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Biomedical subjects

S A Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to S A Pedersen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of growth hormone on body composition in adults.

GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults has recently been shown to increase (normalize) muscle volume and decrease adipose tissue volume as measured by means of CT scan and skinfold thickness. Also in adults with acquired GH deficiency in adulthood, GH replacement has been shown to significantly influence body composition with an increase in lean body mass and a reduction in skinfold thickness. Preliminary results from an open long-term trial indicate that 12 months of GH substitution result in a further normalization of the muscle/fat ratio. The fluid-retaining effect, with a significant increase in extracellular-fluid volume demonstrated during GH administration to normal subjects, seems to be of little clinical importance if a replacement dose around 2 IU/m2/day is chosen for young GH-deficient adults. Long-term trials are needed to finally establish the indication of GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Cholecystokinin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide in relation to gallbladder dynamics and gastrointestinal interdigestive motility.

Using a combined technique of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gastrointestinal motility recordings, the changes in blood concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied in relation to gastrointestinal motility and gallbladder dynamics in the interdigestive state in 7 healthy male volunteers. No changes in CCK concentration were found in relation to the migrating motor complex (MMC). In 3 subjects a slightly but insignificant elevated secretin level was seen during phase I of the MMC, otherwise no changes were observed. More pronounced fluctuations in PP appeared with significantly higher values during phase III compared to phase II. Values of concentrations of CCK, secretin and PP in periods with gallbladder filling were not significantly different from the values in periods of emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of growth hormone (GH) on plasma bone Gla protein in GH-deficient adults.

Both deficiency and excess of GH are related to disturbances in calcium metabolism. Bone Gla protein (BGP) is the only specific marker of bone turnover identified in peripheral blood. We, therefore, determined plasma BGP in 21 adult GH-deficient patients treated with biosynthetic human GH in a double blind cross-over study. We also examined 9 patients with acromegaly before and after surgery. The GH-deficient patients had normal initial plasma BGP concentrations, whereas the acromegalic patients had highly significantly increased concentrations (P less than 0.001). During treatment with human GH, plasma BGP (and other nonspecific biochemical markers of bone turnover) increased significantly (P less than 0.001). During placebo treatment plasma BGP showed baseline values. In the acromegalic patients a significant decrease in plasma BGP concentrations was seen 1 week after surgery. The present study suggests that plasma BGP is a useful biochemical marker of the effect of treatment of both GH deficiency and GH excess/disorders.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1990

Growth hormone (GH) therapy in GH-deficient patients, the plasma factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex, and capillary fragility. A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.

It has been suggested that growth hormone (GH) plays a role in the regulation of Factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex and other parameters associated with haemostasis and vascular integrity. However, limited information is available on these features in GH-deficient patients. We therefore examined, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, the effects of 4 months' replacement therapy with biosynthetic human GH in 22 GH-deficient adults on circulating haemostatic parameters and capillary fragility. A non-significant increase in the plasma levels of von Willebrand factor antigen (p = 0.09), Factor VIII antigen (p = 0.6), fibrinogen (p = 0.4) and fibronectin (p = 0.2) was observed at the end of the GH treatment period along with a non-significant decrease in tissue-type plasminogen activator (p = 0.2). Capillary fragility tended to decrease during GH therapy (p = 0.2). All variables remained within the reference range following both the placebo and the GH treatment period. It is concluded that GH-deficient patients display normal levels of the haemostasis parameters recorded, and that 4 months of GH therapy in a conventional replacement dose does not significantly affect these values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The influence of induced hyperglycaemia on gastric emptying rate in healthy humans.

The effect on gastric emptying rate (GER) of elevated plasma glucose was investigated in eight healthy non-diabetics. They received intravenous infusions of 1000 ml 10% glucose (555 mmol, 1720 kJ) in 2 h: one-half before and the rest during the measure of GER. A control group was established with infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride and in a third group the GER was measured twice without infusion. GER was measured after 6 h of fasting, and following ingestion of a 100 g omelette (1400 kJ) tagged with 40 MBq 99mTc-sulphur colloid and 150 ml water with 8 MBq 111In-DPTA. Anterior and posterior recordings were made on gamma camera every 10th min during 1 h. Time-activity curves from the gastric area were generated for solid and liquid phases, respectively, using geometric means. The GER of solids was delayed, at least partly, by prolongation of the lag phase, and the GER of liquids was delayed following the intravenous infusion of glucose. The GER of solids was delayed following hypertonic saline infusion but not to the same extent as followed glucose in spite of the double osmotic load of saline. The percentage delay of GER of solids following glucose infusion was related to the increase in plasma glucose.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The Cohen syndrome. Retinal lesions and granulocytopenia.

A patient with the Cohen syndrome is described and the literature is reviewed. Electroretinography (ERG) showed that the patient had a tapeto-retinal degeneration. The authors believe that a retinitis pigmentosa-like phenotype is an obligatory sign in patients with the Cohen syndrome. Assessment of a tapeto-retinal dystrophy by electroretinography, however, is often not available for mentally retarded persons. The authors' patient also had granulocytopenia. This was previously described in Finnish patients with Cohen's syndrome. They speculate that this sign is more prevalent in the disorder than would appear from the literature. Alternatively, there may be a type I Cohen syndrome with granulocytopenia and a type II without.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment in GH-deficient adults.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study on the effects of 4 months' growth hormone (GH) treatment was carried out in 22 GH-deficient adults (8 women, 14 men; mean [SEM] age 23.8 [1.2] years). 1 patient was withdrawn because of oedema. Mean total body weight of the other 21 did not change, whereas mean muscle volume of the thigh, estimated by computerised tomography (CT), was significantly higher after GH than after placebo (70.0 [3.7] vs 66.3 [3.1] ml/0.8 cm cross-sectional slice). The mean adipose tissue volume of the thigh and subscapular skinfold thickness fell significantly during GH treatment. Growth hormone caused a small increase in the isometric strength of the quadriceps muscles and a significant rise in exercise capacity (60.8 [7.2] vs 54.2 [6.6] kJ). The heart rate both at rest and after maximum exercise was low during the placebo period and increased significantly during GH treatment. Blood pressure and echocardiographic wall mass of the left ventricle did not change during the study. Growth hormone increased both mean glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow from a subnormal level on placebo to a level comparable with that of an age-matched control group. The filtration fraction did not change. Urinary albumin excretion was in the low normal range and was not affected by GH treatment. Finally, GH treatment normalised mean circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which were low after the placebo period (96 [9] micrograms/l placebo; 224 [28] micrograms/l GH). These findings suggest that GH, in a conventional replacement dose, has several potentially beneficial effects in GH-deficient adults and therefore encourage future long-term trials.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

[Congenital laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft].

A typical case of congenital laryngo-trachea-esophageal cleft (LTEC) is presented with a Review of the literature. LTEC is a rare congenital anomaly caused by defective fusion of the septum between larynx/trachea and hypopharynx/esophagus. The septum is formed by fusion of two lateral folds growing medially in very early foetal life. Fusion progresses in a cranial direction. Disturbances in septum formation result in LTEC. The disease gives respiratory problems with aspiration and excessive salivary production. The diagnosis is best made by intubating the larynx and examining the postcricoid region and anterior wall of the esophagus endoscopically. Stapling of the stomach, tracheostomy and secondary operative closure of the cleft has proved effective in the treatment of LTEC.

Esophagostomy↗
PubMed1989

Congenital bilateral eventration of the diaphragm in a pair of male twins.

We present a case of congenital bilateral eventration of the diaphragm in a pair of male twins. The case is associated with severe pulmonary hypoplasia. Both infants died in the neonatal period. An exposure to Thiotepa in the first trimester of the pregnancy is a possible etiologic factor.

Diaphragmatic Eventration↗
PubMed1989

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole on characteristics of the migrating motor complex in healthy volunteers.

The aim of the study was to investigate a possible effect of omeprazole on the characteristics of the migrating motor complex. The study was performed as a double-blind crossover study and the pressure recordings were performed after 3 days of treatment with placebo or omeprazole 40 mg o.m. The calculations were based on 5 h of recording in each subject and in both investigations. There were two characteristics in the omeprazole group which were significantly different from placebo. Firstly, duodenal phase III was more often accompanied by an antral phase III and secondly, the duration of duodenal phase III was increased. The results suggest that the rapid cleaning mechanism, represented by phase III activity, is more pronounced after omeprazole treatment, possibly arising from its antisecretory effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of growth hormone therapy on thyroid function of growth hormone-deficient adults with and without concomitant thyroxine-substituted central hypothyroidism.

Administration of human GH to GH-deficient patients has yielded conflicting results concerning its impact on thyroid function, ranging from increased resting metabolic rate to induction of hypothyroidism. However, most studies have been casuistic or uncontrolled and have used pituitary-derived GH of varying purity, often contaminated with TSH. Therefore, we conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of the effect of 4 months of biosynthetic human GH therapy (Norditropin; 2 IU/m2.day) on thyroid function in GH-deficient adults (8 females and 14 males; mean +/- SE age, 23.8 +/- 1.2 yr). One group (I) was euthyroid without T4 substitution (n = 13), whereas the other (group II) received T4 (n = 9). Serum T4 (nanomoles per L) decreased in both groups after GH treatment [group I, 100 +/- 8 (mean +/- SE) vs. 89 +/- 8 (P less than 0.01); group II, 145 +/- 18 vs. 115 +/- 10 (P less than 0.05)]. Conversely, GH treatment caused an increase in serum T3 (nanomoles per L) in both groups [group I, 1.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.1); group II, 1.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05)]. Similar changes were seen in serum free T4 and T3. The serum T3 level during the placebo period of group I was significantly lower than that in an age-matched reference group (P less than 0.02). Serum rT3 (nanomoles per L) was low in group I and decreased significantly, as in group II, after GH treatment [group I, 0.26 +/- 0.02 (placebo) vs. 0.20 +/- 0.02 (GH; P less than 0.01); group II, 0.38 +/- 0.05 (placebo) vs. 0.29 +/- 0.02 (GH; P less than 0.01)]. Serum TSH decreased in both groups during GH therapy, though not significantly. Serum thyroglobulin was unaltered and did not differ from that in the reference group. In conclusion, our data are consistent with a GH-induced enhancement of peripheral deiodination of T4 to T3. GH thus seems to play an important role, either directly or indirectly, in the regulation of peripheral T4 metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postprandial gallbladder filling: relation to gastrointestinal motility.

A technique of combined hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gastrointestinal motility recordings was used to study the relationship between gallbladder dynamics and gastrointestinal motility recordings in the postprandial state in eight healthy male volunteers. In all, a fed-like motility pattern was observed after ingestion of a standard meal, and all activity from the HIDA-scintigraphy was diverted to the duodenum. Gallbladder radioactivity on the scintigram was not seen until 145-249 (median, 180) min after ingestion, except for two cases in which an early and transient activity was seen. Together with increasing gallbladder radioactivity characteristic changes in duodenal motility occurred. In five subjects a decrease in motility index was encountered with a motility curve resembling phase I of the interdigestive migrating motor complex. In one subject it was associated with the appearance of a phase-III complex, and in two subjects it occurred without any changes in motility index.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gastric emptying in adults treated for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

The gastric emptying rate was scintigraphically determined in 6 women and 26 men who had undergone medical or surgical treatment for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis a median of 29 years previously. Dyspeptic complaints were reported by four of the seven medically treated and nine of the 25 surgically treated group. No intergroup difference was demonstrated in the gastric emptying rate of liquid or solid food, and neither group differed significantly from the normal values. The gastric emptying rate, measured as in this study, thus was uninfluenced by treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Early growth delay in diabetic pregnancy: relation to psychomotor development at age 4.

Ninety nine consecutive insulin dependent and 101 non-diabetic pregnant women were examined by ultrasonograph to assess early fetal growth. In 42 of the diabetic mothers and three of the non-diabetic mothers the scan showed early intrauterine growth delay. At 4-5 years of age all children available for study were evaluated by the Denver developmental screening test. Only 23 of the 34 children of diabetic mothers with early intrauterine growth delay had normal test scores compared with 46 of the 50 children of diabetic mothers with normal intrauterine growth. The children failed in personal-social development, gross motor development, and particularly in language and speech development. Children of diabetic mothers with normal early fetal growth had scores very similar to those of the children of non-diabetic mothers, of whom 76 of the 86 tested had normal scores. This study suggests that children with a history of growth delay in early diabetic pregnancy should be screened for possible developmental impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Omeprazole and ranitidine in treatment of reflux oesophagitis: double blind comparative trial.

One hundred and sixty two patients with endoscopically proved reflux oesophagitis stratified for severity, 66 with grade 1 disease (erythema and friability) and 96 with grade 2 or 3 disease (including erosions or ulcerations), were allocated at random to double blind treatment with omeprazole 40 mg in the morning or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily for up to 12 weeks. A patient could be evaluated sooner if symptomatic relief and endoscopically normal mucosa (grade 0) were noted after four to eight weeks' treatment. Patients treated with omeprazole responded significantly more rapidly than those treated with ranitidine (p less than 0.0001), cumulative healing rates at four, eight, and 12 weeks being 90%, 100%, and 100% respectively for those with grade 1 disease and 70%, 85%, and 91% respectively for those with grade 2 or 3 disease in the omeprazole group. Corresponding rates in the ranitidine group were 55%, 79%, and 88% (grade 1) and 26%, 44%, and 54% (grade 2 or 3). Relief of the major symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia and improvements in the histological appearance of the mucosa occurred earlier and were again more pronounced during treatment with omeprazole than with ranitidine. This observed superiority of omeprazole 40 mg in the morning over ranitidine 150 mg twice daily in the short term treatment of reflux oesophagitis was obtained without major clinical or biochemical side effects, but further research is needed into longer term use of omeprazole and the effects of the acid inhibition it induces.

Adolescent↗