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Biomedical subjects

S Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to S Andersson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Familial giant cell hepatitis associated with synthesis of 3 beta, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-and 3 beta,7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5-cholenoic acids.

Urinary bile acids from a 3-mo-old boy with cholestatic jaundice were analyzed by ion exchange chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This suggested the presence of labile sulfated cholenoic acids with an allylic hydroxyl group, a conclusion supported by analysis using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). The compounds detected by FAB-MS were separated by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The sulfated bile acids could be solvolyzed in acidified tetrahydrofuran, and glycine conjugates were partially hydrolyzed by cholylglycine hydrolase. Following solvolysis, deconjugation, and methylation with diazomethane, the bile acids were identified by GC-MS of trimethylsilyl derivatives. The major bile acids in the urine were 3 beta,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholenoic acid 3-sulfate, 3 beta,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5-cholenoic acid monosulfate, and their glycine conjugates. Chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid were undetectable in urine and plasma. The family pedigree suggested that abnormal bile acid synthesis was an autosomal recessive condition leading to cirrhosis in early childhood.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1987

Atrial natriuretic peptide in patent ductus arteriosus.

Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured in nine infants (age 4 days-9 months) before and after closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Initially all patients had marked distention of the left atrium as indicated by a left atrium to aortic root ratio greater than or equal to 1.3 on echocardiography. After closure of the ductus, operative in six and pharmacological in three patients, left atrial size normalized (left atrium to aortic root ratio less than 1.3) in all patients, except in one treated surgically. Before closure the plasma concentration of ANP was 86-2224 pg/ml and after closure 44-1400 pg/ml. There was a significant correlation between the size of left atrium and plasma concentration of ANP (r = 0.56; p = 0.01). Our results suggest that in infants with patent ductus arteriosus the left atrium is the main source of ANP. The secretory rate of ANP decreases immediately after restoring left atrial size by closure of the ductus.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1987

Primary meningococcal arthritis.

Arthritis in meningococcal disease is not uncommon and can be caused by either septic invasion of joints or allergic manifestations. Primary meningococcal arthritis (PMA) is, on the other hand, a rare form of meningococcal disease presenting as an isolated septic arthritis without other signs of meningococcal disease. We describe here the first two cases of PMA reported from Scandinavia. The patients were males, 3 and 47 years old, both with arthritis in an ankle joint. PMA is most commonly seen among male infants. Large joints, mainly knee joints, are most often involved and not seldom is the disease polyarthritic. PMA may appear with a previous or on-going upper respiratory tract infection and/or a maculopapular skin rash. If properly treated the prognosis is good.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1986

Sex differences in cytochrome P-450-dependent 25-hydroxylation of C27-steroids and vitamin D3 in rat liver microsomes.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the cytochrome P-450 catalyzing 25-hydroxylation of C27-steroids and vitamin D3 (Andersson, S., Holmberg, I., and Wikvall, K. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6777-6781) have been prepared by immunization of mice in hind footpads. Lymph node cells from the mice were fused with the Sp 2/0-Ag 14 line of mouse myeloma cells. A monoclonal antibody, designated MAb-25-6, monospecific for cytochrome P-450(25) was, after coupling to Sepharose, able to bind to cytochrome P-450(25) and to immunoprecipitate the activity for 25-hydroxylation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol and vitamin D3 as well as that for 16 alpha-hydroxylation of testosterone when assayed in a reconstituted system. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of adult male rat liver microsomes and immunoblotting with MAb-25-6 showed a single spot with an apparent isoelectric point of 7.4 and Mr approximately 51,000. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with MAb-25-6, cytochrome P-450(25) was shown to be male-specific and not detectable in adult female rat liver microsomes. N-terminal sequence analysis of cytochrome P-450(25) showed a structure identical with that of the male-specific steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase isolated in several laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Single-dose kinetics of deuterium-labelled cannabidiol in man after smoking and intravenous administration.

The disposition of deuterium-labelled cannabidiol, 2H2-CBD, was studied in five young men who were marihuana smokers. The pattern of use ranged from infrequent to frequent use of the drug. Plasma concentrations, determined by mass fragmentography, were followed for 72 h after both intravenous administration of 20 mg 2H2-CBD and smoking of an estimated amount of 18.8-19.4 mg 2H2-CBD. Systemic availability after smoking was determined by comparing the areas under the plasma concentration versus time curves for the two treatments and was found to be 31 +/- 13%. A four-fold difference in the availability of the compound was noted for the five subjects. Based on the area under the curve and the dose after intravenous administration, a plasma clearance of 960-1560 ml min-1 was calculated. A terminal elimination phase was not reached at 72 h, but the kinetic parameters were estimated from the 72 h beta-elimination. A half-life of 31 +/- 4 h after smoking and 24 +/- 6 h after injection was estimated as well as a distribution volume of 2520 +/- 470 l (32.7 +/- 8.61 kg-1).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Localized responses in the midsuprasylvian gyrus of the cat following stimulation of the central lateral nucleus in thalamus.

Evoked responses were mapped in the cerebral cortex following low intensity electrical stimulation in serial penetrations of the medial and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus of the cat. A projection was found from one of the intralaminar nuclei, the central lateral nucleus (CL) to the midsuprasylvian gyrus, mainly areas 5 and 7. The projection is suggested to be direct, since the evoked responses had a short latency initial positivity. The most characteristic type of response consisted of this early positivity followed by two successive negativities. The earlier, so called first negativity followed high frequency stimulation and was recorded in a smaller area of the cortex than the later, so called second negativity. The first negativity is suggested to depend on monosynaptic depolarization and activation of cortical cells. The second negativity failed at frequencies higher than 10 Hz and was strongly depressed by the administration of barbiturates; it is suggested to depend on polysynaptic depolarization and cellular activity. In electrode penetrations of the cortex both negativities reversed at the border between cortical layers II and III, indicating a superficial termination of thalamic afferents in the cortex. The cortical evoked response to CL stimulation was facilitated by light mechanical and low intensity electrical stimulation of the periphery, as well as by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp. The possible significance and function of this projection is discussed in relation to arousal, attention and pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Thermography and plethysmography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis--a comparison with phlebography.

Ninety-two patients with suspected unilateral deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limb were examined by thermography, plethysmography and phlebography. ROC analysis (Receiver Operating Characteristics) was used to evaluate discrimination thresholds and to compare thermography and plethysmography (four variables) with phlebography. The sensitivity of thermography, 85% (94% for out-patients), was higher than that of plethysmography (58-79%) for the discrimination thresholds chosen. The specificity of thermography was low, 39% (42% for out-patients) or 55%, if obvious relevant clinical findings were included in the evaluation. The specificity of plethysmography was much higher (80-97%). Optimum combination of the four plethysmographic variables showed predictive values of 93-94%, while combination of thermography and plethysmographic variables showed higher predictive values (95-97%), mostly because of a higher sensitivity of thermography for distal DVT. A possible reduction of the number of phlebographic examinations by at least 50% and a cost reduction of 25% could have been obtained without any appreciable loss of diagnostic accuracy. A follow-up study of 112 consecutive patients, examined according to the recommended screening method, showed a reduction of phlebographic examinations by 62%.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

A laser Doppler technique for measuring distal blood-pressure: a comparison with conventional strain-gauge technique.

Twenty-five patients with peripheral circulatory disorders were examined by laser Doppler and strain-gauge techniques to compare these methods of measuring distal systolic blood-pressure. The correlation coefficients for simultaneous measurement of toe and ankle systolic blood-pressures were high, 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. The correlation coefficient for successive measurements of toe pressure was lower, 0.83, probably because of a variation in blood-pressure with time. The laser Doppler method seems to be more sensitive than the strain-gauge method in the low-pressure range. The laser Doppler probe is easy to attach to most skin surfaces and the laser Doppler technique may be, therefore, an alternative and a complement to the strain-gauge method when the strain-gauge is difficult to use on damaged or ulcerous toes and feet.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Atopy, occupation and domestic work as risk factors for hand eczema in hospital workers.

By means of a multivariate regression analysis, we have studied the importance of atopy, "wet" and "dry" occupations, and domestic work as risk factors for hand eczema. Hand eczema was identified by questionnaire. The studied cohort consisted of 2452 newly employed hospital workers with a median follow-up time of 20 months. Of the total cohort studied, 86% were female. The total occurrence of hand eczema in the 4 occupational groups studied were: nursing staff 41%, kitchen workers/cleaners 37%, office workers 25% and caretakers/craftsmen 17%. Atopic dermatitis increased the odds of developing hand eczema by 3 times in wet as well as in dry work. Subjects with atopic dermatitis developed a more severe hand eczema than subjects with atopic mucosal symptoms and non-atopics. Wet hospital work increased the odds by a factor of 2 compared to dry office work. 2 anamnestically available parameters of domestic work, namely "nursing of children younger than 4 years" and "absence of dish-washing machine" were found to significantly increase the risk of developing hand eczema. Wet work in combination with unfavourable domestic factors increased the odds by a factor of 4. The caretakers/craftsmen group, which was dominated by men, showed the lowest figure for hand eczema.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bile acid metabolism during development: metabolism of taurodeoxycholic acid in human fetal liver.

The metabolism of tauro-[24-14C]deoxycholic acid was studied in microsomal preparations from fetal liver. The livers were obtained at legal abortions performed between week 13 and 24. Taurodeoxycholic acid was efficiently hydroxylated in the 1 beta- and 7 alpha-positions. The hydroxylase activities did not increase with gestational age. A marked variation in extent of hydroxylation was noted between different preparations. The results are discussed in relation to earlier knowledge of fetal and neonatal bile acid metabolism.

Deoxycholic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Some applications of chiral liquid affinity chromatography using bovine serum albumin as a stationary phase.

The enantioselectivity excerted by many proteins can be utilized for direct optical resolution in liquid chromatographic processes whereby the protein is used as a stationary phase. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), covalently bound to a suitable support, has been shown to act as a chiral discriminator for a variety of racemic organic compounds in aqueous buffers. Columns packed with BSA-silica can be used for determination of enantiomeric composition in aqueous solvents at very low concentrations by HPLC. This technique opens up new possibilities for the preparative isolation of micrograms amounts of enantiomers and for studies of stereoselectivity and mechanisms in enzymatic and microbial reactions.

Animals↗