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Biomedical subjects

S Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to S Aoki.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of fluconazole in pediatric patients].

Fluconazole (FLCZ) is a novel antifungal agent and available both in oral and intravenous forms. It is characterized by a long plasma half-life and a good absorbability into tissues. Because of these, it is expected to be used safety and to exhibit good clinical efficacy in the deep seated mycosis of children. We evaluated the efficacy of FLCZ given orally or intravenously to 6 patients. Pathogenic fungi isolated from all patients were Candida, and diagnosises made were candidemia in 3 cases, gastro-intestinal candidiasis in 2 and skin candidiasis. The clinical efficacies of FLCZ in 5 cases were excellent in 2 cases of gastro-intestinal candidiasis and poor in 3 cases of candidemia. None of the patients reported any side effect. In clinical laboratory tests, no abnormalities that were judged to be related to FLCZ were noted. In the study, clinical efficacy was shown to be poor in candidemia, because these cases had severe underlying diseases and the proper therapy was started too late. Thus earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment seem to be important for FLCZ to exhibit good clinical efficacy in the treatment of deep-seated mycosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Establishment of a new cell line with the characteristics of a multipotential progenitor from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in early erythroblastic crisis.

A novel cell line (KH88) was established from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic crisis. The leukemic blasts had the features of undifferentiated blasts with basophilic agranular cytoplasm and they were focally positive for acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. CD36, CD33, HLADR, and CD71 were expressed on the surfaces of the blast cells. Most blasts were positive for platelet peroxidase activity, and some of them had granules containing aggregates of ferritin molecules. These findings were compatible with those of 'early' erythroblastic leukemia, this established cell line (KH88) having similar characteristics, and actually producing hemoglobin A and hemoglobin F. Although the KH88 cells were negative for megakaryocytic markers, they were induced to express CD41 by phorbol ester. Further, a few KH88 cells were positive for myeloperoxidase. This cell line was thus revealed to have the capacity to differentiate into three lineages, providing a useful model for studying the differentiation of multipotential stem cells. Moreover, a subline of KH88 had a peculiar chromosome abnormality, del(3)(q21q25); it would be useful to study the significance of this chromosomal abnormality.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Establishment and characterization of a human tongue cancer xenograft line in nude mice.

We established a human tongue cancer (well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) xenograft line, LK-1, in nude mice. LK-1 showed logarithmic growth from 5 to 7 weeks after transplantation, and the take rate for 25 generations was 95.0%. We confirmed the expression of cytokeratins 1, 5, 7, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 19, and type I, III, IV and V collagens by electrophoretical and immunohistochemical analyses. Although the amount of type I, IV and V collagens increased gradually from 5 weeks after transplantation, the distribution of type IV collagen was often discontinuous in the cancer basement membrane. From these data we concluded that LK-1 is an excellent model for the investigation of the cell biology of well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma, and for examining the effects of clinical therapies for this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Genetic evidence for an interaction between the VirA sensor protein and the ChvE sugar-binding protein of Agrobacterium.

Most vir genes of Agrobacterium, which are required for tumorigenicity of the bacterium, are expressed in response to plant phenolics. The induction of vir is markedly enhanced by specific monosaccharides. Signals generated by both types of compound are transduced into Agrobacterium cells via the functions of the VirA membrane-bound sensor protein. A putative sugar-binding protein, known as ChvE, also functions at a step of the enhancement of vir induction by monosaccharides. To investigate the signal pathway of the enhancement by the sugars, we first isolated a virA mutant of Agrobacterium with a base substitution mutation that caused a single amino acid change in the periplasmic domain. The mutant exhibited no enhancement of vir induction by sugar and had severely attenuated tumorigenicity on Kalanchoe leaves. We then isolated two chvE mutants that restored sugar enhancement on the background of this virA mutation. One chvE mutant, which exhibited a higher level of sugar enhancement, restored the tumorigenicity of the virA mutant. Wild-type and suppressor ChvE proteins were localized in the periplasmic space. These results provide genetic evidence for the physical interaction between VirA and ChvE proteins in the periplasmic space of Agrobacterium, which enhances the cytoplasmic signal generated by phenolics. We also discuss the molecular architecture of the operon to which the chvE gene belongs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

K(+)-driven sinusoidal efflux of glutathione disulfide under oxidative stress in the perfused rat liver.

Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (BHP), hydrogen peroxide and diamide caused a rapid and simultaneous release of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and K+ in the isolated perfused rat liver. Both BHP-induced effluxes were suppressed by prior depletion of hepatic glutathione, but not by co-infusion of desferrioxamine which prevented lipid peroxidation and cell death. High K+ media decreased the GSSG efflux even though hepatic GSSG levels remained high. The GSSG and K+ effluxes were repeatable if cellular K+ recovered after a short BHP exposure. Ouabain inhibited the K+ re-uptake and decreased the response to repeated BHP challenge. Thus, sinusoidal efflux of GSSG under oxidative stress may be driven by a K+ gradient.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between subjective sleep rating and objective sleep parameters: a case study.

The subjective sleep of a male subject was related to 22 objective polygraphic sleep parameters on 39 experimental nights. Subjective sleep was rated by the sleeper himself as "good," "moderate," or "poor" upon arising, for 10, 24, and 5 nights, respectively. Differences in the 22 sleep parameters for these three ratings were examined, and poor sleep showed a significant increase in stage W (waking), an elongation of sleep latency, a decrease in mean sleep depth during the night and 2 hr after going to bed, a decrease in integrated value of sleep depth during the night, an increase in the gradient and decrease in the intercept of regression line of sleep depth against time, and a shortening of total sleep time. The average delta wave percentage per epoch was greater for a subjective rating of "moderate" than for the other groups. Canonical discriminant analysis was conducted using 16 sleep parameters, and the overall correct identification rate of three subjective sleep ratings by the objective sleep parameters was 89.7%. Variables of the first or second axis with large standard coefficients were stages 1, 2, REM (rapid eye movement), integrated voltage of electromyogram, and sleep latency. From the above two sets of analyses, sleep latency was the most useful parameter for predicting subjective sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of some factors on sleep polygraphic parameters and subjective evaluations of sleep.

In this study a bedroom in a noisy area and one in a quiet area were used to investigate the effects of road traffic noise on sleep. Subjective sleep and objective sleep polygraphic parameters were obtained from subjects sleeping in each bedroom. Differences in these parameters at the two locations were compared. The experimental environment differed from those formerly used. The authors thus examined the influences on sleep of covariates in terms of subject differences, age differences, sex difference, differences in the order of experimental nights, set differences, and noise differences. From Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and two-way analysis of variance, subject and age differences were found to have greater effects on many sleep parameters than noise differences. Principal factor analysis was done for young and old subjects separately. The sixth factor was related to noise differences. The sleep parameter common to young and old subjects of the sixth factor was %REM.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Posterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous malformation with a varix mimicking a thrombosed aneurysm: case report.

Dural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the posterior cranial fossa are relatively infrequent. Intradural haemorrhage is one of their specific complications. Angiographic demonstration of varices or aneurysmal structures is one of the hallmarks of severe cases. We report a patient with posterior cranial fossa dural AVM associated with a varix mimicking a thrombosed aneurysm on CT and MRI. Internal carotid and vertebral angiography failed to demonstrate an aneurysm, but external carotid injection revealed a dural AVM affecting the sigmoid sinus, and a varix. The AVM was completely eliminated by embolization. When a dural AVM is suspected clinically selective angiography should be performed to confirm the diagnosis even when CT or MRI do not show dilated vessels.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1993

Acquired epidermoid tumour in the thoracic spinal canal.

Acquired spinal epidermoid tumours are rare, and probably caused by skin fragments that have been transplanted by trauma or lumbar puncture. They almost always occur in the region of the cauda equina. We present an acquired spinal epidermoid tumour at the T 10 level, with pathological confirmation. A skin fragment had migrated to a site where it developed into a tumour.

Epidermal Cyst↗
PubMed1993

Radiographic features of experimental Candida arthritis in rats.

Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) with Candida albicans, and limb joints showing signs of Candida-induced arthritis were subjected to radiographic and histologic examination. New bone formation and bone resorption were morbidly enhanced in bones sampled from the arthritic joints. Sparsely distributed needle-shaped calcified deposits began to be formed on bony surfaces in parallel with the onset of joint swelling. The calcified deposits gradually became denser and then covered the bony surfaces almost entirely, giving rise to an exostosis-like profile. In addition to the new bone formation, bone resorption was also observed in regions adjacent to the sites of new bone formation, and punched-out bone lesions were produced. Eventually, severe deformation of joint bones due to new bone formation and bone resorption was evident. Reflecting these unusual radiographic changes, abundant osteoblasts and osteoclasts were demonstrated histologically in the bones. On the basis of these results, possible mechanisms for the induction of arthritis by Candida infection are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Reassessment of quantitative thallium-201 brain SPECT for miscellaneous brain tumors.

In order to reassess the value of quantitative thallium-201 brain SPECT in the differentiation of miscellaneous brain tumors, we studied a total of 89 patients--35 pre-operative patients suspected of having a brain tumor and 54 post-operative patients with a brain tumor. We came to the conclusion that quantitative Tl-201 brain SPECT was very useful in discriminating cerebral radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor, estimating residual tumor burden, and detecting tumor regrowth earlier in postoperative patients. In preoperative patients, however, Tl-201 SPECT cannot be used effectively to differentiate glioma from other intracranial tumors, although intense uptake of Tl-201 may provide evidence of glioblastoma or a hypervascular lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Morphometric analysis of the sural nerve in experimental dorsal rhizotomy in rats.

To investigate the histological changes in the sural nerve by the damage to the centrally projected axon (CPA), we examined light-microscopic findings after dorsal rhizotomy. The L4-6 dorsal roots were cut unilaterally near the entry zone, with minimal laminectomy, in 27 anesthetized 8- to 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were killed 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and 6 months after surgery, and morphometric results from the sural nerves on the side of the rhizotomy were compared with those from the unaffected side. There were no significant differences in total number, density, frequency distribution of diameters, thickness of myelin, and axonal circularity of myelinated fibers. In an analysis of teased fibers, neither demyelinated nor remyelinated fibers were found, and significant axonal degeneration was found in only 1 of 27 sural nerves on the side of the rhizotomy. These results suggest that pathological damage to the sural nerve is not the product of CPA lesions, even if the subject has dorsal root lesions at some distance from the ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antigen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, is known to play an important role in inflammatory diseases. Using a previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against human ICAM-1, levels of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) were measured in sera from patients with collagen diseases and in synovial fluids (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the results did not demonstrate that RA and other collagen diseases, as a group, had significantly higher levels of sICAM-1 in sera as compared with healthy controls, 21 of 138 cases (15%) with collagen diseases and 11 out of 57 patients (19%) with RA clearly showed higher levels of sICAM-1 in the sera. Comparisons between RA patients of radiological stages I and II and between stage I and other stages showed significantly higher levels of sICAM-1 in the sera of patients in the latter stages. RA patients with vasculitis and/or pneumonitis showed significantly higher levels of sICAM-1 than those without vasculitis or pneumonitis. Significant correlations were demonstrated between sICAM-1 and the factors IgG-RF, IgM-RF, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and TNF-alpha in sera of RA patients. In addition, it was noted that the levels of sICAM-1 in SF were as high as those in the sera of patients with RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Supraophthalmic chemotherapy with long tapered catheter: distribution evaluated with intraarterial and intravenous Tc-99m HMPAO.

Supraophthalmic intraarterial chemotherapy has not become popular due to a high incidence of damage to the normal brain and eye. This damage is due to inhomogeneous distribution of the agent secondary to streaming and other flow-related phenomena. To try to minimize this complication, the authors developed a catheter and studied different infusion techniques. A 4.5-F catheter tapered to 2.5 F was used to perform supraophthalmic intraarterial chemotherapy in 26 patients with malignant gliomas. Forty-one of 45 catheterizations were successful. In 17 patients (20 procedures), technetium-99m hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) was then injected through the catheter and single photon emission computed tomography was performed to assess the cerebral distribution of the radiopharmaceutical with either a pulsatile or continuous infusion technique. Diffuse and relatively homogeneous distribution of Tc-99m HMPAO was observed with fast pulsatile infusion (10 of 10 procedures); however, inhomogeneous distribution was mostly seen with slow continuous infusion (eight of 10 procedures).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Altohyrtins B and C and 5-desacetylaltohyrtin A, potent cytotoxic macrolide congeners of altohyrtin A, from the Okinawan marine sponge Hyrtios altum.

Following the characterization of altohyrtin A (1), altohyrtins B (2) and C (3) and 5-desacetylaltohyrtin A (4) have been isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge Hyrtios altum and their plane structures and parts of their relative configurations elucidated. Three congeneric macrolides (2, 3, and 4) exhibit extremely potent cytotoxicities similar to those of 1 against KB cells with IC50 values of 0.02, 0.4, and 0.3 ng/ml, respectively.

Animals↗