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Biomedical subjects

S Abraham

Publications and source records attributed to S Abraham.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Bay K 8644-induced changes in the ECG pattern of the rat and their inhibition by antianginal drugs.

1. The effects of intracarotid administration of Bay K 8644 on the ECG pattern along with their reversal by antianginal drugs were investigated in anaesthetized rats. 2. Intracarotid injections of Bay K 8644 (0.5-50.0 micrograms kg-1) produced a dose-related transient increase in systemic blood pressure. 3. The pressor response was accompanied by ST segment elevation (0.5-10.0 micrograms kg-1), ST segment depression concomitant with the occurrence of arrhythmias (20.0 micrograms kg-1), or A-V block (50.0 micrograms kg-1). 4. ST segment elevation reached its maximal value within 15 s and could be observed for 30-240 s. 5. The increase in blood pressure was immediate (within 5 s) and short lasting (30-120 s). After the initial increase it returned to control levels (0.5-20.0 micrograms kg-1) or dropped below (50.0 micrograms kg-1). 6. The ST segment elevation caused by 5.0 micrograms kg-1 Bay K 8644 (submaximal dose) was blocked by antianginal drugs (e.g. nitroglycerin, nifedipine and diltiazem) and by the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor antagonist PK 11195. However, the pressor response was not blocked by any of the drugs used. 7. ST segment elevation (or depression) induced by intracarotid administration of Bay K 8644 provides a useful tool for the evaluation of potential antianginal drugs.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical abnormalities in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

We report the biochemical results in 90 women presenting to an eating disorders clinic: 61 who had bulimia, 22 with anorexia nervosa and seven unclassified. The results were compared with 30 control women. The group of women with an eating disorder had significantly higher concentrations of total CO2, calcium, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin and cholesterol and significantly lower concentrations of potassium, chloride and phosphate in the plasma. The elevated calcium could be accounted for in part by an increase in total CO2 and an increase in albumin. Hypokalaemia was strongly associated with self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse. Biochemical abnormalities occurred in both forms of eating disorders; however, hypercholesterolaemia was more common in anorexia nervosa and abnormal liver enzymes were more common in bulimia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The characteristics, perceptions and personalities of women seeking a reversal of their tubal sterilization.

The characteristics, perceptions and personalities of women who had sought a reversal of a tubal sterilization procedure and those who had not were studied. Women were more likely to request reversal of a tubal sterilization if they were less than 30 years old at the time of the operation or if they had changed their marital status since sterilization. Women who had undergone a tubal sterilization and later sought a reversal stated that at the time of the procedure they did not believe that their family was complete; they had not had sufficient time to consider the implications of undergoing a tubal sterilization; they felt that they had been "pressured" by their partner to be sterilized; and they perceived the potential to have a child as important, even if they did not wish for further children. Women who had had a tubal sterilization performed within a few days of childbirth for "health or medical reasons" and sought a reversal no longer believed that the reasons were valid. In spite of the inclusion of women who had changed their minds about tubal sterilization, no differences were detected in psychometric measures of personality and mental health between our groups. The findings of the survey confirm that a woman should make up her own mind whether or not to undergo a tubal sterilization, and the operation should not be available "on demand". Ways of overcoming the problem are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The infant's eustachian tube lumen: the pharyngeal part.

A study of Eustachian tube measurements in infants and children is presented. The study included 33 Eustachian tubes from normal temporal bones and 10 Eustachian tubes from temporal bones harbouring acute otitis media. The temporal bones underwent histologic serial sectioning. The lumen of the Eustachian tube's first portion, i.e. the pharyngeal part, was measured with the aid of a grid mounted on a microscope. These measurements show: A. The Eustachian tube lumen grows and enlarges to a small extent with age. B. Each age group presents a considerable variation in the range of area of the lumen comparable with the natural biological distribution. C. No statistical difference was found between the size of the pharyngeal portion of the lumen of the Eustachian tube from temporal bones which had acute otitis media and those coming from non-pathological ears. This comparison took into consideration age and physiological distribution. These findings are similar to our earlier findings regarding the isthmic region.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Mefenamic acid in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

The use of mefenamic acid in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was investigated in 15 women over six menstrual cycles. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled design was used to overcome the methodologic criticisms of other medication trials in this condition. Mefenamic acid significantly improved many of the physical, mood, and performance symptoms associated with PMS. The physical symptoms that showed marked improvement were fatigue, headache, and general aches and pains (P less than .001). Most mood symptoms were improved, the most significant being freedom from mood swings (P less than .005).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of dietary fat on mammary development relative to age and hormones in BALB/c mice.

Earlier studies reported that mammary ducts grew faster if the 10% fat in the diet was composed of oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (corn oil: CO) compared to hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO), which is devoid of such fatty acids. These experiments were primarily carried out in immature mice and left unanswered questions regarding the effects of dietary fats on more differentiated stages of mammary development. The use of transplanted ducts permitted the study of mammary growth rates in adult mice. If the diet was started when the animals were adults, there was no difference in the growth rate of those fed HCTO diet compared to those fed CO diet. However, when the diets were fed to immature mice, the mammary gland grew slower in mice fed the HCTO diet, confirming our earlier observations. The HCTO and CO diets caused no difference in the growth rate or morphology of fine ducts and alveoli that developed during pregnancy. Furthermore, no differences were seen in female mice following 6 weeks of progesterone administration begun at 3 weeks of age. Experiments that used male mice to examine the initial stages of mammary duct growth also showed that the effect of dietary fat was not observed when estrogen (E) or E and progesterone (P) were injected. In addition, there was no effect of dietary fat in ovariectomized 3-week-old females when any dose of E was administered from 0.01 to 1 microgram/day. Examination of the ovaries from mice fed either HCTO or CO diets from 3 to 9 weeks or 3 to 13 weeks of age showed that mice fed HCTO diet did not develop corpora lutea, while those fed CO diet had normal appearing ovaries. The HCTO diet inhibits normal maturation of the follicle and corpus luteum formation. We conclude that the effect of the dietary fat on the developing mouse is on the maturation of the ovary and subsequently on mammary growth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Lipid metabolism and enzyme activities in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent mammary adenocarcinoma in GR mice.

Lipid metabolism in hormone-dependent (HD) GR mouse mammary tumors was compared to that in hormone-independent (HI) tumors and normal mammary tissues. HD tumors, like normal mammary tissue but unlike HI tumors, synthesized medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCFA). However, when treated with hormones (estrone and progesterone), the HI tumors were induced to produce MCFA. The activity of thioesterase II correlated positively with the synthesis of MCFA and was influenced by the hormones administered. The activities of NADP+-linked malate dehydrogenase, citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthetase, although lower in tumors than in normal glands, were not different in HD as compared to HI tumors. Whereas the predominating lipids synthesized in normal glands were triglycerides, phospholipids comprised about half of the lipid synthesized in the tumors, with no difference between HD and HI tumors. The conversion of D-[U-14C]glucose to 14CO2 was higher in HD tumors than in HI tumors but increased in HI tumors treated with hormones in vivo. By a comparison of the 14CO2 produced from D-[1-14C]glucose and from D-[6-14C]glucose in the presence and absence of an electron acceptor (methylene blue), it was demonstrated that regeneration of NADP+ from NADPH was a rate-limiting step for the pentose phosphate pathway in the tumors. Hence, while differences in the lipid metabolism can be demonstrated between HD and HI GR mouse mammary tumors, some of the changes are due to the hormone treatment rather than to a specific alteration in the tumor itself.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Effect of dietary menhaden oil on tumor cell loss and the accumulation of mass of a transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice.

A reduction in the size of transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma IX was achieved when female BALB/c mice were fed isocaloric 10% fat diets containing either hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO) or menhaden oil (MO) as opposed to those mice fed corn oil (CO). Indeed, CO increased the size of the neoplasms when fed alone at 5 or 1% of the diet, although such diets contained less fat calories than did the 10% fat diets containing the other two oils. At the 10% level of dietary fat, enhanced accumulation of tumor mass was observed even when 7.5, 5.0, and 2.5% CO was administered in combination with either HCTO or MO. Although this effect of CO could not be inhibited when nine times as much HCTO was added to the diet, such growth enhancement was abolished when the diet contained nine times as much MO. Hence these experiments emphasized the importance of the type rather than the amount of dietary fat. Whereas MO contained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's) [approximately 1% as linoleic acid, approximately 16% as 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), approximately 11% as 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], HCTO contained none and CO had about 60% of its constituent fatty acids in the form of linoleic acid. The rate of tumor cell loss, determined by the [125I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine method, in the 10% MO-fed or the 10% HCTO-fed mice (54 or 45%, respectively) was more than twice that observed for tumors from the 10% CO-fed mice (22%). These observations were discussed in terms of the influence of the dietary PUFA linoleic acid [C 18:2 (No. of carbons:No. of double bonds), n-6], the PUFA EPA (C 20:5, n-3), and the PUFA DHA (C 22:6, n-3) on the size of mammary tumors and on the involvement of prostaglandins in this process.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Menstruation, menstrual protection and menstrual cycle problems. The knowledge, attitudes and practices of young Australian women.

The results of a survey of 1377 young Australian women aged 14 to 19 years, conducted to determine their attitudes, state of knowledge and practices with regard to menstruation, are presented. The young women, as a group, lacked sufficient information about menstruation, about the time of ovulation, about menstrual discharge, and about the use of tampons. A high proportion (80%) considered menstruation to be inconvenient or embarrassing. Certain measures aimed at remedial action are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Caliber of the lumen of the eustachian tube pre-isthmus in infants and children.

We measured the eustachian tubes in temporal bones taken from infants and children. These specimens included eustachian tubes from 35 normal temporal bones and 13 temporal bones containing acute and secretory otitis media. All temporal bones were serially sectioned for histological studies. The lumen of the third portion of each eustachian tube (i.e., the pre-isthmus or the physiological isthmus) was measured with the aid of a grid mounted on a microscope. These measurements showed: (1) the eustachian tube lumen grows and enlarges to a small degree with age; (2) each age group has a considerable variation in the size of the lumen which is compatible with natural biological distribution; (3) no statistical differences were found in the size of the pre-isthmus lumina of those eustachian tubes from temporal bones showing acute or secretory otitis media when compared with the lumina of eustachian tubes in non-pathological ears.

Ear, Middle↗
PubMed1985

The infant eustachian tube lumen--pharyngeal part.

A study of Eustachian tube measurement in infants and children is presented. The study included 33 Eustachian tubes from normal temporal bones and 10 Eustachian tubes from temporal bones harboring acute otitis media. The temporal bones underwent histologic serial sectioning. The lumen of the first portion of the Eustachian tubes, i.e., the pharyngeal part, was measured with the aid of a grid mounted on a microscope. These measurements show: A) the Eustachian tube lumen grows and enlarges to a small degree with age; B) each age group presents a considerable variation in the range of the area of the lumen compatible with natural biological distribution; C) no statistical difference was found in the size of the pharyngeal portion of the lumen of the Eustachian tube from temporal bones which have acute otitis media when compared with lumens of the pharyngeal portion of Eustachian tubes coming from non-pathological ears.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Effect of dietary fat on growth kinetics of transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice.

The growth of mammary adenocarcinomas in BALB/c mice fed a diet containing 10% corn oil (CO), which has about 60% of its fatty acids as linoleate, was significantly greater than that for tumors in mice fed diets containing either 10% hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO), which has no linoleate, or 10% CO plus 0.003% indomethacin (IM). The proportion of the tumor occupied by the various cell types was quantitated from histologic sections for 2 different mammary adenocarcinomas. At 2 weeks post implantation the degree of inflammatory cell (IC) infiltration of the first adenocarcinoma (tumor IX) did not account for the difference in tumor mass induced by dietary fat. This conclusion was confirmed by a study of a group of tumors arising from hyperplastic alveolar nodule transplants, which showed a similar dietary response but in which IC infiltration was minimal even in the largest tumors. Cell cycle parameters of tumor IX were determined by the fraction-of-labeled-mitoses (FLM) procedure. No differences were found in the duration of the G1, S, G2, or M phases of the cell cycle or the total cell cycle time in neoplasms from the CO and HCTO diet groups. The fraction of tumor cells dividing in neoplasms from the 2 diet groups was also identical. The only parameter that was significantly different was the rate of tumor cell loss when determined by both indirect (FLM) and direct [( 125I]iododeoxyuridine) methods. Tumor cell loss for adenocarcinomas from mice fed HCTO or CO plus IM was approximately twice that obtained for tumors from the CO-fed mice. These observations on tumor cell loss were discussed in terms of: the influence of dietary linoleate on the size of mammary tumors and the involvement of prostaglandins in this process.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

The effect of prolonged fasting on total lipid synthesis and enzyme activities in the liver of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

The extent of fatty acid synthesis from [1-14C]acetate in liver slices was reduced 6-fold when eels were fasted for 1-7 weeks and 20-fold when fasted for 39 weeks; thereafter hepatic lipogenesis seemed to remain constant for up to 95 weeks of fasting. After a 1-3 week fast some hepatic enzyme activities were reduced (acetyl-CoA carboxylase decreased 2-fold and fatty acid synthetase declined 5-fold), while others remained unchanged (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase as well as malic enzyme and ATP-citrate lyase). The optimum temperature for measuring both total lipid synthesis and lipogenic enzyme activity in eel liver was found to be 30 degrees C.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗