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Biomedical subjects

S A Smoyak

Publications and source records attributed to S A Smoyak.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

How visible are we?

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Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2001

A new day.

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Global Health↗
PubMed2000

Ways of knowing.

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

The history, economics, and financing of mental health care. Part 3: The present.

1. Health care system changes, particularly the managed care plans, are altering mental health practices in significant ways. The autonomy and independent judgment of clinicians are being limited. 2. Market expansion created child and adolescent hospitals in the private sector. This market was very favorable to growth because of the great ambiguity in diagnosis and treatment, and the nonexistence of commitment laws for this population. 3. While insurance coverage for psychiatric diagnoses has expanded, more affluent people, with good employment possibilities, still have better insurance than poor individuals.

Hospitalization↗
PubMed2000

Where's the line?

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Ethics, Professional↗
PubMed2000

The history, economics, and financing of mental health care. Part 1: 17th to 19th centuries.

Families in colonial times cared for their mentally ill members at home, with little assistance from their communities. Community treatment is an old idea, not a new one. Early laws about containing the disturbances created by individuals with mental illness made no mention of clinical dimensions. The focus was strictly on the social and economic consequences of the mental disorders. Legislation about public mental hospitals in the mid-19th century was hardly enlightened. There were no particular plans, other than not to expend more dollars than actually necessary.

History, 17th Century↗
PubMed2000

The history, economics, and financing of mental health care. Part 2: The 20th century.

1. To understand how mental health nursing practice was affected by the financing and policy changes occurring rapidly in the second part of the 20th century, sources can only be found in the literature in psychiatry, the social sciences, and economics. There was no psychiatric nursing journal until the 1950s, and no article by a nurse in the general nursing literature about finances. 2. Deinstitutionalization was really transinstitutionalization. Changes in regulations in Medicaid allowed the shifting of mentally ill people who were older than age 65 to nursing homes. 3. Community mental health centers never developed programs to serve people who were seriously mentally ill. Rather than serving clients who were psychotic, the community mental health centers marketed their treatment programs to people with anxieties, who were undergoing divorce, or who had mildly troubled children.

Health Care Rationing↗