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Biomedical subjects

S Ando

Publications and source records attributed to S Ando.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[A study on pathogenesis and treatment of normoprolactinemic galactorrhea syndrome].

To investigate the pathogenesis of the normoprolactinemic galactorrhea syndrome, the response of prolactin secretion to TRH administration and the circadian profile of serum prolactin levels were examined in 13 women with galactorrhea whose resting levels of serum prolactin were lower than 25 ng/ml. Bromocriptine (5mg/day) was administered for 30 days and the mid-luteal serum estradiol and progesterone levels, as indicators of luteal function, were also measured before and after the administration. The basal levels of serum prolactin in these patients were significantly higher than those of the control (p less than 0.05), and the response of prolactin secretion also increased significantly at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. after TRH administration compared to those of the control (p less than 0.005). The circadian profile of serum prolactin showed significantly higher levels from 22 to 8 o'clock compared to the control (p less than 0.05 approximately 0.005). And serum prolactin levels of these patients were higher than 25 ng/ml during the nocturnal period. When bromocriptine was administered, serum prolactin levels of these patients dropped conspicuously, and the nocturnal surges of prolactin also suppressed. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels in the mid-luteal phase normalized apparently due to the administration of bromocriptine (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005), and galactorrhea also disappeared. These facts suggested that the normoprolactinemic galactorrhea syndrome might be caused by transient occulted hyperprolactinemia, and the treatment with bromocriptine was useful not only in suppressing galactorrhea but also in improving the luteal function in these patients.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1984

Chemical-ionization mass spectra of the permethylated sialo-oligosaccharides liberated from gangliosides.

Permethylated mono- and di-sialo-oligosaccharides liberated from several parent gangliosides have been examined by chemical-ionization mass spectrometry with ammonia as the reagent gas in order to elucidate their structures. Several major fragment-ions, in addition to both the protonated and ammonium adduct molecular-ions, may be readily assigned without interference from the ceramide moiety. Sialic acid-containing di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharide ions can be clearly observed and used to determine the sugar residue to which the sialic acid residue is attached. The neutral-sugar skeletons produced by the loss of sialic acid give rise to both the protonated and the ammonium adduct ions; in the case of tetrasaccharides, these are further degraded to produce di- and tri-saccharide ions. These characteristic ions are useful for the determination of the number of sugar residues and their sequence in an oligosaccharide structure. The chemical-ionization mass spectra of GM3- and GM1-oligosaccharides with isobutane show the ions corresponding to each monosaccharide residue. These results indicate that chemical-ionization mass spectrometry is highly useful in determining the complete sugar-sequence of gangliosides.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1984

Fatty acid and long-chain base composition of gangliosides isolated from adult human brain.

A series of major and minor ganglioside species were isolated from a single human adult brain and analyzed for their lipophilic composition. Hematosides, GM3 and GD3, each showing double bands on thin-layer chromatograms, were separated into the upper band and lower band fractions to be analyzed for the heterogeneity of their ceramide moieties. The upper band fractions of GM3 and GD3 were found to contain relatively high amounts of longer-chain fatty acids (C20-C26), whereas the lower band fractions contained high amounts of shorter-chain fatty acids (C16-C18). Compared to other gangliosides which contain hexosamine, the two hematosides contained a smaller proportion of stearic acid. The proportion of 4-eicosasphingenine was found to increase with increasing sialic acid content in gangliosides. These findings suggest that, in the biosynthesis of various gangliosides, N-acetylhexosamine is preferentially transferred to hematosides rich in stearic acid, and sialic acid residues are preferentially transferred to 4-eicosasphingenine-containing species.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1984

Incorporation rate of GM1 ganglioside into mouse brain myelin: effect of aging and modification by hormones and other compounds.

The turnover rate of GM1 ganglioside in myelin was examined reveal age-related alterations in the metabolic activity. Three different age groups of mice were given deuterium oxide, and myelin was prepared from cerebella at intervals of two weeks. GM1 was isolated from the total myelin gangliosides by high performance liquid chromatography. Deuterated sugar moieties of GM1 were determined by chemical ionization-mass spectrometry which provided prominent quasimolecular ions. This method made it possible to determine separately the incorporation of deuterium into internal and external galactoses as well as other components. The incorporation rate of GM1 into myelin was clearly shown to be decreased with advancing age. Lower incorporation of newly synthesized sialic acid into GM1 than that of other sugars may indicate reutilization of sialic acid at about 50%. The possibility of modification of the myelin metabolism by exogenous factors was examined by monitoring the incorporation rate of GM1 in animals treated with chemical agents. It was revealed that thyroxine enhanced the incorporation of GM1 into adult brain myelin, whereas propylthiouracil reduced the incorporation. Other chemicals, estradiol, S-adenosylmethionine and LM1 ganglioside, showed only minor effects on the myelin turnover.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Acute leukemia with two cell populations of lymphoblasts and monoblasts.

A 46-year-old man had acute leukemia with two cell populations of lymphoblasts and monoblasts (L1 and M5-b in FAB classification, respectively), which were characterized by morphological, cytochemical and cell marker studies. At the time of diagnosis about 80% blasts were terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive lymphoid cells, while the rest were TdT negative monocytoid cells. After induction chemotherapy of vindesine and prednisolone for 15 days, almost all blasts were TdT negative monocytoid cells. Therefore, an additional course of the chemotherapy with the protocol for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia was given and one month later the patient achieved complete remission.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1984

Alterations in brain gangliosides and other lipids of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).

Lipid composition was examined with cerebral cortices of three cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob (C-J) disease and one case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Phosphatidylethanolamine decreased in both C-J and SSPE brains. Sphingomyelin increased in CJ. The levels of cholesterol esters which occurred in a trace amount in normal control were elevated in C-J and more severely in SSPE. The total amounts of gangliosides were reduced in C-J and SSPE. Gangliosides GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b in the biosynthetic pathway B [23] specifically decreased in C-J, while GM1 and GD3 increased. An increased content of GD3 may be related to the proliferation of reactive astrocytes. A decrease of 22:6 (n-3) accompanied with an increase of oleic acid in the fatty acid composition of the acidic phospholipid fraction was observed. This might be a cause for alterations in membrane function.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease: with special reference to its incidence and distribution].

In 10 autopsied cases of terminal stage of Alzheimer's disease, the incidence and distribution of amyloid angiopathy (AA) in the brain were measured under light microscope. Further, the distribution and intensity of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary change (NFT), senile plaque (SP), and loss of neurons (CL) were compared among the individual cases. NFT and SP were frequently seen over wide areas with little individual variations. AA was present in all cases, but its distribution and frequency markedly differed from individual to individual. Generally, AA was relatively common in the pia and cortical upper layers of the frontal, temporal and occipital lobe, orbital gyrus and cerebellum, but there was no particular site showing very high rate of occurrence. SP and NFT had no correlation to AA in regard to their site and frequency. In all cases, the nucleus basalis of Meynert showed marked loss of neurons and very frequent occurrence of NFT.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[4,4'-D-diaminopropionic acid]gramicidin S: a synthetic gramicidin S analog with antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

Gramicidin S is especially active against Gram-positive bacteria; e.g., Staphylococcus aureus. An analog, [4,4'-D-diaminopropionic acid]gramicidin S, which contains D-diaminopropionic acid residues instead of D-phenylalanine residues, has been synthesized. This analog is active against some of the Gram-negative bacteria; e.g., Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhosa. Activities of several related analogs are discussed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

Thin-layer chromatography-densitometry of minor acidic phospholipids: application to lipids from erythrocytes, liver, and kidney.

A method for quantitative determination of acidic phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) followed by densitometry is described. The total lipids were separated into neutral and acidic fractions by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. A clear-cut separation of acidic phospholipids was achieved by high-performance TLC with a solvent system of chloroform/acetone/acetic acid/formic acid/water (60/60/4/10/3). Each phospholipid band was quantitated by densitometry with the use of an internal standard. The lipid compositions of sheep and mouse erythrocytes and of rat liver and kidney were determined by the present method.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of a 4-O-methylglucuronic acid-containing glycosphingolipid from spermatozoa of a fresh water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii.

A novel glycosphingolipid, provisionally named Lipid IV (Hori, T., Sugita, M., Ando, S., Kuwahara, M., Kumauchi, K., Sugie, E., and Itasaka, O. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10979-10985), was obtained from spermatozoa of the fresh water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii. The yield of the glycolipid was 2.2 mg/g of dried spermatozoa. The structure of the glycolipid was elucidated by partial hydrolysis, permethylation analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The following structure is proposed: GlcA4Me beta 1-4(GalNAc3Me alpha 1-3)Fuc alpha 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3(Xyl beta 1-2)Man beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Cer. The acidic glycolipid is unique in containing 4-O-methylglucuronic acid as well as an internally located fucose. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, and C18-sphingosine are the major aliphatic components. This composition is similar to those of other neutral spermatozoan glycolipids, Lipid I (Hori, T., Sugita, M., Kanbayashi, J., and Itasaka, O. (1977) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 81, 107-114) and Lipid II (Hori, T., Takeda, H., Sugita, M., and Itasaka, O. (1977) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 82, 1281-1285), suggesting a possible metabolic relationship among them.

Acidic Glycosphingolipids↗
PubMed1983

Serum acute phase reactants in pediatric patients; especially in neonates.

We studied serum acute phase reactant (APR) levels in 45 pediatric surgical patients. Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) showed a peak value on day 3 postoperatively (P.O.) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) showed a high value on days 3-5 P.O. These glycoproteins returned to normal levels by day 21 P.O., but the level of haptoglobin (Hp) remained high until day 21 P.O. The postoperative changes of alpha 1-AG and alpha 1-AT correlated with the process of recovery from inflammatory conditions, but C-reactive protein (CRP) reached a peak on days 1-2 P.O. and returned to normal limits by day 14 P.O. In patients with infection, CRP returned to the normal level rapidly before recovery from infection. Of the 3 glycoproteins, alpha 1-AG seemed to be a valuable indicator of the pathological conditions. Postoperative changes in APR levels should be useful for early detection of postoperative complications. Persistent ileus led to an increase in APR levels, as a consequence of an inflammatory reaction due to breakdown of the intestinal mucosal barrier.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Studies of peptide antibiotics. XLIII. Syntheses of gramicidin S analogs containing D-serine or dehydroalanine in place of D-phenylalanine and asymmetric hydrogenation of the dehydroalanine residue.

Gramicidin S (GS) analogs, [D-Ser4,4']-GS and its precursor [O-benzyl-D-Ser4,4']-GS, were synthesized by the conventional method in order to evaluate the role of the hydroxymethyl side chains in D-Ser at 4,4' positions on the biological activity. Another analog [L-Orn(delta-Boc)2,2',delta Ala4,D-Ser4']-GS was prepared from [D-Ser4,4']-GS by t-butyloxycarbonylation and successive dehydration using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-CuCl as dehydrating reagent. The delta Ala residue was asymmetrically hydrogenated to D-Ala in the presence of Pd-black. On the microbial assays, [O-benzyl-D-Ser4,4']-GS showed high antimicrobial activity as natural GS, but [D-Ser4,4']-GS showed low activity; the structure-activity relationships of the analogs were discussed.

Alanine↗