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Biomedical subjects

S Amir

Publications and source records attributed to S Amir.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Brain and liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and voluntary ethanol consumption by rats: relations to strain, sex, and age.

Voluntary ethanol consumption and brain and liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were measured in male and female rats of the Tryon Maze-Bright (S1), Tryon Maze-Dull (S3), and Wistar strains. The levels of brain ALDH measured in the different groups, corresponded well to the levels of ethanol consumption, while differences in liver ALDH corresponded well to only the strain differences in ethanol intake. Within individual groups, levels of ethanol consumption correlated better with levels of brain and liver aldehyde-oxidizing capacity. Age affected both voluntary ethanol intake and liver ALDH levels, but there were no systematic relations between the two effects. Age did not significantly affect the cerebral-aldehyde oxidizing capacity. It is argued that inherent variation in brain ALDH activity may be a principal biochemical counterpart of the differences in ethanol intake amoung different strains and sexes of laboratory rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Assay and use of magnesium ferrite as a reference in absorption trials with cattle.

Magnesium ferrite, an inert ferrimagnetic material, was introduced as reference substances in absorption trials with ruminants. A method for assaying magnesium ferrite was based upon the difference between the weight of the test material on an analytic balance and that of the same material weighed below a permanent magnet. Four heifers in two pairs were in a feeding experiment lasting for 6 wk divided into two 3-wk periods. Each animal received once daily 12 g magnesium ferrite and, as control, 12 g shredded paper impregnated with 4.2 g chromium oxide. The rations were composed of chopped wheat straw and concentrates, given twice daily, with a different straw-concentrate ratio for each group. The treatments were reversed after the first experimental period. Mean recoveries of magnesium ferrite and chromic oxide in total collection of feces were 103 and 90.2%. Mean absorption coefficients of organic matter calculated by total collection and by the ratios of magnesium ferrite and chromic oxide in feces taken from the rectum were 68.1, 70.1, and 65.7%. The method is simple and accurate and may replace methods involving time consuming chemical determinations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psycho-social aspects of children and adolescents with diabetes.

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, a life-long disease with many possible complications, has a dramatic impact upon the entire family, precipitating a state of "shock". The psychological problems in diabetes should be divided in 3 periods: at diagnosis (other diseases or tension existing in the family and not related to diabetes, socio-economic state); initial adaptation period (acceptance to be "different", adjustment to rules of control such as daily injection of insulin, self blood glucose monitoring or urine testing, changing of nutritional habits, etc.), and long term coping (self-image, family dynamics, social activities, school achievements, vocational rehabilitation and continuing compliance. Counselling of the psychological problems is an ongoing need and is best delivered when the treating team included psychologists and social workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone blocks neurally-mediated hyperglycemia through central action.

Central injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) potently blocked the development of, as well as rapidly reversed, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG)-stimulated hyperglycemia in mice. The antihyperglycemic effect was dose-related, dependent upon the structural integrity of the peptide, dissociated from the peptide's hypophysiotropic action and from its interaction with TRH receptors, and mediated by the cholinergic parasympathetic system. Moreover, TRH blocked the rise in plasma glucose following central injection of corticotropin-releasing factor, enkephalin, clonidine and glucagon, as well as the hyperglycemic response to immobilization, electric foot shock or endotoxin administration. These results indicate that TRH, acting within the central nervous system, can block neurally-mediated hyperglycemia in addition to its previously reported actions to elicit systemic hypoglycemia in normoglycemic mice and to antagonize epinephrine-stimulated hyperglycemia in these animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of clonidine-stimulated hyperglycemia by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Central injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) prevented the rise in plasma glucose due to clonidine challenge in mice. This antihyperglycemic action was dose-related, dependent upon the structural integrity of the peptide, dissociated from the peptide's hypophysiotropic influences, and coupled to reversal of clonidine's suppressive action of insulin release. TRH was effective in preventing the rise in plasma glucose when given at different times before clonidine (up to two hours), and it also reversed the hyperglycemia when administered 30 min after clonidine, when plasma glucose was already exceedingly high. The results suggest that TRH is able to physiologically oppose clonidine-induced hyperglycemia by acting in a specific and durable manner upon central mechanisms which modulate insulin secretion.

Adrenalectomy↗