Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to S Aoki.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Diurnal rhythm of drinking activity in the house musk shrew].

A diurnal rhythm of drinking activity in 7 male and 6 female house musk shrews (Jic: SUN) aged about one year was observed over a period of 10 days under a schedule of 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness (light on at 07:00). In general, the pattern of drinking activity was similar among both sexes, with around 24-hr diurnal rhythm. A few typical drinking patterns of these animals were represented as follows: 1) Drinking interval was very close in the dark phase, while it was a little too sparse in the light phase (n = 4). 2) Its interval remains stationary through a whole day (n = 5). 3) Drinking was performed between the latter half of light and the first half of dark phases (n = 4).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Hypereosinophilic syndrome accompanied with necrosis of finger tips.

We report a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) with marked eosinophilia (59.7%) and mononeuritis multiplex (upper limbs and buttocks). Necrosis of the finger tips was the primary manifestation which simultaneously occurred on both sides. These clinical manifestations were improved dramatically by subsequent steroid therapy. Interestingly, an elevation of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was observed. These findings suggest that TNF may play a role in the etiology of necrosis of the finger tips.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Inhibitory effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on superoxide anion generation from stimulated human inflammatory cells].

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is suspected to be a neurotransmitter of nonadrenergic and noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in human respiratory tracts. Although VIP affects T lymphocytes through its specific receptor, the effects of VIP on inflammatory cells except T lymphocytes are obscure. We investigated the effects of VIP on superoxide anion (O2-) generation from five kinds of human cells; neutrophils, eosinophils and mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood, alveolar macrophages obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage, and human monocyte cell line, U937, the capacity of which for O2- generation was induced by interferon-gamma. O2- generation from human cells stimulated by 10(-5) M fMLP was measured by the cypridina luciferin analog, MCLA, -dependent chemiluminescence method. VIP inhibited O2- generation from fMLP-stimulated neutrophils, mononuclear cells and U937 in a dose-dependent manner. 3 x 10(-6) M VIP inhibited O2- generation from fMLP-stimulated eosinophils and alveolar macrophages significantly. These results indicate that VIP might inhibit the activation of inflammatory cells and act as an antiinflammatory agent.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1992

[Reliability of a long-term recall method of dietary survey].

A total of 493 male inpatients were subjects in a study of the dietary intake (food frequency) when they were elementary school age and at the time of marriage by a long-term recall method. In order to examine the reliability of the recalled dietary data, 21 food items were compared with results of the National Nutrition Survey for the same time period. Food intake by the long-term recall method, especially meats, egg, milk and rice correlated well with the results of the National Nutrition Survey. From these results it appears that long-term recall of dietary intake frequency data averages are similar to the results of the National Survey data. Therefore the long-term recall method reflects the dietary practices of that era, and keeping in mind its limitations, its use as a means of revealing the dietary practices of a population is suggested.

Diet Surveys↗
PubMed1992

[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by alpha-interferon therapy in a case of IgG-kappa type multiple myeloma].

A 47-year-old male case of IgG-kappa type multiple myeloma was treated with VMCP and recombinant human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha 2a). The direct Coombs test was positive before treatment. Hemolytic anemia associated with massive hematuria was observed during the administration of 9 million IU IFN-alpha 2a per day for 2 weeks. The hemolytic symptoms rapidly improved after withdrawal of IFN-alpha 2a. This clinical course suggests that IFN-alpha as an immunomodulator was responsible for the progression of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a case of multiple myeloma.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1992

[The usefulness of the emergency hepatobiliary scintigraphy to rule out acute cholecystitis--43 patients report].

We studied emergency hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the 43 patients to rule out acute cholecystitis. After injection of 185-222 MBq (5-6 mCi) of 99mTc-EHIDA or 99mTc-HIDA, serial static scintigraphic images were obtained up to 7 hours in maximum. Of 43 patients in this study, 20 had a normal scan and finally in all of them cholecystitis was ruled out. Of the 43 patients, 14 had an abnormal scan (nonvisualized gall bladder). In 10 of them the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was confirmed after emergency cholecystectomy. The other 9 patients of 43 had an incomplete scan mainly due to liver dysfunction. Four of them had acute cholecystitis in the cholecystectomy. These results indicate that acute cholecystitis can be excluded by the findings of gall bladder visualization in hepatobiliary scintigram. We concluded that emergency hepatobiliary scintigraphy is very useful to rule out acute cholecystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Inhibitory effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) on bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs].

The present studies were conducted to investigate whether or not VIP and PHI have a bronchodilator effect in vivo. VIP or PHI was administered intravenously in guinea pigs, and dynamic respiratory resistance was measured. Intravenous administration of VIP and PHI reduced dynamic respiratory resistance; however, the effect was significantly less than that of isoprenaline. VIP and PHI inhibited the increase in dynamic respiratory resistance by intravenous administration of histamine in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that VIP and PHI may be involved in the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness through inhibiting the effect of mediators on the airway.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1992

[A case of chronic fatigue syndrome who showed a beneficial effect by intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate].

We have treated a case of chronic fatigue syndrome with atopic diathesis was had suffered general malaise, low grade fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, myalgias and arthralgias for a long time. A 29-year-old female, who had been treated for atopic dermatitis for 5 years, complained of general malaise in May 1990. She was admitted to the nearest hospital in December 1990 because of low grade fever, swelling of the lymph nodes and an elevation of antinuclear antibody (2520x). She was transferred to our hospital in May 1991. A diagnosis of collagen disease was not compatible with her condition. In addition to general malaise, fever and lymph node swelling, headache, myalgias, muscle weakness, arthralgias and insomnia were observed, and a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome was made based on the working case definition proposed by Holmes et al. Although eosinophilia, a high serum level of IgE, and elevation of RAST scores, low NK and ADCC activity, and a reduced level of NK cells in the peripheral blood were detected, serum antibodies to a number of viruses were in the normal range. Treatments with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, minor tranquilizers and antidepressant drugs were not effective at all. An administration of magnesium sulphate was intravenously performed once a week in order to improve her condition, especially severe general malaise. After about 6-week's administration of magnesium sulphate, she noticed reduced easy fatigability and an improvement in her impaired daily activities. Finally she was able to leave the hospital in January 1992.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefprozil in pediatric field].

Laboratory and clinical studies were done on cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100). The results are summarized as follows. CFPZ was administered through the oral route to 2 children at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg. After administration, peak serum levels of CFPZ obtained in the 2 cases were 6.71 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 6.45 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively and half-lives were 1.28 hours and 0.92 hour, respectively. The urinary excretion rates of CFPZ were 58.9% and 59.4%, respectively. Treatment with CFPZ was made in 37 cases of pediatric bacterial infections: 1 case of pharyngitis, 16 cases of tonsillitis, 16 cases of scarlet fever, 3 cases of impetigo, 1 case of UTI. Results obtained were excellent in 24 cases, good in 13 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed, except 1 case of loose stool, 3 cases of eosinophilia, and 1 case each of elevated GOT and GPT.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[Some examination and requests for "principles of the mental health care" submitted by the United Nations Commissions on Human Rights].

I do appreciate the "PRINCIPLES FOR THE PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS AND FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE" dated 5 February 1991 submitted by the Commission on Human Rights. To make it even more explicit, however, the following paragraphs should be added to two of the Principles: 1. As for Principle 11. 13, the requirement of informed consent by a personal representative should be prescribed in the case of a major medical or surgical procedure for an incompetent patient, in addition to the approval by an independent review body concerning such therapy, for the sake of consistency with Principle 11. 7 with regard to the right of privacy. 2. As for Principle 11. 15, the following three paragraphs should or may be added which have also been prescribed in "Principles for the Human Experiments" by the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology (1973), for the sake of consistency with Principle 11.7 with regard to the right of privacy and Principle 11.4 providing for the special protection of an incompetent patient: 2. 1 The requirement of informed consent by his/her personal representative should be prescribed in a case of clinical trials or experimental treatment for an incompetent patient. 2. 2 Intrusive and irreversible clinical trials and experimental treatment should never be carried out on a patient who is an involuntary patient in a mental health facility and they may be carried out on any other patient only where an independent external body has satisfied itself that there is genuine informed consent of the patient. 2. 3 It may be better to add the following paragraph: "clinical trials and experimental treatment shall never be carried out on an incompetent patient which are not necessary for the therapy of his/her disease or which are possible on a normal healthy person or a mentally ill patient having the ability to give informed consent."

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatric field].

We have carried out clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP, CS-976). The results are summarized as follows. Treatment with PAPM/BP was made in 21 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 2 cases of tonsillitis, 15 cases of pneumonia and 1 case each of bronchitis, scarlet fever, urinary tract infection and otitis media. Results obtained were excellent in 15 cases, good in 6 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed in any cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Bi-phenotypic leukemia and hybrid leukemia].

Phenotypes of leukemic cells can be determined through dual staining with pairs of FITC-labeled and PE-labeled monoclonal antibodies using a laser flow cytometer. Hybrid acute leukemia (HAL) was diagnosed when leukemic cells expressed 2 or more lymphoid markers and at least one myeloid maker simultaneously. Based on this criteria, forty out of 111 cases with untreated acute leukemia were diagnosed as HAL, 16 of 41 (39%) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 15 of 70 (21%) patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were diagnosed as having HAL. We classified these HAL cells into 4 types by the following items. Type I; leukemic cells expressed only CD33 and 2 or more B-cell antigens, type II; only CD33 and 2 or more T-cell antigens, type III; CD13 and/or CD33 and 2 or more B-cell antigens, and type IV; CD13 and/or CD33 and 2 or more T-cell antigens. There were 7 type I cases and 16 type III cases. The leukemic cells of these two types were thought to be ALL cells expressing one or several myeloid lineage-associated antigens. There were 4 type II cases and 10 type IV cases. Type II and IV were regarded as lymphoid-lineage associated antigens positive AMLs. At least in adults, the expression of myeloid-associated antigens of ALL cells seems to identify a high risk group of ALL patients with a poorer response to standard ALL therapy.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

[Quantitative analysis of eye movement during VDT work].

The point of fixation during visual display terminal (VDT) work was analyzed by using Eye Mark Recorder-NAC with their corneal reflexes. The subjects were categorized into 2 groups, expert VDT worker and non-expert with VDT work. As for the VDT task, Japanese sentences were loaded. On the other hand, ordinary desk work copying was loaded using the same Japanese sentences. The following results were obtained. VDT work needed more complex eye movements in both vertical and horizontal directions compared with desk work. The point of fixation was mainly located on the surface of the oscilloscope in the expert subjects, whereas, it was mainly located on the keyboard in non-expert subjects. In analyzing the velocity of eye movements during VDT work, the expert moved the eyes more slowly than the non-expert. These results suggested that the VDT experts can move their eyes more effectively and slowly.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies of meropenem in pediatric field].

We have carried out clinical studies on meropenem (MEPM, SM-7338), the results are summarized as follows. Treatment with MEPM was made in 13 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 9 cases of pneumonia and 2 cases of colitis and 1 case each of purulent tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. Results obtained were excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed in any cases, except in 1 case each of eosinophilia, elevated gamma-GTP, elevated total bilirubin and elevated GPT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Management of personal health examination data for a population by use of a portable computer].

A new system was developed for processing annual personal health examination data with a portable microcomputer utilizing commercial software by converting the IBM formatted data file of the law mandated health examination for adults into an MS-DOS file. The sequential data file was further transferred into a random access data file by a simple program and software was developed for the presentation of annual personal data by table and graphs. Printout of data and selected comments filed on disc by the public health nurse or physician could become retrievable. This system is easily operated by a beginner in micro-computers from conversion of the original data to actual demonstration. This system was utilized for a small village of about 700 adults. By using part of the main memory as a RAM disc, presentation of 5 years' data was possible. File capacity was dependent on population size and also on the type of software for Japanese language input. In the case of a larger population, use of hard disc or expansion of memory may be recommended to shorten computer start-up time. Once necessary data has been placed into the field buffer's memory, retrieval of data requires less than one second. The results of health examination were usually provided by hard copies to village. But by use of this system, a more effective transfer of data between computerized systems by using a floppy disc is possible.

Humans↗