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S Ahuja

Publications and source records attributed to S Ahuja.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evidence of enhanced kindling and hippocampal neuronal injury in immature rats with neuronal migration disorders.

PURPOSE: Neuronal migration disorders (NMD) are often found in patients with epilepsy. However, the mechanisms linking these two pathologies are not yet fully understood. In this study, we evaluated whether NMD increased kindling seizure susceptibility and seizure-induced acute neuronal damage in the immature brain. METHODS: Experimental NMD were produced by exposing pregnant rats (gestation day 15) to methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM, 25 mg/kg, ip). Seizures were induced in rat pups (postnatal day 15) transplacentally exposed to MAM and controls by hippocampal kindling. Afterdischarge (AD) threshold and duration, seizure stage, and number of stimulations required to reach each seizure stage were recorded. Acute seizure-induced damage was histologically assessed in Nissl-stained and silver-impregnated hippocampal tissue 24 h after kindling. RESULTS: Rat pups with NMD had a significantly lower AD threshold than controls (91+/-18 vs. 163+/-23 microA; p < 0.05). Furthermore, rats with NMD required fewer stimulations to reach seizure stage 3.5 and 4 than did controls. Additionally, rats with NMD had longer AD the second day of stimulation (2,094+/-416 s vs. 1,755+/-353 s; p < 0.05). Histologic examination revealed that in rats with NMD, acute seizure-induced neuronal hippocampal damage occurred bilaterally in CA3 hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSIONS: The lowered AD threshold and more rapid kindling to stages 3.5 and 4 indicate that in the presence of severe NMD, hippocampal kindling is facilitated. Furthermore, this study suggests that in the immature brain, seizure-induced hippocampal neuronal damage occurs if there is an underlying pre-existing pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Patients with type 2 diabetes have a high frequency of the C282Y mutation of the hemochromatosis gene.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a specific mutation (C282Y) associated with primary hemochromatosis (PHC) is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes than in a control group of patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes have a two- to threefold higher rate of PHC than the general population. Recent identification of a genetic mutation in patients with PHC raises the possibility that the mutation is related to type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: One hundred and five patients with type 2 diabetes and 103 control patients with type 1 diabetes, who attended the same tertiary care diabetes clinic, who were of European origin, and in whom there was no clinical suspicion of hemochromatosis. INTERVENTIONS: Patients completed a brief clinical assessment and provided a blood sample. Iron studies were measured in serum, and DNA was assayed for the presence of the C282Y and H63D mutations of the HFE gene. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 105 patients (21.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0, 29.8) with type 2 diabetes (1 homozygote) and 12 of 103 patients (11.7%; 95% CI 5.5, 17.9) with type 1 diabetes (all heterozygotes) had at least 1 copy of the C282Y mutation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% CI 1.0, 4.5; p = 0.048). Neither serum ferritin nor transferrin saturation level identified patients with a C282Y mutation. CONCLUSION: The C282Y gene mutation is a potential genetic marker for type 2 diabetes. It, or a closely linked gene, may be associated with greater than 20% of cases of type 2 diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Complications of urological laparoscopy: a standardized 1 institution experience.

PURPOSE: Urological laparoscopy has a significant and steep learning curve plus its own unique set of complications. Our retrospective study documents the success at 1 institution of maintaining a low number of complications during urological laparoscopy using a standardized approach plus clinicians with significant laparoscopic experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 282 consecutive adults who underwent urological laparoscopic procedures at our institution. Of the procedures 241 (85%) were performed for pelvic lymph node dissection, and 41 (15%) for renal and other miscellaneous conditions. The common factor in all of these laparoscopic procedures was a single team approach, thus standardization for the entire series of procedures. RESULTS: Of 12 complications (4.2%) 5 were noted intraoperatively and 7 were discovered in the postoperative period. Five patients (1.8%) required open surgical intervention, including 3 intraoperative repairs of vascular (1), ureteral (1) and bladder (1) injuries. Procedures were aborted because of technical difficulties in 7 patients (2.8%) and because of hemorrhage during adrenalectomy in 1. Delayed complications included ureteral injury in 1 patient, seroma at the trocar site in 2, exacerbation of bowel diverticulitis requiring surgical intervention in 1, prolonged endotracheal intubation for hypercapnia in 1 and transient brachial nerve palsy in 2. CONCLUSIONS: Along with appropriate patient selection and adequate instrumentation, the benefit of significant laparoscopic experience and standardization cannot be overemphasized. The success of this combined approach is reflected in the low rate of major (2%) and minor (2.5%) complications experienced at 1 institution.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Infra-orbital nerve block for relief of postoperative pain following cleft lip surgery in infants.

The study was conducted on 20 infants scheduled for cleft lip repair surgery. Ten were randomly allocated to receive bilateral infra-orbital local anaesthetic nerve blocks at the conclusion of surgery with the other 10 receiving bilateral 'sham' blocks as controls. Postoperative pain relief was assessed using a pain assessment scoring system and by monitoring arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. The mean pain assessment score was significantly higher (i.e. better) (p < 0.05) in the infants receiving the local anaesthetic block. There were no significant statistical or clinical differences in the physiological measurements between the two groups. The infants receiving the block required less analgesia in the postoperative period. The results suggest that infra-orbital nerve block is a simple and effective means of achieving postoperative analgesia after cleft lip repair surgery in infants.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of an innovative school eye health educational mode.

An innovative mode of using school children as health educators for transmitting messages on eye health care in the school environment was evaluated. Fifty children were evaluated at baseline and immediately after the educational session. A significant change in cognitive aspects of eye care was demonstrated (p < 0.001). Knowledge on vitamin A related aspects and childhood ocular trauma improved substantially compared to all other aspects of eye care.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Factors influencing survival in esophageal atresia.

There is little published literature from the third World countries that described the factors influencing survival of babies with esophageal atresia. We analysed 25 consecutive neonates treated for esophageal atresia. The overall survival rate was 36%. All 4 babies in Waterston Group A, 37.5% in Group B, and 15.4% in Group C survived. All 9 preterm babies died. Only 2 of the 16 babies who had pre-operative chest infection survived. The mean delay in diagnosis was 54 h in outborn babies and 20 h in hospital-born babies. We believe that a survival rate of 40% is easily achieved with minimum infrastructural inputs. Simple methods and practices that would vastly improve operative results have been suggested.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1994

Neodymium: YAG laser iridolenticular synechiolysis in uveitis.

Fifteen patients with "bound down" pupil or ring synechiae associated with chronic granulomatous uveitis in whom dilatation could not be obtained pharmacologically underwent iris-lens synechiolysis using relatively low energies from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Pupil size increased significantly in all of the treated eyes; visual acuity improved in 40%. Postlaser elevated intraocular pressure developed in a significant number, but there were no serious long-term complications associated with the procedure. Although acuity improved in less than half of the patients, because this laser treatment is relatively safe and offers some possibility of visual improvement, we recommend it for routine use, but only if performed by an experienced laser microsurgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Resuscitation of asphyxic newborn infants with room air or 100% oxygen.

To test the hypothesis that room air is superior to 100% oxygen when asphyxiated newborns are resuscitated, 84 neonates (birth weight > 999 g) with heart rate < 80 and/or apnea at birth were allocated to be resuscitated with either room air (n = 42) or 100% oxygen (n = 42). Serial, unblinded observations of heart rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min and Apgar scores at 1 min revealed no significant differences between the two groups. At 5 min, median (25th and 75th percentile) Apgar scores were higher in the room air than in the oxygen group [8 (7-9) versus 7 (6-8), p = 0.03]. After the initial resuscitation, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, pH, and base excess were comparable in the two groups. Assisted ventilation was necessary for 2.4 (1.5-3.4) min in the room air group and 3.0 (2.0-4.0) min in the oxygen group (p = 0.14). The median time to first breath was 1.5 (1.0-2.0) min in both the room air and oxygen groups (p = 0.59), and the time to first cry was 3.0 (2.0-4.0) min and 3.5 (2.5-5.5) min in the room air and oxygen groups, respectively (p = 0.19). Three neonates in the room air group and four in the oxygen group died in the neonatal period. At 28 d, 72 of the 77 surviving neonates were available for follow-up (36 in each group), and none had any neurologic sequelae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1993

Macular infarction after intravitreal amikacin.

A case of macular infarction after intravitreal amikacin was observed in a patient with postoperative endophthalmitis. A review of the literature revealed no previously documented case occurring after intravitreal amikacin. Suggestions to avoid such a complication in an otherwise recovered patient are discussed. Also, better alternatives to intravitreal aminoglycosides should be sought.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1992

HLA and thyroid carcinoma.

HLA typing was performed in 40 thyroid carcinoma patients. No association was found between antigens of the HLA system and papillary, follicular or medullary thyroid carcinomas. Literature reports on different HLA associations are probably due more to the small number of cases in the studies involved than to ethnic or geographic differences.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Comparative stabilities of glutaraldehyde & heat inactivated pertussis vaccine components of adsorbed DPT vaccine with different preservatives.

The stability of pertussis component (glutaraldehyde or heat inactivated pertussis vaccine) of the adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine preserved in thiomersal or benzethonium chloride was studied at 4-8 degrees C and 35 degrees C for 30 days. The potency of pertussis component of adsorbed DPT vaccine preserved with benzethonium chloride was lower than that preserved with thiomersal. After the initial loss of potency of pertussis component in the benzethonium chloride during blending, the stability of potency of pertussis component at 4-8 degrees C and 35 degrees C for 30 days was similar for vaccines preserved with either benzethonium chloride or thiomersal. The stability of both types of pertussis components inactivated with glutaraldehyde or heat was also similar at both the temperatures for 30 days.

Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine↗
PubMed1991

An autoradiography study of postoperatively labelled thyroid tissue and iodine storage.

Samples of fresh thyroid tissue obtained from 15 patients undergoing thyroid surgery were incubated with iodine 125 in culture solution to which thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) had been added and then examined by autoradiography. The radioactivity registered actively during the 90-min incubation period was primarily found in the lumina of follicles. Even morphologically similar follicles showed very heterogeneous uptake of radioiodine; small follicles often contained the highest concentrations of activity. The method applied appears to be particularly useful for answering the question as to whether and to what extent individual papillary or follicular thyroid carcinomas are able to store radioiodine. This information obtained immediately after surgery may contribute towards establishing the patient's prognosis and help in deciding on postoperative therapy and follow-up. Because of the heterogeneity of radioiodine uptake, it is mandatory to examine a representative sample of carcinoma tissue in order to obtain well-established results.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1991

Dormant metastases in medullary thyroid carcinoma. A case report.

Report on a patient in whom an extensively metastasizing medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was diagnosed at the age of 32 years. Noteworthy in her case history were watery diarrheas that had persisted for two years, suggesting that the medullary thyroid carcinoma had already existed for some time. Besides locoregional lymph node metastases, small foci of diffuse pulmonary metastases with lymphangitis carcinomatosa as well as osteoblastic skeletal metastases were present and intramammary metastases were detected later. The patient died from bilateral pleuropneumonia with empyema formation at the age of 47 years after an observation period of 15 years. During that period, no major changes in the pattern of metastatic spread were observed and one may therefore speak of "dormant" metastases in this case, although some manifestations showed increases and decreases in size.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The role of a critical care unit in an epidemic.

The role of a critical care unit in life-threatening situations is well established. The management of 52 children with acute gastroenteritis and 22 children with acute paralytic poliomyelitis as part of recent epidemics is described. The solutions to the problems in the critical care management of these 74 victims (out of a total of 6197 patients admitted during the epidemics) are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma.

Twenty-two of 251 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma suffered from or had a history of hyperthyroidism. They were hyperthyroid with a diffuse goitre (N = 4), a diffuse goitre with a cold nodule (N = 10), a multinodular goitre (N = 6), and an autonomous adenoma (N = 2). Among the 22 patients, more than one fourth had an occult thyroid carcinoma with a diameter of 1 cm or less, those with the papillary tumour types, less frequently had lymph node metastases than the total group of patients with papillary carcinomas (13.3 vs 35.6%). The clinical courses of the 22 patients resembled those of the other thyroid carcinoma patients whose age and initial findings were comparable. In 643 patients who underwent surgery for hyperthyroidism the incidence of thyroid carcinoma was 2.3%. The increase in coincidence of hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma repeatedly reported in recent years is probably ascribable primarily to extensive and improved diagnostics and not to a direct connection between hyperthyroidism and development of thyroid carcinoma. On the other hand, our findings do confirm that, even in the presence of hyperthyroidism, all thyroid nodules require careful diagnostics for exclusion of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Production of a safe, potent and immunogenic partially purified acellular pertussis vaccine using simple indigenous techniques.

Partially purified acellular pertussis vaccine was prepared from Bordetella pertussis strains 10536, 134, Tohama and 509 using simple indigenously available techniques. The Stainer-Scholte (SS) medium with methylated-beta-cyclodextrin was the most suitable for production of acellular pertussis vaccine. For preparation of the vaccine, 5 day cultures of B. pertussis grown under stationary conditions at 35 degrees C were treated twice with ammonium sulphate and prospective protective antigens were extracted. The extracts contained pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin and agglutinogens. These extracts were treated with formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde separately for detoxification of PT. The formaldehyde treatment of acellular preparations affected the potency and did not destroy the toxic effects of PT completely. Active PT was found in formaldehyde detoxified acellular pertussis vaccine (FDAPV) preparations by the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assay, the test for leucocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and the histamine sensitization (HS) test. The FDAPV preparations did not pass the mouse weight gain test (MWGT). The glutaraldehyde treatment had lesser adverse effects on potency than the formaldehyde treatment and the glutaraldehyde detoxified preparations did not show active PT by CHO cell assay, the test for LPF and the HS test. The mice tolerated high doses (up to four human doses) of GDAPV which passed the MWGT showing higher weight gains. Both FDAPV and GDAPV showed immunogenicity against agglutinogens and PT in mice. The GDAPV is a safe and potent vaccine. The total protein content of GDAPV was about 5 times lesser than that of whole cell pertussis vaccine.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗