Molecular DIY with hairpins and hammerheads.
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Base Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
S Akhtar
Publications and source records attributed to S Akhtar.
Effect of storage on some constituents of camel serum.
Effects of storage at room temperature (23-25 degrees C) and refrigeration (4-5 degrees C) on various biochemical constituents of camel serum were investigated. Albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) did not change over 9 days when stored at 4-5 degree C. At 4-5 degree C, creatinine, iron and glucose in camel sera remained stable for 6 days; total protein for 7 days; and blood urea nitrogen for 8 days. Decreased activities in creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were apparent after 1, 6, and 7 days, respectively. At room temperature, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium and phosphorus were stable throughout the 9 days. Changes in glucose and iron occurred after 3 days. Stability at room temperature for LDH was 1 day; AST, 3 days; GGT and ALT, 6 days; and AP, 8 days. CK activity had already declined by 4 hours and by 9 days, only 34% activity remained.
Animals↗
A third individuation: immigration, identity, and the psychoanalytic process.
Immigration from one country to another is a complex psychosocial process with lasting effects on an individual's identity. The dynamic shifts, resulting from an admixture of "culture shock" and mourning over the losses inherent in migration, gradually give way to psychostructural change and the emergence of a hybrid identity. This paper delineates the factors affecting the psychological outcome of immigration and describes four interlinked strands in the fabric of identity change in immigrants. These involve the dimensions of drive and affects, interpersonal and psychic space, temporality, and social affiliation. Issues of idealization and devaluation, closeness and distance, hope and nostalgia, the transitional area of the mind, superego modification, mutuality, and linguistic transformation are highlighted. Implications of these ideas for the psychoanalytic process and technique in instances where the analysand, the analyst, or both are immigrants are briefly touched upon, as are caveats and limitations with regard to the proposed conceptualizations.
Emigration and Immigration↗
Rates of seroconversion in the progeny of Brucella abortus seropositive and seronegative cattle and buffalo.
The authors estimated the rates of development of serum antibodies against Brucella abortus, between January 1987 and December 1990, in female Jersey cattle and buffalo weaned from seropositive and seronegative dams, and used logistic regression analysis to examine the epidemiological relationship of these rates with the serum antibody status of dams. The offspring from both seropositive and seronegative dams were reared together in calf pens, while separate pens were used for bovine and buffalo calves. Each of the bovine calves was manually fed two litres of bulked milk (pooled from seronegative and seropositive cows) twice a day, in the morning and evening. The buffalo calves, however, were allowed to suckle their respective dams before and after manual milking of each buffalo, in the morning and evening. Bovine calves and buffalo calves were weaned at approximately six months of age and moved to sheds for young livestock. At maturity, the female offspring were artificially inseminated, and pregnancy was subsequently diagnosed by rectal palpation. The rate of seroconversion in the progeny of seropositive Jersey cattle was 26.4% (14 of 53 animals) compared to 14.3% (11 of 77 animals) in the progeny of seronegative cattle; this difference was non-significant (P = 0.1342). In buffalo, however, the rate of seroconversion in the progeny of seropositive dams (43.3% = 13/30) was significantly higher (P = 0.0002) than in the progeny of seronegative buffalo (8.8% = 6/68). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the progeny of seropositive buffalo were approximately 6.2 times more likely to have developed serum antibodies by the time of first calving than the progeny of seronegative buffalo (adjusted odds ratio [OR]) = 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 36.4). This relationship was non-significant, however, for the progeny of seropositive cattle (adjusted OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 0.6, 7.4). The implications of these results and potential sources of bias are discussed.
Animals↗
An on-farm health monitoring of small ruminants: design, data and disease frequencies.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the three-year incidence risk of various diseases of adult sheep and goats through on-farm herd health monitoring. The study was conducted, between April 1989 and March 1992, in three sheep and three goat herds with a rolling average total population of 704 adult animals. A system for on-farm data recording was established at the beginning of the study. The data were recorded on a specially-designed form by a veterinary stock assistant stationed on the farms, and collected by the investigating veterinarian during weekly visits. The results were used to determine the three-year incidence risk, three-year recurrence probability and time to first occurrence of various health problems. The associations between occurrences of various health problems were also determined. In the study herds, the three-year incidence risk was highest for diarrhoea, enterotoxaemia, cough/nasal discharge, laboured breathing with elevated body temperature, and abortion. Significant and strong associations were recorded between digestive disorders and death, and between respiratory disorders and death. Temporal occurrence of these health problems was recorded to determine the seasonality of occurrence. Areas for further research are discussed.
Animal Husbandry↗
Efficacy of ivermectin against goat warbles (Przhevalskiana silenus Brauer) in Pakistan.
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Animals↗
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus.
The paranasal sinuses are a rare site for neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). In contrast to the other regions, NEC of the sinuses has been reported to be recurrent and locally destructive. We report a case of NEC of the ethmoid sinuses. The patient was a 16-year-old Indian boy and was treated with radiation therapy to 6500 rad. He has been disease free for the past 5 years. All the cases reported to date were also reviewed.
Adolescent↗
Monitoring of bovine health problems of small dairy herds in Islamabad Capital Territory: design, data and disease frequencies.
A pilot health monitoring system was started in 1990 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating the disease frequencies in dairy cattle and buffaloes. This paper presents the design of the monitoring programme and frequencies of selected diseases. Eighty herds were selected with typical livestock management practices of the farmers in the area. Veterinary assistants visited the farms once a month for 12 months to collect livestock inventory, production, disease and preventive treatment data. The incidence density method was used as a measure of disease frequency. In adults, breeding problems, mastitis and gastro-intestinal problems were the highest reported conditions. Respiratory problems were the commonest in young stock. The calves of both species frequently had gastro-intestinal and respiratory disease conditions. Most of the calf crop of both species were lost within the first 3 months of life.
Age Factors↗
Macrosomia: maternal and fetal outcome.
This retrospective case--control study analyses the prevalence and outcome of macrosomia in a part of the underdeveloped world. Out of 6,093 deliveries at a large tertiary care centre, 234 (3.8%) were macrosomic. Maternal risk factors associated with the condition included age over 35, obesity, grand multiparity, postmaturity and impaired glucose tolerance. Operative deliveries were more common as was shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, fetal distress, the need for neonatal intensive care and perinatal loss.
Case-Control Studies↗
Evaluation of three oil-adjuvant vaccines against Pasteurella multocida in buffalo calves.
Three oil-adjuvant vaccines of Pasteurella multocida 6:B were evaluated with respect to the level and duration of the humoral immune response produced in buffalo calves. Preparation 1 was a water-in-oil emulsion containing Marcol 52, Montanide 888 and antigen at a ratio of 6:1:3. Preparation 2 was a double emulsion containing Marcol 52, Arlacel A and Tween 80 in addition to antigen. Preparation 3 contained alpha-d-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E), Montanide 888 and antigen. All three preparations induced a similar sustained immune response in buffalo calves beyond 270 days post-vaccination.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Ear lobe keloids, surgical excision followed by radiation therapy: a 10-year experience.
This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the recurrence of ear lobe keloids in 36 patients after surgical excision followed by radiation therapy. In all the cases keloids were excised and the surgical wound closed primarily. Following surgery, patients underwent 1800 cGy of radiation therapy in three equally divided doses over five to seven days. Most of our patients were young black females who developed keloids secondary to ear lobe piercing. Of the 36 patients followed for a mean period of 5.6 years, we noted only one (2.8%) recurrence. All the patients were followed for a minimum of two years. No serious complications were observed in our series. However, one patient developed radiation dermatitis followed by patchy hypopigmentation. We conclude that surgical excision followed by radiation therapy is a safe and effective method to control keloid recurrence in the ear lobe region.
Adult↗
Object constancy and adult psychopathology.
In this paper, the author has summarised Mahler's views on the initial acquisition of object constancy in early childhood. He then attempts to delineate its vicissitudes during oedipal phase, latency, adolescence, and various phases of adult development. Following this, the author describes, with the help of brief clinical vignettes, six psychopathological syndromes of adult life associated with disturbed object constancy: (i) impaired optimal distance; (ii) persistent splitting of self- and object-representations, with the concomitant intensification of affects; (iii) paranoia; (iv) inordinate optimism and the 'someday' fantasy; (v) malignant erotic transference; and (vi) impaired capacity to mourn, intense nostalgia and the 'if-only' fantasy. Finally, the author outlines the technical implications of these concepts and attempts to show that six tasks seem especially important for analytic work with such patients: (i) safeguarding the analyst's 'holding' function; (ii) interpreting splitting mechanisms, especially as these pertain to negative transference; (iii) maintaining optimal distance; (iv) discerning nonverbal communications, especially through countertransference; (v) encouraging developmental initiatives; and (vi) facilitating mourning, not only of past losses but also of those inherent in the analytic situation. Through all this, the author attempts to highlight, elucidate and extend modestly the work of Margaret Mahler.
Adult↗
The association between antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus and milk production efficiency in dairy cattle.
The association between serological evidence of exposure to Campylobacter fetus and milk production performance was studied in 178 lactating cows from three California Dairy Herd Improvement Association herds using a cross-sectional study design in December 1986. ELISAs were used to determine the antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus, Haemophilus somnus and Leptospira hardjo, which were classified as either negative or positive. The status of a cow as negative or positive against C. fetus and H. somnus represents the serological evidence of natural exposure to the corresponding bacteria. However, the status against L. hardjo was assumed to be the level of vaccinal titre against this organism since all the cows studied had been vaccinated against this agent. The data on demographic and productivity variables relating to the current lactation of the cows were obtained from Dairy Herd Improvement Association individual cow records for December 1986. Four measures of milk production efficiency for the current lactation were used. The status against L. hardjo and other covariates suggested by previous studies were included in modelling the relationships of interest. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to study the adjusted relationship of C. fetus with each measure of milk production efficiency. Multivariate analyses revealed that the adjusted relationships of C. fetus with the test-day's milk production, the extended 305-day milk production and the relative value of milk production were not significant (p > 0.1). However, after adjusting for possible covariates, C. fetus-positive cows had an average of 7.43% lower mature equivalent milk production than C. fetus-negative cows (p = 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
The association between antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus and reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle.
The relationship between the antibody titres against Campylobacter fetus and various indices of reproductive efficiency was studied in a cross-sectional study of 178 dairy cows from three California Dairy Herd Improvement Association herds. Blood samples were collected from the lactating cows during December 1986. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the antibody titres of the cow against Campylobacter fetus, Haemophilus somnus and Leptospira hardjo and were classified as either negative or positive. The status of a cow as either negative or positive against Campylobacter fetus and Haemophilus somnus represents serological evidence of natural exposure to the corresponding bacterial agents. However, the status against Leptospira hardjo was assumed to reflect a vaccinal titre since all the cows studied had been routinely vaccinated against this organism in September 1986. The data on demographic and reproductive parameters pertained only to the current lactation of the cows and were obtained from Dairy Herd Improvement Association individual cow records of December 1986. Five indices of reproductive efficiency were used, namely the recent calving interval, the calving-to-conception interval, the calving-to-last-service interval, the number of services per conception, and the number of services since last calving. The serological status against Haemophilus somnus, Leptospira hardjo and other covariates suggested by the results of previous studies were included in modelling the relationships of interest. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to study the adjusted relationship of Campylobacter fetus with each measure of reproductive efficiency. Multivariate analyses revealed that the adjusted relationship for Campylobacter fetus with all five measures of reproductive efficiency was non-significant (p > 0.05). Among the covariates, Leptospira hardjo had a strong and independent relationship with recent calving interval, the unstandardized partial regression coefficient being -0.77. The possible biological mechanisms of these associations are discussed.
Animals↗
Chloroquine induced mania.
OBJECTIVE: To find out whether chloroquine by itself can induce a manic syndrome and to study the course of illness in such cases. METHOD: All cases of manic episodes occurring in clear consciousness were scrutinized and those occurring after the use of chloroquine were included in the study. One case seen by one of the authors in the community was included. The cases were followed for variable periods. RESULTS: Six cases of chloroquine induced mania were identified of which two subtypes could be delineated with heterogeneous course, variable severity and difference in susceptibility of recurrence with rechallenge. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that chloroquine can cause secondary mania and it should be used cautiously in the predisposed.
Adolescent↗
Ciprofloxacin-induced catatonia.
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Adult↗
Risk factors associated with hydropericardium syndrome in broiler flocks.
A prospective study was undertaken to identify the epidemiological factors associated with the development and spread of the hydropericardium syndrome in broiler flocks. Data were collected between July 1989 and April 1990 from 131 flocks in 105 broiler production units pertaining to their demography, management practices, prophylactic procedures and concurrent diseases. The incidence rate of the syndrome in the whole population was 46.6 per cent. There were significant associations between the incidence in a flock and visits by a poultry vaccination crew (P = 0.014), the number of flocks raised (P = 0.004) and the source of light and heat (P = 0.007). Flocks that had one or more visits by a poultry crew were 15 times more likely to be affected by the syndrome than flocks that had no such visits. Premises where one flock was raised were nearly three times more likely to be affected than premises where two flocks were raised, and the use of electricity as a source of light and heat entailed a much lower risk of hydropericardium syndrome than kerosene oil.
Animals↗