralateral stimulation. The location of the equivalent dipole for frequency glide stimulation is close to that previously reported for tone pulse stimulation. However, the results indicate that differences in location of the order of 10 mm may exist. Comparing previously reported electric responses to frequency glides indicates essentially qualitative agreement although some significant differences have also been found. This is interpreted as evidence that at least the major contributions to the two types of response are produced by the same generator in the temporal lobe of the human cortex.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Reliability of bone-conducted electrocochleography. A clinical study.

The correlation between pure-tone bone conduction thresholds (BC) and thresholds obtained by electrocochleography with bone conducted stimulation (BC-ECoG) for 1, 2, 4 and 8 kHz was studied in 26 ears due for ear surgery. The correlations proved to be statistically highly significant and the results lend support to the conclusion that BC-ECoG can be considered to be well adapted for clinical use in cases where conventional audiometry has failed to reveal the capacity of the cochlea.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1982

Normal threshold of hearing at preferred frequencies.

Hearing thresholds have been determined on 10 young normal-hearing subjects at the preferred frequencies for acoustical measurements in steps of 1/3 octave from 500 to 8000 Hz. The study has been done in conjunction with the task given to ISO/TC43/WG1 to produce an international standard on normal thresholds of hearing at these frequencies. The results are given as equivalent threshold sound pressure levels measured on acoustic coupler according to IEC 303 and on artificial ear according to IEC 318.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1981

Early auditory electric responses to fast amplitude and frequency tone glides.

Using the standard far-field technique for auditory brain stem responses early electrical responses have been recorded, evoked by stimulation using brief frequency or amplitude glides of a continuous pure tone of 1 kHz at 60 dB HL. The glide duration was always 1 msec and its magnitude in the range of 50--100% relative frequency change or 5--20 dB sound level change. Ten normal-hearing subjects were studied. The responses recorded were generally dominated by a vertex positive-negative-positive wave complex in the 4--9 msec latency range. The wave form was significantly different from the AER evoked by clicks or brief tone bursts. The origin of the different response components is not clear; a cochlear origin of the first vertex-positive component is a possibility. Although responses to frequency and amplitude glides were similar in most respects there were some statistically significant differences which may be related to different auditory processing of amplitude and frequency modulation. Distinctly clearer responses were recorded to positive glides, i.e., increasing frequency or amplitude, than to negative glides. This is in contrast with psychoacoustic detection thresholds and slow cortical responses to frequency glides, which have shown essentially symmetry, but in agreement with such findings in response to amplitude glides. The findings do not agree with previously published results on VIII nerve compound action potentials in response to brief frequency glides.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

Ossicular manipulation in chronic ear surgery. An electrocochleographic study.

Twelve patients were submitted to ossicular dissections for between 2 1/2 and 35 minutes during ear surgery. A comparison between premanipulatory and portmanipulatory electrocochleographic threshold determinations did not disclose any thrshold shifts. The results lend support to the conclusion that manipulations on ;the ossicular chain, performed with customary care, are less harmful to the inner ear than other generally recognized threats to the cochlea during surgery, eg, perilymph fistulae and acoustic traumas from the drill.

Cochlea↗