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Biomedical subjects

S Antonsen

Publications and source records attributed to S Antonsen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Granulocyte chemotaxis before and after urography. Influence of four different radiographic contrast media.

Granulocytes isolated from whole blood of 10 volunteers with Hypaque/Ficoll or Percoll gradient centrifugation showed a significant inhibition of their chemotactic response when incubated with diatrizoate. The influence of 4 different i.v. injected radiographic contrast media (CM) on granulocyte chemotaxis was evaluated using the under agarose assay. Each CM was injected in 10 consecutive outpatients referred for urography. Cells and serum were obtained before and 20 min after the injection of CM. Autologous serum was used as chemoattractive agent, and the cell suspensions from both samples were tested against serum drawn both before and after the injection of CM. No significant changes in granulocyte chemotaxis or the chemotactic potential of serum were seen. Furthermore, there was no change in the chemotactic response towards homologous serum or N-fmlp after injection of diatrizoate or iohexol. In conclusion, the investigation did not unveil any change in granulocyte chemotaxis 20 min after the injection of CM in the 40 subjects studied.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1992

Phagocytic properties of granulocytes after intravenous injection of ioxaglate or iohexol.

To evaluate the influence of radiographic contrast media (CM) on human granulocytes, the ability of these cells to ingest latex particles after intravenous injection of ioxaglate and iohexol was investigated. Both CM inhibited the phagocytic properties of granulocytes; the inhibition was the most pronounced immediately after the injection, but inhibition was also observed 60 min after injection of ioxaglate. The inhibition 1 and 5 min after injection of CM was more pronounced after injection of ioxaglate than after injection of iohexol. However, this difference between the 2 CM was not significant. Significant inhibition of phagocytosis was found for mannitol solutions with osmolalities higher than 369 mOsm/l. Significant inhibition of phagocytosis was observed when granulocytes were isolated with either Hypaque/Ficoll or Percoll gradient centrifugation and then incubated with diatrizoate. Thus the ability of granulocytes to phagocytize latex particles was inhibited after i.v. injection of 50 ml ioxaglate or iohexol. Part of this inhibition may be due to hyperosmolality.

Granulocytes↗
PubMed1992

The influence of tourniquet ischaemia on post-operative degranulation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes.

Degranulation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes following minor surgery and the contributory role of temporary tissue ischaemia in a limb were examined in 22 otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective arthroscopy under general anaesthesia with and without tourniquet. Apart from an increase in lactate levels following tourniquet release there was no difference in complement split product C3d, cortisol, leukocyte or creatinine kinase levels between the two groups. There was a post-operative increase in the plasma E alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor concentration, whereas lactoferrin values decreased 4 h following tourniquet deflation. Anaesthesia and minor surgery are followed by post-operative release of polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase. This release is not related to complement activation and is apparently unaffected by 50 min of lower limb ischaemia. Anaesthesia and minor surgery do not cause lactoferrin release.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Granulocyte adherence is inhibited by radiographic contrast media in vitro.

Different amounts of diatrizoate, ioxaglate, iohexol, iodixanol, NaCl 1,000 mOsm/kg, mannitol 1,098 mOsm/kg, and meglumine (meglumine concentrations corresponding to the content in the diatrizoate solutions) were added to either whole blood or a suspension of granulocytes in autologous plasma, and the adherence to nylon fibers was determined. At high concentrations all the investigated contrast media (CM) inhibited granulocyte adherence. The degree of inhibition was significantly greater when the ionic CM diatrizoate and ioxaglate were used, as compared with the nonionic media. Meglumine solutions at high concentrations also inhibited adherence but significantly less than diatrizoate solutions containing the same amount of meglumine. Diatrizoate showed the greatest inhibitory effect on granulocyte adherence, and significant inhibition could be detected even with a 1.25% solution.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1991

Elevated serum levels of creatine kinase BB in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type II.

Serum levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) were measured spectrophotometrically and by electrophoresis in 17 patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) and compared with those of age- and sex-matched controls. Eight patients had ADO type 1 and nine patients had ADO type II. CK-BB was significantly increased (p less than 0.002) in type II but normal in type I compared with controls. This finding supports heterogeneity of ADO, and it may indicate a potential role for CK-BB as a marker of immature osteoclasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Detection of neutrophil granulocytes in peritoneal dialysis effluents by means of the Cytur-test. Danish Study Group on Peritonitis in Dialysis (DASPID).

Biochemical detection of neutrophils in peritoneal effluents by Cytur-test has been advocated as a fast and reliable bedside test when peritonitis is suspected in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The Cytur-test developed a light blue colour when the neutrophil count exceeded 10(8) l-1 in the dialysis effluents, while in urine the same reaction is seen at a neutrophil concentration of 10(7) l-1. The Cytur-test was inhibited by glucose at 25 g l-1 and by albumin at 10 g l-1. However, the median (range) concentrations of glucose and albumin of 60 dialysis effluents was 1.8 g l-1 (0.9-10.6 g l-1) and 1.1 g l-1 (0.3-5.2 g l-1) respectively. Thus, presence of glucose and albumin cannot be the only reason of the reduced reactivity of the Cytur-test in dialysis effluents when compared with urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Does the method of heparinisation influence the biocompatibility of dialysis membranes?

The biocompatibility of cuprophanc haemodialyser membranes was investigated during two haemodialysis sessions in ten stable male chronic haemodialysis patients. In one session heparin was given intravenously, while it was given in the arterial line in the other session, using the same amount of heparin and the same filter. Biocompatibility was determined by measuring platelet and leukocyte counts, plasma beta-thromboglobulin, C3d, elastase, and lactoferrin in the arterial line at 0, 10, and 90 min of dialysis, and in the venous line at 10 and 90 min. Adequate anticoagulation was ensured by determining activated partial thromboplastin time. Platelet counts remained unchanged, whereas leukocyte counts transitorily decreased during dialysis. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin, C3d, elastase, and lactoferrin increased during haemodialysis, but no differences could be found between the two methods of heparinisation. The activation of complement, platelets, and leukocytes seemed to be independent of the mode of heparinisation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Attenuation of intra-operative surgical stress response has no influence on post-operative degranulation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes.

Degranulation of polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocytes, complement activation, and the endocrine metabolic response to hysterectomy were compared in two groups of patients receiving either general anaesthesia (GA group) or combined epidural analgesia and general anaesthesia (GAE group). The B-leucocyte and the cortisol responses were attenuated in the GAE group. There was no sign of complement activation. The post-operative rise in elastase-alpha-1-proteinase levels 4 h post-operatively on the first, second and third post-operative days was similar in the two groups. Plasma lactoferrin values were significantly elevated 4 h post-operatively and reached pre-operative values on Day 1 in both groups. Attenuation of the surgical stress response during uncomplicated hysterectomy did not influence the post-operative increase in proteinase activity. Mediators generated at the site of surgical trauma may account for the PMN degranulation observed after major surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Leukocytes in peritoneal dialysis effluents. Danish Study Group on Peritonitis in Dialysis (DASPID).

The concentration of leukocytes and the fraction of neutrophil granulocytes are two important criteria in the diagnosis of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We have found that leukocytes are unstable in dialysis effluents, resulting in false low leukocyte concentrations if not counted immediately. At 25 degrees C the leukocyte count decreases 25%-30% in 4-6 hours. Sampling in tubes containing EDTA and storage at 4 degrees C make the leukocyte concentration stable for 6 hours, while the combination of EDTA and storage at 4 degrees C ensures stability for 24 hours. When samples are handled accordingly, concentrations as high as 2 x 10(8)/L are observed without any clinical signs of peritonitis, especially within the first months of CAPD-treatment. Thus, we suggest a leukocyte-concentration of 2 x 10(8)/L as the diagnostic limit for peritonitis. Concerning fraction of neutrophils a diagnostic limit of 0.50 still seems relevant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Near-patient potassium and sodium measurements: evaluation of ion-selective electrodes (Ionometer EF2) in a dialysis department.

For potassium and sodium monitoring, an Ionometer EF2 was installed in our dialysis unit. The apparatus measured linearly, and between-series and within-series variations were comparable to flame photometry. No difference in performance was disclosed when operated by one or several persons. The 95% limits of agreement between Ionometer EF2 and flame photometry were for potassium -0.29 and 0.43 mmol/l and for sodium -5.0 and 2.89 mmol/l, respectively. Contrary to sodium, the accidental difference for potassium was greater than expected from analytical variation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Macro creatine kinase. A cause of diagnostic problems in acute myocardial infarction].

Macro-creatine-kinase type 1 consists of complexes of CKBB isoenzyme and an immunoglobulin, most frequently IgG, while type 2 is probably aggregates of mitochondrial CK. The prevalences of type 1 and 2 have been found to be 0.9%-1.6% and 0.5%-2.9%, respectively, depending on the patient population investigated and the methods of analyses used. Problably a maximum of 1% of patients with suspected AMI, has macro-CK in concentrations causing diagnostic difficulties. In such patients, increased absolute and relative activities of CKB residual as measured by the immuno-inhibition method are found. In specific immunological methods for measuring CKMB concentrations in serum, macro-CK is not measured. However, it has been published, that these methods may underestimate the CKMB concentration in patients with free antibodies to CKB in the blood. In this department, we have evaluated a new analysis for measuring CKMB, without finding any evidence of such interference.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

In vitro granulocyte aggregation.

Granulocyte aggregation in EDTA-blood from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is described. The phenomenon was observed three times within a 10-month period. The blood leukocyte count in a Coulter Counter decreased approximately 30% within 6 h, without resulting in overt leukopenia. Simultaneously, increasing numbers of granulocyte aggregates turned up in smears. There were no indications of thrombocytes being involved in the phenomenon.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1989

Delayed blood regeneration in lead exposure: an effect on reserve capacity.

Twenty-five lead-exposed Danish battery production workers and 25-age-matched controls were examined to evaluate subclinical effects on blood formation. Blood lead levels averaged 2.14 mumol/L and 0.35 mumol/L in the two groups; the lead workers also showed high levels of erythrocyte protoporphyrin, as compared to the controls. Otherwise, the hematological parameters indicated an appropriate iron status and no other deviations. From all subjects, 0.45 L of blood was bled as part of a normal blood donation. Five and 11 days later, reticulocyte counts were significantly higher in the control group than in the lead-exposed workers. On day 15, the lead workers showed a significant delay in blood regeneration, as evidenced by lower hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte and reticulocyte counts. The lead exposure in the present study was within legal limits, and lead-induced anemia would be expected only at much higher exposure levels. Thus, despite the normal hematological findings in the initial examination, the lead exposure caused a decreased reserve capacity for blood formation, and this effect became evident only after the blood loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Release of granulocyte elastase and complement changes during hysterectomy.

Complement activation and release of granulocyte elastase has been previously reported during major vascular surgery and has been ascribed to plasma/cell interactions with foreign surfaces or to administration of blood or plasma. The effect of uncomplicated general anaesthesia and surgery, not requiring blood or plasma, on complement activation and signs of proteinase release was assessed by measuring C3d and elastase-alpha-1 PI, respectively, in nine patients undergoing elective hysterectomy. There was a minor decrease in plasma C3d during anaesthesia, surgery and in the post-operative period caused by the diluting effect of intravenous fluids. Elastase alpha-1 PI remained largely unchanged until the first post-operative day, when a significant increase was seen (p less than 0.05); on the second and third day significant elevated values were still observed. Release of granulocyte elastase seems to be a generalized response to surgical trauma and may be a part of the endocrine-metabolic stress response.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Neutrophil lysosomal enzyme release and complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Complement activation and neutrophil degranulation were concomitantly studied during uncomplicated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Plasma concentrations of complement factor C4, complement split product C3d, the neutrophil lysosomal enzyme elastase complexed with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) and fibronectin were measured in 12 patients, C3d and elastase/PI increased significantly during CPB (volume-corrected results). The C3d rise was almost linear, whereas elastase/PI showed exponential increase. Mean elastase/PI and mean C3d concentrations at different times during CPB covaried closely. The study showed that during CPB neutrophil lysosomal enzyme release is intimately related to complement activation, although activation of the two systems may be caused by a common third activator within the extracorporeal circuit.

Adult↗