Are enterobacterial common antigens involved in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
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Antigens, Bacterial↗
Biomedical subjects
S Aoki
Publications and source records attributed to S Aoki.
Cerebral aneurysms: detection and delineation using 3-D-CT angiography.
PURPOSE: We compared three-dimensional image (3-D-CT) angiography with conventional angiography to determine the clinical usefulness of this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 15 patients with cerebral aneurysms using dynamic CT with intravenous injection of contrast material and reconstructed 3-D-CT angiography. RESULTS: 3-D-CT angiography could be performed in conjunction with standard axial high-resolution CT without any additional scanning time and within 10-30 minutes for the overall study. All aneurysms were clearly visualized by 3-D-CT angiography. 3-D-reconstruction was very helpful in demonstrating the neck, shape, and direction of aneurysms, and adjacent vascular and bony structures. One small aneurysm that was difficult to detect on axial images was clearly visualized on 3-D-reconstruction. CONCLUSION: 3-D-CT angiography of cerebral aneurysms could be performed routinely and was helpful in demonstrating the complex anatomy of cerebral aneurysms and surrounding structures. This technique will be of value in surgical planning.
Adult↗
Embolization of extensive facial arteriovenous malformation via the orbital branches of the ophthalmic artery.
Facial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) occasionally involves the orbit, and surgery for the orbital portion is complicated by its hypervascularity. We successfully embolized the orbital branches of the ophthalmic artery to decrease intraoperative bleeding of a facial AVM, sparing the ocular branches. There has been only one report dealing with embolization of the orbital branches of the ophthalmic artery.
Adult↗
Contrast-enhanced MR images in patients with meningioma: importance of enhancement of the dura adjacent to the tumor.
Linear enhancement (flare sign) along the dura mater that was continuous with or emanated from the dural margin of meningiomas was frequently observed on contrast-enhanced MR images obtained in 18 patients with intracranial meningiomas (surgically proved). Preoperative MR studies obtained at 1.5 T after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine were reviewed retrospectively to determine the clinical significance of this sign. Thirteen (72%) of the 18 meningiomas exhibited the finding adjacent to the dural attachments. Four meningiomas of the cerebellopontine angle showed enhancement along the internal auditory canals. Three specimens of the dura adjacent to the tumor in different patients with this finding revealed proliferation of connective tissues abounding with vessels along the dura without definite tumor invasion. The flare sign is thought to be a common finding of meningiomas on contrast-enhanced MR images obtained with high-resolution sequences, and it is observable without tumor invasion. This sign in the cerebellopontine angle should not be misinterpreted as enhancement of acoustic schwannomas.
Adult↗
Analysis of imaging parameters, relaxation time (T1,T2), and relative proton density as they influence the signal intensity of spin echo images.
It is difficult to recognize signal intensity changes on spin echo (SE) images. Clinically both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images are now used in most institutions to evaluate signal intensity changes due to different T1 and T2 of the lesions in MRI. However, these are not sufficient to understand signal intensity changes completely. The authors attempted to summarize on a two-dimensional graph the effects of T1, T2, proton density, and imaging parameters that influence signal intensities on SE images. Both end point (E) and start point (S), as defined later, depended mainly on proton density, but the former also depended on T2 and the later on T1 value. The image obtained in the former situation (near point E) was then called the T2-weighted image. Conditions to accelerate recovery and attenuation velocities (VR and VA), also mentioned later, were the same as those that increased points E and S, respectively. However, when TR was relatively short, the effect of a shorter T1 on VR was greatly emphasized. Such an image was then called the T1-weighted image.
Adult↗
Determination of inorganic tin in biological samples by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry after silica gel cleanup.
A method is described for the determination of inorganic tin in biological samples by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). A sample is extracted with ethyl acetate after addition of HCl and NaCl. The concentrated extract is passed through a silica gel column. The column is washed with ethanol, water, and 0.2N HCl successively, and then inorganic tin is eluted with 2N HCl and measured by HG-AAS. Recoveries from fish muscle spiked with 0.1 micrograms/g Sn4+ are 78.9 +/- 4.2% (average +/- standard deviation, n = 5). The detection limit is 0.01 micrograms/g as Sn.
Animals↗
31P-NMR spectroscopy of myopathies: clinical application of whole-body MR.
Patients with myopathies were examined by 31P-NMR spectroscopy using a whole body MR system operating at 1.5 T. Spectra from the femoral muscles were measured as a function of time during a post-exercise recovery period. A 4-min scanning time was used to obtain a good S/N ratio and enable us to evaluate the relative intensity and position of each absorption line. The results were expressed by PCr/Pi ratio and pH value and compared with values before exercise. Clear changes were observed in the recovery process after workload depending on the stage of disease. We were able to observe the in vivo dynamic energy metabolism of myopathies by whole-body MR.
Adult↗
Daily intakes of tributyltin and triphenyltin compounds from meals.
Daily intakes of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds from meals in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, were investigated by 2 methods. Daily intakes of TBT and TPT by the duplicate portion method were, respectively, 4.7 and 0.7 microgram in 1991 and 2.2 and 0.7 microgram in 1992. Those by the market basket method were, respectively, 6.9 and 5.4 micrograms in 1991 and 6.7 and 1.3 micrograms in 1992. Daily intakes of TBT and TPT by the market basket method were higher than those by the duplicate portion method. These values were considerably lower than acceptable daily intakes of 80 micrograms/50 kg body weight specified by the Welfare Ministry of Japan for bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide and of 25 micrograms/50 kg body weight specified by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization for TPT.
Adult↗
Direct cavernous sinus sampling.
To evaluate the potential of superselective cavernous sinus (CS) sampling in patients with functioning pituitary adenomas, we performed direct CS sampling in 18 patients with Cushing syndrome and other functioning adenomas using a mini-catheter. Samples from the inferior petrosal sinuses (IPS) were also obtained. All of the samples from 20 CS of 10 patients with Cushing syndrome and 13 of 16 samples from CS of eight patients with other adenomas were successfully obtained. No complication occurred. In three patients, the mini-catheter was introduced to the contralateral CS through intercavernous communication, and bilateral sampling could be performed via the unilateral jugular vein. The CS/peripheral (CS/P) ratio of ACTH (mean = 66.1) was significantly greater than the IPS/peripheral (IPS/P) ratio (mean = 14.9) in Cushing disease. In other functioning adenomas, the CS/P ratio (15.8) was not significantly higher than the IPS/P ratio (4.8). Direct CS sampling offers a much higher CS/P ratio than IPS/P ratio in Cushing disease, and may provide sufficient diagnostic accuracy without CRH stimulation or bilateral simultaneous sampling.
Adult↗
Market basket and duplicate portion estimation of dietary intakes of cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, manganese, and zinc by Japanese adults.
Daily intakes of selected metals from meals in Shiga Prefecture (Japan) were investigated by the duplicate portion method and market basket method. In 1991 and 1992, daily intakes of metals by women, determined by the duplicate portion method, were, respectively, 37 and 27 micrograms for Cd, 4.3 and 3.5 micrograms for Hg, 260 and 210 micrograms for As, 1200 and 1200 micrograms for Cu, 4700 and 3600 micrograms for Mn, and 8000 and 7200 micrograms for Zn. Those determined by the market basket method were, respectively, 32 and 35 micrograms for Cd, 4.3 and 9.9 micrograms for Hg, 160 and 280 micrograms for As, 1100 and 980 micrograms for Cu, 3600 and 4700 micrograms for Mn, and 8700 and 8500 micrograms for Zn. No wide differences between the 2 methods were found, except for Hg data in 1992. Daily intakes of Cd and Hg in Shiga Prefecture were lower than the provisional tolerable daily intakes of 57-72 micrograms for Cd and 43 micrograms for Hg, proposed by the Food and Agricultural Organization and the World Health Organization.
Adult↗
Levels of Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Mn, and Zn in Japanese restaurant and box lunches.
Intakes of selected elements from restaurant and box lunches in Shiga Prefecture (Japan) were investigated in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Average intakes of these elements from restaurant and box lunches were, respectively, 14 and 12 micrograms for Cd, 4.6 and 4.5 micrograms for Hg, 85 and 91 micrograms for As, 461 and 561 micrograms for Cu, 1268 and 1235 micrograms for Mn, and 3612 and 2688 micrograms of Zn. There were no great differences between the intakes from the restaurant lunches in 1993 and the box lunches in 1994. The proportion of elements from the lunches constituted 25-38% of the daily intake for Cd, As, Mn, and Zn and 51-65% of the daily intake for Hg.
Arsenic↗
Surgery and outcome of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver: historical comparison of mass screening systems in Japan.
The prognosis of patients with alveolar echinococcosis of the liver (AEL) is excellent when the lesions were completely resected, suggesting the significance of mass screening systems. We investigated resectability and prognosis of the disease with historical comparison of screening systems. The patients were classified into three groups: Group A (n = 63) detected by the current screening system, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ultrasonography, since December 1984; Group B (n = 39), detected by a serological screening system performed between 1974 and 1984; and Group C (n = 64), non-screened patients accidentally discovered. The lesions at an early stage were most frequently found in group A, and the complete resection was performed at 74.6% in A, 41.0% in B, and 18.8% in C (p < 0.0008). Five-year survival rate was 100% in A, 74.0% in B, and 69.5% in C, with a significant intergroup difference (p < 0.05). The current system facilitates early diagnosis of the disease, contributing to its resectability and to a better outcome.
Analysis of Variance↗
3D-CT angiography of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
We studied 76 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using dynamic-CT with intravenous injection of contrast material and reconstructed three-dimensional images (3D-CT angiography). All patients received stereotactic radiotherapy (gamma-knife). We compared 3D-CT angiography with conventional angiography to determine the usefulness of this technique. 3D-CT angiography could be performed in conjunction with usual axial high-resolution CT without any additional scanning time and within 10-30 minutes for the overall study. Most niduses and drainers of AVMs were clearly visualized by 3D-CT angiography. 3D-reconstruction was very helpful in demonstrating the niduses, drainers, and three-dimensional structure of AVMs. Demonstrations of feeders were not remarkable. Dynamic CT was very helpful in dose planning for gamma-knife radiosurgery, because gamma-knife angiograms were limited in terms of angles, magnification, and establishing precise localizations using a head frame. 3D-CT added information on trails of drainers and was useful in reducing the volume of irradiation. 3D-CT angiography of cerebral AVMs could be performed routinely, and three-dimensional imaging was helpful in demonstrating the complex anatomy of cerebral AVMs. This technique was very helpful in planning gamma-knife radiosurgery.
Adult↗
Detection of brain metastasis: comparison of Turbo-FLAIR imaging, T2-weighted imaging and double-dose gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging.
The purpose of this study was to compare Turbo-FLAIR imaging, T2-weighted imaging, and double-dose gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging in the detection of brain metastasis. Using the three sequences, 20 consecutive patients with brain metastases were prospectively studied with a 1.5-Tesla system. Three independent, blinded readers assessed the images for the presence, size, number, and location of metastatic lesions. In the detection of large lesions (> 0.5 cm), Turbo-FLAIR imaging (38/48, 79%) was not significantly different from gadolinium-enhanced imaging (42/48, 88%) (p = 0.273). T2-weighted imaging (31/48, 65%), however, was inferior to gadolinium-enhanced imaging (p < 0.05). There was no difference between Turbo-FLAIR imaging and gadolinium-enhanced imaging in the accuracy of detecting solitary brain metastasis (4/4, 100%). In conclusion, Turbo-FLAIR imaging is a useful, noninvasive screening modality for brain metastasis. Its use may lead to cost savings in the diagnosis of brain metastases and may impact positively the cost-effectiveness of treatment.
Brain↗