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Biomedical subjects

S Anuras

Publications and source records attributed to S Anuras.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Recurrent or chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Recurrent or chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is not a rare problem. More cases will be recognized and diagnosed when clinicians are more aware of this problem. Medical treatment is unsatisfactory in most cases unless the patients have such treatable associated systemic diseases as myxoedema, hypoparathyroidism or phaeochromocytoma. Intermittent antibiotic therapy may be needed to alleviate diarrhoea or steatorrhoea due to bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Surgery may help to relieve the symptoms in those cases with short segmental dilatation of the bowel. Most patients will have an exploratory laparotomy to rule out an organic obstructing lesion. Either a drainage procedure or resection of a short dilated segment should be carried out. Once the diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is made, repeated exploratory operations must be avoided. Preoperative antibiotic therapy to treat bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel will reduce postoperative peritonitis from peritoneal soiling by septic small bowel contents.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1981

Electromyogram of rabbit colon and cecum in vitro.

The rabbit colon is unique in that the proximal colon has taenia coli, but the distal colon has none. Electromyograms were studied from the mucosal and serosal sides of the proximal (taenial) and distal (nontaenial) rabbit colon and cecum. In the proximal colon, similar electromyograms could be obtained from either the mucosal (circular muscle) or serosal (taenia coli) side. Spike bursts occurred in 18.6% of slow waves from the serosal side; however, there were none from the mucosal side. Unlike the proximal colon, the serosal side of the distal colon gave a better electromyographic recording which showed electrical silent periods and variable amplitudes of slow waves. Recordings could also be obtained equally well from both the mucosal and serosal sides of the rabbit cecum. Acetylcholine significantly increased (p less than 0.05) the percentage of slow waves with spikes in taenial colon and the electrical active period in nontaenial colon, whereas atropine, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and tetrodotoxin produced a significant decrease (p less than 0.05). This study showed that the electromyograms of the rabbit colon and cecum were complex. Although differences existed between the taenial and nontaenial colon, they exhibited similar responses to some autonomic drugs. Furthermore, recordings could be obtained from both sides of the proximal colon and cecum.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Effect of dopamine on opossum duodenal smooth muscle.

Opossum duodenum was cut into 2 mm X 1.5 cm strips. The strips cut along the oral-caudal axis were called longitudinal strips, while those cut 90 degrees to that axis were called circular strips. Dopamine produced contractions in both muscle layers. ED 50 for the longitudinal and circular muscle was 2.8 X 10(-6) M and 1.9 X 10(-5) M, respectively. The longitudinal muscle was 6.5 times more sensitive to dopamine than the circular muscle. The dopamine-produced contractions were completely blocked by phenoxybenzamine, 10(-4) M, and phentolamine, 10(-5) M. Haloperidol, 10(-5) M, or bulbocapnine, 10(-5), completely or partially blocked the contractions produced by dopamine in only one-third of the strips. Tetrodotoxin, propranolol, atropine, and curare did not affect the dopamine-produced contractions. These studies suggest that dopamine mainly stimulates alpha-excitatory adrenergic receptors in opossum duodenal muscle and that the longitudinal muscle is more sensitive to dopamine. However, we cannot exclude the existence of excitatory dopamine receptors in the opossum duodenal smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The spectrum of liver disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of 33 histologically-proved cases and review of the literature.

The charts of 238 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were reviewed. Although not routinely screened for biochemical evidence of liver disease, 124 of 206 patients tested had at least one abnormal result, and 43 met strict criteria for the existence of liver disease. In most patients, a specific viral or drug etiology could not be implicated. The spectrum of liver disease in 33 patients from whom liver tissue was available included cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, granulomatous hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis and steatosis. Three of four cirrhotic patients demonstrated a peculiar form of cholestasis which resembled a "canalicular cast" of bile. Of the nine patients who had serial liver biopsies, four showed progression of their disease. Three patients died of liver failure. Liver involvement in SLE is more common than previously recognized. Severe and even fatal liver disease can occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Severe abdominal vasculitis with hepatitis B antigenemia.

Two cases of necrotizing abdominal vasculitis associated with hepatitis B are reported. The diagnosis of mesenteric vasculitis is often delayed, and intestinal perforation is common. Early recognition of the disease and early treatment with corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs may alter the course of the disease. Preoperative diagnosis is best made by mesenteric arteriography and rectal biopsy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Metabolic dependence of the electromyogram of the cat colon.

Strips of colon muscle (1 x 10 cm) were exposed to alterations of temperature, to 2,4-dinitrophenol, and were deprived of O2. Cooling reduced slow-wave frequency in proximal colon from 5.2 at 37 degrees C to 3.9, 2.7, 1.2 and 0.5 cycle/min at 34, 30, 25, and 20 degrees C, respectively; all changes were significant (P < 0.05). Heating also reduced slow-wave frequency in proximal colon from 5.2 at 37 degrees C to 5.1, 4.8 (P < 0.05), and 3.3 (P < 0.05) cycle/min at 39, 41, and 43 degrees C, respectively. Hypoxia reduced slow-wave frequency from 4.6 at 95% O2 to 2.8 cycle/min at 0% O2 (P < 0.05). 2,4-Dinitrophenol (10(-4) M) reduced frequency from 5.3 to 2.7 cycle/min (P < 0.05). The results of studies of distal colon were similar. In distal colon cooling reduced the time occupied by migrating spike bursts from 20.7% at 37 degrees C to 11.1% at 25 degrees C, and 7.9% at 20 degrees C (P < 0.05). Hypoxia also reduced the time occupied by migrating spike bursts from 16.7% at 95% O2 to 5.9% at 0% O2 (P < 0.05).

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1979

Surgical treatment in familial visceral myopathy.

In a kindred with a familial visceral myopathy, seven patients had operations seeking relief of chronic abdominal pain and other symptoms of intestinal obstruction; one patient had an 80% cystectomy and a Y-V-plasty of the bladder neck for urinary retention. Five patients with megaduodenum had bypass operations; a side-to-side duodenojejunostomy was done in four and a retrocolic gastrojejunostomy in one. Two of these died of postoperative complications, and one developed symptomatic adhesions. Two other patients who had duodenojejunostomy have done well for 6 years and 1 1/2 years respectively. One patient with dilation of the distal jejunum and proximal ileum had relief of intestinal obstructive symptoms from jejunostomy to decompress the destal jejunum. One patient who had a resection of the descending and sigmoid colon for sigmoid volvulus has done well for four years. Three of these seven patients developed peritonitis postoperatively, and two had symptomatic adhesions after operations. Duodenal aspiration from a patient who developed postoperative peritonitis grew E. coli, 10(13) colonies per ml. After review of the results of operations in other families and in our kindred, we favor side-to-side duodenojejunostomy in megaduodenum. Duodenal aspirate must be cultured before operation. Evidence of bacterial overgrowth in the aspirate should prompt appropriate antibiotic treatment to reduce the likelihood of sepsis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Effects of some autonomic drugs on duodenal smooth muscle.

Longitudinal muscle strips (LMS) and circular muscle strips (CMS), 2 mm wide and 1.5--2 cm long, from opossum duodenum were exposed to some autonomic agonists. The cholinergic agonists, acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine, and bethanechol stimulated only tonic contractions in LMS and tonic followed by phasic contractions in CMS. These effects were abolished by atropine 10(-6) M. The ED50S of all cholinergic agonists for LMS were significantly lower than for CMS. Norepinephrine caused initial contraction (abolished by phenoxybenzamine, 10(-4) M), followed by relaxation (abolished by propranolol, 10(-5) M), and isopropylnorepinephrine caused relaxation (abolished by propranolol, 10(-5) M) in both layers. There were no differences in relative potencies for adrenergic agonists between the layers. Tetrodotoxin did not affect the response to adrenergic agonists. Thus, the potency of cholinergic agonists is greater in longitudinal than in circular muscle, and the layers respond differently to cholinergic agonists. The alpha-adrenergic receptors mediate contraction and beta-adrenergic receptors mediate relaxation on the duodenal smooth muscle.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Use of central venous nutrition.

Patients with idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction suffer from malnutrition because of inability to maintain adequate oral intake without the development of obstructive symptoms. We have successfully used central venous nutrition in two patients with this syndrome, both on a short-term and long-term home-maintenance basis. Hyperalimentation can provide adequate nutrition in patients with intestinal pseudo-obstruction until normal bowel function returns or until definitive therapy for this chronic disease is found.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Liver disease in renal transplant recipients.

Liver disease is a common complication in renal transplant recipients. Several types of liver disease can occur. The most common are acute and chronic hepatitis. The variety of acute hepatitis include hepatitis A, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, herpes simplex hepatitis and azathioprine hepatitis. The incidence of azathioprine hepatitis may not be as high as initially suggested. Chronic hepatitis is a serious problem because the disease seems to be progressive despite prednisone therapy. The causes of this chronic hepatitis are not fully known, although hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus have been implicated. Discontinuation of azathioprine therapy has no appreciable effect on the course of chronic hepatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Recurrent hepatitis following halothane exposures.

The existence of hepatotoxicity due to halothane remains subject to debate. Three cases are presented in which multiple exposures to halothane were followed in several instances by evidence of postoperative fever and/or hepatitis. In one case, hepatitis with bridging necrosis developed; the patient responded to long-term steroid therapy. In another, fulminant hepatic necrosis proved fatal. A brief review of halothane hepatitis is given. Otherwise unexplained fever and hepatitis following the use of halothane, especially if recurrent or accompanied by evidence of hypersensitivity, should contraindicate subsequent use of that drug.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. A review of fifty-seven cases.

Fifty-seven cases of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater are reviewed. Clinical and pathologic features as well as results of various surgical treatments are summarized. The Whipple operation may be the operation of choice for cancer of the papilla of Vater, offering a chance for cure and obviating further surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of some gastrointestinal hormones on two muscle layers of duodenum.

The duodenums of opossums and cats were cut into strips 2 mm wide and 2-2.5 cm long. Strips cut in the oral-caudal axis were called longitudinal strips; those cut at 90 degrees to that axis were called circular strips. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and cerulein stimulated phasic contractions of circular muscle of opossum duodenum, but had no effect on the longitudinal muscle. The effect of CCK was not blocked by tetrodotoxin (10(-7)M), indicating a direct muscle stimulation. CCK had no effect of both muscle layers of the cat duodenum. Vasoactive intestinal peptide raised tension in longitudinal muscle, but reduced tension in circular muscle of opossum duodenum. Glucagon slightly reduced tension in both longitudinal and circular muscle of opossum duodenum. It also inhibited contractions of circular muscle caused by acetylcholine. Pentagastrin and secretin had no effect on either muscle layer in either species. These findings suggest that the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the duodenum respond differently to at least some gastrointestinal hormones. Also, there is species variation in response to gastrointestinal hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of intrinsic nerves on electromyogram of cat colon in vitro.

The electromyogram of the circular muscle layer of the cat colon was studied in vitro in superfused strips of muscle. Records exhibited electrical slow waves and migrating spike bursts, as described previously. Both the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, and the local anesthetic lidocaine, (P less than 0.05) prolonged the duration of migrating spike bursts, but migrating spike bursts were not affected by the adrenergic alpha-antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, nor by the adrenergic beta-antagonist, propranolol. Also, physostigmine and atropine did not affect them. Large concentrations of catecholamines did abolish them. This suggests that the migrating spike burst represents periodic release of the muscle from the tonic influence of nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves in the intramural plexuses. Slow-wave frequency and the congruence of slow waves were not affected (P greater than 0.05) by the antagonists listed above, nor by cholinergic and adrenergic agonists. This suggests that the slow waves are not importantly controlled by intrinsic nerves.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

A familial visceral myopathy.

A kindred contained at least 18 members with visceral myopathy. Sixteen had symptoms of chronic obstruction of the gastrointestinal or urinary tracts. Of six patients with megaduodenum on contrast roentgenograms, two were asymptomatic. Four patients had redundant colon on barium enema, and four had megacystis. Specimens from duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, or urinary bladder from five patients showed thinning and extensive collagen replacement of the longitudinal muscle layer; ganglion cells were normal by light and electron microscopy. Esophageal manometry in three patients showed decreased gastroesophageal sphincter pressures and no contractions in the smooth muscle segment of the esophagus; duodenal manometry showed a low frequency and amplitude of contractions. Three patients developed fever and signs of peritonitis after operations to bypass dilated segments. This seems to be a generalized smooth muscle disease with variable clinical manifestations and with an autosomal dominant or sex-linked dominant mode of inheritance.

Adolescent↗