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Biomedical subjects

S Adelman

Publications and source records attributed to S Adelman.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Prognosis of uncorrected biliary atresia: an update.

In order to provide a baseline for comparison with the results of the Kasai hepatic portoenterostomy, follow-up information was obtained for 89 infants who underwent surgical exploration alone for biliary atresia from 1956 through 1975. Of these patients, one is apparently cured, one is alive with liver failure, three are lost to follow-up and 84 are dead. The rate of apparent cure among patients with follow-up was 1.1%. The average age at death was 12 mo, the mean 10 mo. During this same period, nine patients were operated upon for neonatal biliary obstructions other than biliary atresia, and five are apparently cured. Reported apparent cure rates after the Kasai procedure or one of its variations, while not good, still compare favorably with the cure rate of unoperated patients.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1977

Echocardiographic differentiation of a cystic and a solid tumor of the heart.

A hydatid cyst in the ventricular septum was diagnosed with echocardiography in a child with abdominal echinococcosis. The finding was confirmed with cardiac catheterization, cineangiography and surgical removal and pathologic examination of the cyst. The echocardiographic features of the fluid-filled hydatid cyst are contrasted with those of solid left ventricular tumor (rhabdomyoma) in a newborn.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1977

Construct validity of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study.

Projective and semiprojective techniques are both tools and tests. A schema for assessing the validity of projective devices is proposed: (1) Primary, consisting of (a) construct validity i.e., the soundness of the techniques vis-a-vis its underlying concepts; and (b) criterion-related validity, i.e., the concordance between tool results and specified external criteria. (2) Secondary, viz., pragmatic validity, i.e., the usefulness of the instrument in applied fields. Discussion then focuses on the construct validity of the conceptually-based, semiprojective Rosenzweig P-F Study. specifically the evidence on (a) the self-consistency of its conceptual dimensions; (b) the sequential. social development of the Types and Directions of Aggression; (c) levels of behavior elicited; (d) sensitivity to scorable changes after induced frustration: and (e) physiological correlates oft he aggression categories. In each of these areas evidence exists in support of the validity of the P-F Study.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Bochdalek hernias in infants: factors determining mortality.

From 1950 through 1974, 76 infants with Bochdalek hernias have been surgically repaired. Mortality has been confined to those admitted at under 30 hr of age, and the highest mortality has been among those infants admitted within the first 8 hr of life. A recent increase in mortality is explained by the arrival of a new group of infants who arrived intubated, had large diaphragmatic defects, required postoperative ventilatory assistance, and had hypoplastic lungs at autopsy. Six infants might have benefited from an early intervention to hasten closure of their patent ductus arteriosus. Since we cannot be positive that intubation of these infants prior to arrival will not have a deleterious effect, we urge great discretion in choosing which infants to intubate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

An emergency intravenous route for the pediatric patient.

In pediatric patients, percutaneous venipuncture is preferable to cutdown, especially in inexperienced hands. The best route for maintenance fluid administration is a No. 19, No. 21 or No. 23 scalp vein needle or No. 18 or No. 20 plastic cannula placed in a superficial hand or foot vein. An incision 1 cm proximal to the medial malleolus of the tibia over the great saphenous vein is the classic pediatric cutdown. Other alternatives are brachial vein, saphenous vein distal to the medial aspect of the knee and, in extreme emergencies, the external jugular vein or cephalic vein in the arm. The cutdown technique with facilitating suggestions and possible dangers is described.

Arm↗
PubMed1976

Perception of coarticulated lip rounding.

This study investigates the perceivability of coarticulated lip rounding in French. Nine utterances containing the clusters /kstr/, /rstr/, and /rskr/ followed by one of the vowels /i/, /y/, or /u/ in all possible combinations, were truncated at 4 different points before the vowel. Test items in each of the 4 groups therefore contained different amounts of information regarding the nature of the following vowel, due to coarticulatory influences of the vowel on the preceding consonants. Subjects were asked to predict the identity of the missing vowel. Results show that when segments up to and including at least half of the final consonant of the cluster are present, subjects correctly identify the missing vowel well above chance level. Several individuals were able to identify the vowel even when presented with shorter versions of the utterances. No significant difference in performance was found between French and English subjects, nor between subjects with and without phonetic training. Pereceivability of individual features of the missing vowel is discussed. It is concluded that coarticulatory effects due to lip rounding (as well as to horizontal place of articulation) provide perceivable information at a level significantly above chance, and that this information may be used by the perceptual mechanism as an aid in speech sound identification.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Sweating on paws and palms: what is its function?

Man sweats on his palms and the soles of his feet in response to stress and exercise, but not in response to heat. Several functions have been proposed for this type of sweating: increasing friction between skin and substrate; increasing the toughness of the skin; and increasing tactile sensitivity. This study uses a comparative approach to evaluate the role of footpad sweating on increasing friction, utilizing a variety of mammals which possess sweat glands on their footpads (rat, tenrec, hyrax, and dog). We found that all of these animals sweat on their paws while running. Blocking this sweating with atropine sulfate dramatically decreased the coefficient of static friction between the paw and the tread of an inclined treadmill. A similar dose of atropine sulfate had no effect on the coefficient of static friction in a rabbit, and animal that possesses no sweat glands on its paws. We conclude that an important function of this type of sweating is to help prevent slipping between the paw and sthe substrate during running or climbing, and we postulate that the sweating observed in response to stress may play an important role in preparing an animal for fleeing from stressful situations.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Retest reliability of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study and similar semiprojective techniques.

Surveys the evidence for the reliability of the Adult, Adolescent and Children's Forms of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study. Analysis of variance and split-half methods, which assume item homogeneity and internal consistency, may be appropriate to psychometric tests, but they are not apposite to projective and semi-projective techniques. The implications of applying such criteria are critically examined, with the P-F Study as an example to demonstrate their nonapplicability. Investigations on retest (total test) reliability from the laboratory of the senior author and from those of other investigators demonstrate statistically significant consistency for the main scoring categories of the P-F, especially those relating to directions of aggression. Implications for other semiprojective techniques are expounded.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Surgical lesions of the ovary in infancy and childhood.

In 27 years, 64 patients were operated upon for ovarian lesions, 43 for tumors, 12 for nonneoplastic cysts and nine for ovarian torsion. Of all the girls in this age group who were operated upon for appendicitis, 2 percent had ovarian lesions. Of the girls referred for isosexual precocity in the last ten years, 4.7 per cent had ovarian lesions. Of the girls in this age group operated upon for malignant abdominal lesions, excluding hepatic, in the last 15 years, 10.8 per cent had ovarian tumors. Of the 11 tumors with endocrine function, four were malignant. This association is statistically significant. There were no operative deaths. There were no postoperative deaths among six patients with Stage I and II lesions. Mortality was confined to the two patients with Stage III and IV lesions. The surgical approach was designed to conserve ovarian tissue, and adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy were infrequently used.

Adolescent↗