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Biomedical subjects

S Anuradha

Publications and source records attributed to S Anuradha.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Anaemia, iron studies and erythropoietin in patients of chronic renal failure.

OBJECTIVE: The use of erythropoietin (EPO) for the amelioration of anemia has dramatically changed the quality of life of the patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The efficacy of a low dose EPO therapy was assessed in the prospective 6 week trial. METHODS: Assessment of hematological parameters and iron stores was done in 40 patients of CRF: Group A--20 patients of CRF receiving 40 U/kg EPO biweekly for 6 weeks and Group B--20 patients of CRF not receiving EPO. The parameters were studied at the start and at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of the study. RESULTS: A statistically significant rise in mean haemoglobin levels (7.27 +/- 1.26 g/dl to 8.60 +/- 1.66 g/dl); mean packed cell volume (21.4 +/- 4.04% to 25.4 +/- 6.54%) and mean reticulocyte count (1.28 +/- 0.4% to 2.14 +/- 0.86%) was observed on EPO therapy. Patients on EPO developed a significant decline in serum iron, serum ferritin levels, bone marrow iron stores; and a hypochromic-microcytic picture on the peripheral blood film suggestive of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency at the start, chronic infections like tuberculosis and inadequate haemodialysis were identified as causes of hyporesponsiveness to EPO therapy. Low dose EPO therapy was not associated with any major adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Low dose EPO (40 U/kg, biweekly) therapy is safe and effective in the management of anaemia of CRF.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The 1996 outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Delhi, India.

A major outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) affected more than 10,000 people in Delhi and neighboring areas in 1996. The outbreak started in September, peaked in October to November and lasted till early December. The clinical and laboratory data of 515 adult patients admitted to Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi were reviewed. Fever (100%), myalgias and malaise (96%), abdominal pain (10.2%) and vomiting (8.7%) were the prominent presenting features. Hemorrhagic manifestations were seen in all patients- a positive tourniquet test (21.2%), scattered petechial rash (23.07%), confluent rash (2.7%), epistaxis (38.4%), gum bleeds (28.06%) and hematemesis (22.86%) being the major bleeding manifestations. Hepatomegaly was observed in 96% of the patients. Laboratory investigations revealed thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration and leukopenia. Serological confirmation with a microcapture ELISA technic was done in 143/515 patients. The mortality rate was 6.6% and, multiple bleeding manifestations, severe thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) were associated with a higher mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Senior-Loken syndrome with unusual manifestations.

The Senior-Loken syndrome, also called Hereditary Renal Retinal Dystrophy is a rare disorder that combines a juvenile nephronophthisis-like disease with tapetoretinal degeneration. We are reporting a family in which two, possibly three siblings are affected by this disorder. In addition to these two documented components of the disease, our patients also have unusual manifestations: short stature; skeletal abnormalities in the form of kyphoscoliosis, short metacarpals; and cutis laxa-unreported so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and cough--a north Indian study.

Cough is an important side effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) therapy. The incidence of cough was investigated in a prospective 8 week study in 250 hypertensive patients receiving ACEI alone or in combination with other agents. Enalapril (5-20 mg/day), Lisinopril (5-20 mg/day), Captopril (25-75 mg/day) or Ramipril (5-15 mg/day) was prescribed to patients, who were followed up at weekly visits. Cough developed in 73 of the 250 patients i.e. an incidence of 29.2%. Females had a higher incidence of cough as compared to males--37.9% versus 15.5% (p < 0.001) and there was no significant difference in the cough incidence in the various age groups. A dry, non-productive cough developed in all patients within 4 weeks of ACEI initiation. Increased nocturnal intensity of cough was reported by 79.4% patients. Cough incidence was 34.4%, 24.3% and 18.1% in patients on Enalapril, Ramipril and Lisinopril, respectively. Cough was not dose related and was not related to smoking. There was no statistically significant difference among patients on ACEI alone or in combination with beta blockers, calcium channel blockers or diuretics. Of the 18 patients with ACEI induced cough who received Indomethacin, 50 mg bid, 8 reported complete cure and cough was reduced in intensity in the remaining ten.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Trend of HIV infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in south India.

SETTING: Tuberculosis is life threatening, transmissible and pandemic especially among millions of HIV infected persons. In developing countries like India where HIV infection is becoming prevalent and where tuberculosis infection has long been endemic, its incidence is increasing. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to find out the trend of HIV infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in south India. DESIGN: HIV seropositivity was assessed in 1430 radiologically and/or bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending major tuberculosis institutions in Madras by the AIDS Cell, Institute of Microbiology, Madras Medical College, Madras from January 1991 to May 1993. RESULTS: HIV seropositivity was found to rise significantly from 0.77% in 1991 to 3.4% in 1993 (P < 0.05). 22 (91.67%) of a total of 24 HIV seropositive pulmonary tuberculosis patients had pulmonary cavities and 21 patients (87.5%) had bacteriological confirmation of tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The findings of this prospective study suggest that pulmonary tuberculosis patients with HIV infection are an in early phase of immunosuppression. This study reveals the rising trend of HIV infection; all persons with tuberculosis should therefore be questioned about the risk factors for HIV infection and urged to have an HIV test.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Role of immunoglobulin estimation in lymphomas.

50 cases of biopsy proved primary nodal lymphomas were selected and serum immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM were estimated by SRID method. Clinical stage and histological sub-typing were correlated with Immunoglobulin levels.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1989

Usefulness of imprint and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of lymphadenopathies and other tumours.

Fifty cases of enlarged lymph nodes and fifteen cases of other tumours were selected and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Imprint cytology was performed both as outpatient and pre-operative procedure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of these methods of diagnosis. It was found that they are a rapid, easy and dependable method of diagnosis for all practising surgeons especially in semi-urban and small hospitals.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sentinel surveillance of HIV-1 infection in Tamilnadu, India.

The objective was to determine the time trends in the prevalence of HIV infection and to evaluate appropriate preventive intervention in different population groups. Sentinel surveillance of HIV-1 infection by anonymous unlinked technique was carried out in Tamilnadu from December 1989 to March 1993. The sentinel population monitored were attendees of STD clinics, blood donors and antenatal mothers. The results of HIV seropositivity were compared for each 6-month period. During the study period there was 10-fold rise of HIV seropositivity among STD patients (1% to 10%), 2-fold rise among antenatal attendees (0.37% to 0.76%), and 3-fold rise in blood donors (0.24% to 0.72%). There was a steady increase in the incidence of HIV infection among those with high risk behaviour (STD attendees) as well as in the general population. This information is of value in planning and evaluation of preventive and control programmes in India.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous mediastinitis: a rare presentation.

Granulomatous mediastinitis is a rare condition, and tuberculosis and fungal infections are the most important causes of this potentially lethal condition. Tuberculous mediastinitis usually presents with fever, cough, dyspnoea and rarely, florid features of obstruction to intra-thoracic structures are seen. A case of tuberculous mediastinitis presenting as a suprasternal lump, a rare presentation, is described here.

Granuloma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Massive hepatomegaly: a presenting manifestation of multiple myeloma.

We report a 50-year-old woman presenting with isolated massive hepatomegaly. Liver histology showed dilated sinusoids within which some atypical cells, probably of hematopoeitic origin, were identified. Bone marrow was densely packed with similar atypical cells with high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, which tested positive for plasma cell markers. Plasma protein electrophoresis showed a distinct M spike in the gamma globulin fraction and skeletal survey revealed multiple lytic lesions in the skull and pelvic bones. Thus, a final diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made. The patient has received six cycles of chemotherapy and is doing well.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome with adenomatous and carcinomatous transformation of colonic polyp.

We describe a 70-year-old woman who presented with watery diarrhea and was found to have gastric and colonic polyposis, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, alopecia and onychodystrophy (Cronkhite-Canada syndrome). Histology of a polyp from the stomach showed features of juvenile or retention type (hamartomatous) polyp. One colonic polyp revealed features of tubular adenoma, with moderate dysplasia. Another large pedunculated colonic polyp showed a tubulovillous adenoma with a focus of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma confined to the submucosa of the stalk. Adenomatous and carcinomatous epithelial changes can occur in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-familial juvenile polyposis with histological evidence of adenomatous transformation.

A 14-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, diarrhoea and a sensation of something prolapsing through the anus during defecation, and was found to have diffuse colonic polyposis. There was no evidence of mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation and family history was negative, suggesting a diagnosis of non-familial juvenile polyposis. Histological analysis of multiple endoscopic biopsies showed features typical of juvenile or retention type (hamartomatous) lesions: dilated cystic glands lined by mucocus-secreting epithelium and prominent, inflamed and congested lamina propria. However, admixed with these features, focal areas of atypical adenomatous changes were recognized. Even the intervening normal-looking colonic mucosa showed some dysplastic changes. These findings indicate that hamartomatous and atypical adenomatous epithelial changes can co exist in non-familial juvenile polyposis and the latter may confer a risk of malignant transformation in this otherwise non-neoplastic disease.

Adenomatous Polyps↗