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Biomedical subjects

S A Salawu

Publications and source records attributed to S A Salawu.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

The surgical management of severely displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus in childhood.

A total of 28 children with severely displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus were operated between January 1997 and December 2001 using the posterior approach raising a tongue of triceps and stabilisation of the fractures with two crossed Kirschner wires. All the supracondylar humeral fractures were extension type. The mean age was 6.9 years with male/female ratio 1.5:1. Fall at home accounted for 85.7% of the cases while 67.9% presented with injury to the left elbow. In 92.9% of the children the triceps muscle power was grade 5, 71.4% could flex the elbow joint beyond 120 angle and only 10.7% had 15 degrees of extension lag at the elbow joint at six months. All had within normal carrying angle with 64.3% having carrying angle between 0 degrees - 10 degrees. The scar was cosmetically acceptable in 27 patients (96.4% ) at six-months.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Normal values of knee angle, intercondylar and intermalleolar distances in Nigerian children.

There is little data on the range of variation of knee angle, intermalleolar and intercondylar distances in African children. Such measurements are needed to assist determining whether a child legs are normal or not. Knee angle intermalleolar and intercondylar distances were measured in 2166 Nigerian children aged one year to 10 years to establish normal values for these measurements. In the study we discovered that knees were maximally bowed at ages 1-3 years and reduced to neutral of 0 degrees at age five (5 years) in girls and age seven (7) in boys. Both sexes had no bowing after age (7 years) in boys. Both sexes had no bowing after age of 7 years. The valgus angle was found to be constant at about 11 degrees between ages 1-10 years in both sexes. Mean intercondylar distance was 0.2 cm at 1 year of age and did not vary significantly at 10 years of age. The greatest intermalleolar distances of 2.5 cm and 2.2 cm were noted between the ages of 2 and 4 years. Normograms of these measurements are presented as diagnostic aids in clinical settings.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2003

Management of open tibia fracture--Anderson and Hutchins technique re-visited.

Prior to September 1995, most open tibia fractures seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan had hitherto been managed by the application of plaster-of-Paris after limited wound debridement. The outcome of this form of treatment was found, from the outpatient clinic follow-up records, to be associated with a high rate of complications including chronic osteomyelitis and joint stiffness. In most hospitals in the developed and developing countries, majority of these injuries are best managed by the use of various types of external fixators. However, these external fixator devices are by no means cheap and often times most patients in our environment are unable to afford them since the country operates a health care system where the patients are solely responsible for their health care needs. In this study, the Anderson and Hutchins technique (Steinmann's pins threaded through bone and incorporated in plaster-of-Paris) was used in the management of thirty-four open tibia fractures between September 1995 and August 1999. Seventy-nine percent of these were severe or Type III open fractures. The time to radiological union was 21 weeks and pin tract infection occurred in 15 percent of the patients, mainly in the proximal (tibia) pins. The use of a single stout proximal (tibia) transfixing Steinmann's pin was found to offer a stable fixation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The choice of antibiotic in open fractures in a teaching hospital in a developing country.

Open fracture wounds may be contaminated, and the use of an appropriate antibiotic in the early stages of management reduces the risk of osteomyelitis developing. Environmental factors influence both the type of micro-organisms that are isolated from these wounds and the antibiotics that are chosen to manage the wounds. Before this study, the choice of antibiotic in the management of open fractures in our hospital was based on tradition and 'best guess' antibiotics. In a prospective study of 52 open fractures seen in the accident and emergency unit of University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January and June 2000, the positive bacterial culture yield was more than 70%. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest microbial isolate, accounting for 37.5% of total isolates. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern revealed high efficacies for pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone against the isolated micro-organisms. In comparative costs, these antibiotics are cheaper than the combination of the 'best guess' antibiotics that were used previously. On the strength of this finding, we have suggested a change in the antibiotic policy of the hospital with regard to the antibiotic regimen to be used to complement the surgical management of open fractures.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Major limb amputation in Ibadan.

A prospective study of patients who had major limb amputation at the University College Hospital Ibadan over a 5-year period is presented. One hundred and one major limb amputations were performed within this period (71 Males, 30 Females, M:F = 2.3:1). Trauma accounted for 48% of the cases followed by diabetes in 26%, soft tissue infection in 13% and tumours also in 13%. The major post-op complication was wound infection. In accordance with the findings in other centers, a higher proportion of the amputations (69%) were carried out in the lower limbs. Patient's refusal to accept amputation resulted in a delay in amputation in 49 patients. This delay (before surgery) ranged from 1 day to 150 days, with a mean of 15.49 (SD 9.V). From this study, we found that a reduction in vehicular accidents and increasing emphasis on efficient foot care (and glycaemic control) in the diabetic may significantly reduce the rate of amputations in our environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Heteropagus: a case report.

A rare case of heteropagus is reported. An apparently normal female neonate presented with a mass in the lumbosacral area which bore an additional limb, a pair of breasts with nipples and aerola, and an anus with a blind pouch. The mass with the appendages was successfully removed by surgery and the baby is progressing normally.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haematoma block in reduction of distal radial fractures.

A total of 35 patients who presented in the Accident and Emergency Department of University College Hospital with displaced distal radial fracture between January 2000 and March 2001 had reduction of the fracture under haematoma block using 10ml of 2% lignocaine. There was significant reduction of the pain following infiltration of the fracture site with lignocaine and significant pain reduction during manipulation compared to pain score at presentation. All the patients had satisfactory reduction of the fracture. The fracture was mobilised in Plaster of Paris 6 weeks in patients with Collens' fracture and 3 weeks in patients with distal radial epiphyseal injury. All patients had good range of movement at 8 weeks after removal of Plaster of Paris and patients expressed satisfaction with this method. We recommend the use of Haematoma block for patients of 15 years and above with displaced distal radial fracture in the Accident and Emergency Department.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microbial isolates in open fractures seen in the accident and emergency unit of a teaching hospital in a developing country.

In this prospective study, superficial and deep swabs of all open fractures seen at the accident and emergency unit of our hospital between January and June 2000 were taken (before wound debridement was done or anitibiotics commenced). Routine microscopy, culture and sensitivities for aerobic and anaerobic organisms were carried out on these specimens. The organisms were cultured and identified using standard techniques and the antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method of Stokes. Within six hours of injury, single-organism isolates were commonly found whilst after 48 hours a mixed or poly-microbial organism load were isolated. In 90% of the positive isolates, the organisms isolated form the superficial and the deep swabs were the same. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all the isolates shows that pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were more effective compared to cefuroxime and amoxycillin which had substantial resistance to most of the isolates. 41 fractures were followed to union and 4 (9.7%) developed osteomyelitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Domiciliary treatment of femoral shaft fracture in children.

A total of 20 children presenting in Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria with femoral shaft fracture treated with straight leg fixed traction in a domiciliary setting is presented. The male:female ratio is 3.2 with fall accounting for 65% of the cases. There was satisfactory correction of overriding and angular deformity following the application of the fixed traction in all the patients. There was good Callus formation at six weeks with no vascular, neurological or soft tissue complication.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous pubic symphysial diastasis following vaginal delivery.

Public symphysis diastasis is an uncommon condition which is caused mostly by severe trauma like road traffic accidents and fall from heights. We present cases of pubic symphysis diastasis following spontaneous vaginal delivery. This is to reiterate the fact that this type of public symphysis diastasis is different from other types of traumatic pubic symphysis diastasis and can be managed successfully with absolute bed rest.

Adult↗