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Biomedical subjects

S Allan

Publications and source records attributed to S Allan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The phenomenology of shame and guilt: an empirical investigation.

This paper explores the various literatures concerned with shame and guilt. Lewis' (1987) model of shame is outlined. The phenomena she suggested to be part of shame (feelings of helplessness, anger at others, anger at self, self-consciousness and feelings of inferiority) were investigated as to their relationship with shame. Strong support for these phenomena being related to shame, but not guilt, was found. Although located in separate literatures, shame and fear of negative evaluation have considerable overlap and this study set out to explore this relationship. The study further considered the role of submissive behaviour in shame and depression. Evidence was found to support the view that submissive behaviour is involved in both shame and depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[DNA sequencing of circumsporozoite protein genes of Plasmodium vivax from four different countries in west Pacific region: comparative study on the flank sequences].

P. vivax CSP gene of 18 isolates from infected blood of patients living in China, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea in West Pacific region has been sequenced from both terminal end. The total readable sequence in most isolates was about 725 base pair (bp), including the first two repeat units (70-330 bp) to the N terminus, and the last two repeat units to the C terminus (763-1,228 bp). Comparison and analysis of these obtained sequences with the published sequences of N.K., Thai., Belem, Sal-l. and BZL strains showed that:the N and C terminus sequences flanking the centre repeats in CSP gene were highly conserved in all isolates and identical with the 5 published sequences but a double base pair substitution in each end and a remarkable polymorphism in the postrepeat variable region in C terminus were found, including some diversities with obvious geographic characteristics which have not been reported previously.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Experimental Lyme disease in dogs produces arthritis and persistent infection.

Lyme disease was reproduced in specific pathogen-free beagle dogs by exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks (Ixodes dammini). Seroconversion and disease frequency were higher after exposure to infected adult ticks than to infected nymphs. Young pups developed clinical disease more readily than older dogs. The incubation period lasted 2-5 months. Acute recurrent lameness with fibrinopurulent arthritis was the dominant clinical sign. Dogs recovered but developed persistent mild polyarthritis. B. burgdorferi persisted in recovered dogs for at least 1 year. Isolation of B. burgdorferi and detection by polymerase chain reaction was most successful from skin biopsies at the site of the tick bite. Antibody to B. burgdorferi antigens was first detected by ELISA and Western blots by 4-6 weeks after exposure. High serum levels persisted during 17 months of observation. In contrast to infection from ticks, inoculation of dogs with cultured B. burgdorferi resulted in seroconversion with a shorter duration of antibody persistence and no clinical disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Development and isotype diversity of antibodies to inhalant and dietary antigens in childhood atopic eczema.

This study demonstrated that a major feature of childhood atopic eczema (AE) is the presence of serum IgG and IgE anti-house dust mite (anti-HDM) antibodies in almost all AE individuals. IgG anti-HDM antibodies, usually of the IgG1 isotype, became prevalent in AE children over the age of 4 years with the highest antibody levels in children in their early teens. In contrast, immunological sensitization to dietary antigens, notably milk and eggs, occurred in both AE children and age-matched non-atopic control children, and was often associated with IgG4 antibodies during early childhood. These became less prevalent with increasing age in control children but persisted in AE children, sometimes together with IgE antibodies. The later occurrence of anti-HDM antibodies in AE children could reflect immunological sensitization following inhalation of antigen, whereas sensitization to dietary antigens appears to be a natural event in early childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging of limbic encephalitis.

The authors describe the imaging appearance of limbic encephalitis. This condition may be the presenting complaint of patients with an occult malignant lesion, as in the case reported here. The contrast-enhanced cerebral computed tomography scans of patients with limbic encephalitis may be normal, yet magnetic resonance imaging may show distinctive features. Because neurologic improvement may follow treatment of the primary tumour, early diagnosis is important.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1992

Case-control study of factors associated with failure to detect breast cancer by mammography.

BACKGROUND: Although mammography is widely used to detect breast cancer, it is recognized that not all cancers can be seen on mammographic images. PURPOSE: Our purpose was to examine factors associated with failure to detect breast cancer by mammography. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out in which subjects in whom histologically verified breast cancer was not detected by mammography (false negatives) were contrasted with subjects in whom breast cancer had been detected by mammography (true positives). Mammograms from individuals with histologically confirmed breast cancer were classified independently by two radiologists who were unaware of the clinical or other characteristics of the subjects. Histologic slides of all tumors were reviewed by one pathologist. RESULTS: Three variables were found to be independently and significantly associated with failure to detect breast cancer by mammography. Breast cancer was less likely to be detected by mammography in the presence of extensive parenchymal densities (odds ratio [OR] = 9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-44.3), a tumor of lobular histology (OR = 7; 95% CI = 2.2-22.1), and tumors of small size (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.0-0.9). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that biologic factors are associated with failure to detect some breast cancers by mammography and indicate directions for future research in breast imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identification of a 200-kDa glycoprotein antigen of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed a single predominant moiety of apparent size 200 kDa which was strongly periodic acid Schiff-positive. In immunoblotting experiments, human sera containing anti-S. cerevisiae antibodies were reactive only with this glycoprotein (gp200); this was demonstrated using sera containing IgG and IgA isotype-specific anti-S. cerevisiae antibodies. The antigenicity of gp200 was substantially reduced by periodate treatment. These results show that gp200 is a major glycoprotein antigen of S. cerevisiae which is immunogenic in man.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Female green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) do not selectively respond to signals with a harmonic structure in noise.

1. Females of the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea, communicate in noisy environments, with spectrally complicated signals. A previous study (Megela Simmons 1988), using the reflex modification technique, found that the masked threshold of green treefrogs to two-tone signals differed by about 10 dB depending on whether or not the two components were harmonically-related. The present study used the same two-component stimuli to test the prediction that gravid females would better detect harmonic sounds in noise than inharmonic ones. 2. We offered gravid treefrogs simultaneous choices between alternative two-component synthetic sounds: (1) an inharmonic sound of 831 + 3100 Hz, and a harmonic sound of 828 + 2760 Hz. We varied the sound pressure level (SPL in decibels [dB]) to which we equalized these alternatives at the female's release point (75 and 80 dB SPL), and we tested females in quiet conditions and in the presence of broadband background noise (52 dB/Hz at the female's release point). 3. At a signal playback level of 75 dB SPL, one-third of the females responded in the presence of background noise. Subtracting the spectrum level yields a critical ratio estimate of 23 dB, a value that is very similar to estimates for single pure tones in noise reported in other studies of this species (Ehret and Gerhardt 1980; Moss and Megela Simmons 1986). Females did not, however, choose the harmonic sound over the inharmonic sound in this condition, at the higher signal-to-noise ratio, or in either of the unmasked situations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

Serum antibodies reactive with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in inflammatory bowel disease: is IgA antibody a marker for Crohn's disease?

Sera from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been evaluated for antibodies reactive with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (anti-Sacc antibodies) using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). IgG anti-Sacc antibodies were detected in 63% (25/40) of CD patients, compared with 15% (4/27) of UC patients (p less than 0.001) and 8% (5/60) healthy adult controls (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of detectable IgG anti-Sacc antibodies in adult patients with coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, irritable bowel syndrome or atopic eczema was not significantly different to controls. In comparison, the prevalence of detectable IgG anti-Escherichia coli antibodies was not significantly different between CD (75%) or UC (79%) patients. More particularly, elevated levels of serum IgA anti-Sacc antibodies were detected in 17/40 CD patients, but in none of the 27 UC patients. These data confirm that serum antibodies reactive with S. cerevisiae are strongly associated with CD and further show that serum IgA anti-Sacc antibodies may be specific for this disorder.

Adolescent↗