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Biomedical subjects

S Anand

Publications and source records attributed to S Anand.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Cardiovascular and cancer mortality among Canadians of European, south Asian and Chinese origin from 1979 to 1993: an analysis of 1.2 million deaths.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease and cancer are important health problems worldwide, yet our knowledge of these conditions is derived principally from populations of European descent. To investigate ethnic variations in major causes of death in Canada, the authors examined total and cause-specific mortality among European, south Asian, and Chinese Canadians. METHODS: Canadians of European, south Asian and Chinese origin were identified in the Canadian Mortality Database by last name and country of birth and in the population census by self-reported ethnicity. Age-standardized death rates by cause, per 100,000 population, were calculated for ages 35 to 74 years from 1979 to 1993 and in 5-year intervals grouped around census years (1979/83, 1984/88 and 1989/93). RESULTS: Rates of death from ischemic heart disease were highest among Canadians of south Asian origin (men 320.2, women 144.5) and European origin (men 319.6, women 109.9) and were markedly lower among Canadians of Chinese origin (men 107.0, women 40.0); the rates declined significantly in all 3 groups over the study period. Rates of death from cerebrovascular disease were relatively low and showed less ethnic variation (Canadian men of European, south Asian and Chinese origin 49.5, 47.0 and 45.8 respectively; Canadian women of European, south Asian and Chinese origin 34.8, 39.0 and 42.2 respectively) and declined similarly in all groups over time. Rates of death from cancer were highest among Canadians of European origin (men 343.6, women 236.2), intermediate among those of Chinese origin (men 258.1, women 161.6) and lowest among those of south Asian origin (men 122.3, women 131.3). Over time, cancer mortality increased in Canadians of European origin but remained constant or declined in those of south Asian and Chinese origin. INTERPRETATION: Substantial differences exist in rates of death from ischemic heart disease and cancer among European, south Asian and Chinese Canadians.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Inhibition of neutrophil derived lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species by a novel tetrapeptide.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The role of a tetrapeptide derivative PEP 1261 {Boc-Lys(Boc)-Arg-Asp-Ser(tBu)-OtBu}, corresponding to residues 39-42 of human lactoferrin, has been tested in vitro in the modulation of neutrophil function. MATERIAL AND SUBJECTS: The level of non-enzymatic mediators of inflammation such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymatic mediators such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lysosomal enzymes have been assessed in the presence or absence of PEP 1261 in phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) stimulated human neutrophils (n = 6) and also in neutrophils isolated from adjuvant induced arthritic rats (AIA) (n = 4). TREATMENT: PEP 1261, at a concentration of 0.14 mM, was added to the neutrophil cultures. STATISTICAL METHOD: The results were analysed by nonparametric statistics using Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS: Addition of PEP 1261 effectively blocked the H2O2 and O2*- release, decreased the levels of MPO levels (p< 0.01) and lysosomal enzymes (p < 0.05) as compared to PMA stimulated human neutrophils. PEP 1261 was also observed to inhibit the levels of H2O2, O2*-, MPO and lysosomal enzymes (p < 0.05) as compared to PMA stimulated control rat neutrophils and neutrophils from arthritic rats. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that PEP 1261 could serve as an excellent antiinflammatory agent.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1999

Spinal epidural abscess - a report of six cases.

Six cases of spinal epidural abscess are presented. All patients were young with no predisposing conditions. All were treated with laminectomy and intravenous antibiotics. The patients with no neurological deficit recovered completely, while patients with pre-existing neurological deficit had a poorer outcome. Emphasis is given to early detection and surgical management to prevent irreversible damage to the spinal cord.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The selectivity and timing of motion processing in human temporo-parieto-occipital and occipital cortex: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

An extrastriate visual area near the human temporo parieto occipital junction (TPO) may selectively mediate motion processing, while contributing little to the perception of color or form. This TPO area may be the human analogue of the monkey middle temporal (MT or V5) and medial superior temporal (MST) extrastriate visual areas. The selectivity of the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on motion processing was unknown, as was the timecourse of occipital to TPO motion processing. In the first experiment, unilateral TMS was delivered over TPO 50-250 ms after the onset of a random dot motion discrimination display that was presented in the right or left hemifield. TMS reduced the correct discrimination of motion direction only when it was delivered in a discrete time window 100-175 ms following the onset of the display. TMS did not significantly affect hemifield spatial acuity in the same time window. In the second experiment, bilateral TMS delivered over occipital cortex also degraded the discrimination of motion-defined form (MDF) in a discrete time window following the onset of a display presented foveally. Bilateral focal TMS delivered over TPO disrupted the discrimination of MDF in a time window beginning 20-40 ms later than the effect of TMS delivered over occipital cortex. Bilateral focal TMS delivered over TPO also degraded the discrimination of color-defined form, motion direction and color. TMS can trace the timing of visual processing from occipital to extrastriate visual areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Curcumin treatment modulates collagen metabolism in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats.

This study was carried out to evaluate whether curcumin, a potent antioxidant, had any specific role in the synthesis and degradation of collagen in rat heart with myocardial necrosis, induced by isoproterenol.HCI (ISO). Myocardial necrosis was induced by administration of ISO (30 mg/100 g body weight subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 h) and studies on collagen metabolism were carried out with curcumin (200 mg/kg) pre-and co-treatment with ISO. The incorporation of 14C-proline into collagen was studied as an index of collagen synthesis. The heart weight/body weight ratio,heart RNA/DNA ratio and protein were found to increase significantly in ISO administered animals. Curcumin pre- and co-treatment with ISO reversed these changes and attenuated the development of cardiac hypertrophy two weeks after the second dose of ISO. Increased fractional synthesis rate and enhanced degradation of newly synthesized collagen were observed in ISO administered animals. Curcumin pre- and co-treatment with ISO was noticed to decrease the degree of degradation of the existing collagen matrix and collagen synthesis, two weeks after the second dose of ISO. The observed effects could be due to free radical scavenging capacity and inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release by curcumin.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Direct thrombin inhibitors.

Direct thrombin inhibitors may offer advantages over indirect thrombin inhibitors in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Two direct thrombin inhibitors, hirudin and bivalirudin, have been investigated in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Based on the results of a meta-analysis of study data from 25,000 patients, hirudin appears to be more effective than unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the treatment of patients with ACS, but it is associated with an increased rate of major bleeding. A meta-analysis of a smaller patient population has suggested that bivalirudin, too, may be more efficacious than UFH and may also be safer.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Somatic hypermutation, clonal diversity, and preferential expression of the VH 51p1/VL kv325 immunoglobulin gene combination in hepatitis C virus-associated immunocytomas.

A high prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has recently been shown in a subset of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, most of which belong to the lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma/immunocytoma subtype and are characterized by the production of a monoclonal IgM cryoglobulin with rheumatoid factor activity. To better define the stage of differentiation of the malignant B cell and to investigate the role of chronic antigen stimulation in the pathogenesis of the HCV-associated immunocytomas, we analyzed the variable (V) region gene repertoire in 16 cases with this type of tumor. The lymphoma-derived V gene sequences were successfully determined in 8 cases; 5 of them expressed the 51p1 VH gene in combination with the kv325 VL gene. Moreover, a monoclonal 51p1-expressing B-cell population was detected in 4 of the remaining immunocytomas by an allele-specific Ig gene fingerprinting assay, indicating that HCV-associated immunocytomas represent clonal proliferations of a highly selected B-cell population. Somatic mutations and intraclonal diversity were observed in all of the lymphoma V genes, and clonally related IgM and IgG VH transcripts indicative of isotype switching were present in one case. These findings are consistent with an antigen-driven process and support a role for chronic antigen stimulation in the growth and clonal evolution of HCV-associated immunocytomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Management of displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults (a group at risk).

25 young adults (age 15-50 years) with femoral neck fractures were operated on an ordinary operating table, using a Watson-Jones approach. Open reduction of the fracture site through an anterior capsular incision was performed and fixation with three cancellous screws was done. Patients were regularly assessed for clinical and radiological evidence of non-union and avascular necrosis. Average follow-up was 32 months. Non-union was seen in one case (4 per cent) and evidence of avascular necrosis was seen in three cases (12 per cent). The results were compared with available published series of similar fractures, treated by closed and open reduction technique. The comparison showed that in young adults, primary open reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fractures can be recommended as the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Tracing the timing of human analysis of motion and chromatic signals from occipital to temporo-parieto-occipital cortex: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

In human visual analysis, the initial processing of motion and chromatic signals may be mediated by feed-forward pathways from striate cortex to segregated areas of extrastriate cortex. The time-course of occipital to temporo-parieto-occipital motion processing was unknown, as was the selectivity of the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on motion processing. TMS delivered over occipital cortex degraded the discrimination of motion-defined form (MDF) in a discrete time window beginning 100-120 ms from the onset of the visual stimulus. Bilateral focal TMS delivered over the temporo-parieto-occipital junction (TPO) disrupted the discrimination of MDF in a time window beginning 20-40 ms later than the effect of TMS delivered over occipital cortex. Bilateral focal TMS delivered over TPO also degraded the discrimination of CDF, motion direction, and color.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A new test for estimating iliotibial band contracture.

Contracture of the iliotibial band leading to flexion and abduction deformity at the hip is common in residual paralysis after polio. Ober's test has been used to detect this, but it is unreliable and cannot determine the degree of contracture. We describe a new test which quantifies this contracture and can be used for comparative purposes.

Contracture↗
PubMed1997

Microstructural and Magnetic Studies on Hydrothermally Prepared Hematite

Hematite particles of various shapes and sizes have been prepared hydrothermally at different pH values ranging from 3 to 10 from ferric chloride solution at 180&deg;C. Particle size decreases with an increase in the pH of precipitation as observed from Transmission Electron Micrographs (TEM). A comparison of TEM and mean crystallite diameter (MCD) from XRD data reveals that the particles prepared are polycrystalline in nature. The polycrystallinity decreases with an increase in the pH of precipitation, and at pH 10 almost single crystalline nature of particles is obtained. Polycrystalline monodispersed pseudocubic particles obtained at pH 3 exhibit very high coercive force and remanent magnetization which decreases with an increase in pH, whereas Morin transition temperature, Tm, shows an opposite trend. Magnetic a.c. susceptibility increases with an increase in pH up to pH 7 and then decreases. A probable mechanism for the formation of polycrystalline particles has been suggested in order to explain the above trends in magnetic behavior.

Journal Article↗