Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S A Likhachev.
The vestibulo-oculomotor response, i.e. the cervicoocular reflex (COR), to the stimulation of cervical proprioceptors by torso turns relative to the motionless head was studied in 15 human subjects under the conditions of labyrinthine and ocular differentiation. The COR coefficient of gain and phase shift were measured.
The vestibular-cervical-ocular reflex (VCOR) results from interaction of the labyrinthine and cervical proprioceptive afferent flows. VCOR study was performed in 20 healthy test subjects. Analyzed were the coefficient of reactivity, VCOR phase shift, coefficient of COR involvement, and the coefficient of VOR-VCOR asymmetry. Functional dependence of cervical proprioceptive and vestibular afferentation in the healthy test subjects was demonstrated.
The results of the observation of 44 patients with cerebellar syndrome of different etiology are presented. Together with careful study of anamnestic and clinical data some additional examinations were performed: senso- and pallesthesiometry, thermovisional investigation, vestibulometry, electroencephalo-, electromyography, computer tomography. The study allowed to reveal both the cause of the disease and to refer etiologically late cerebellar cortical ataxia to alcohol factor. On the basis of the comparison of clinical neurological data with paraclinical observation differential diagnostic criteria were defined for Marie-Foix-Alajouanine's late cortical cerebellar atrophy in alcoholism, in the cases of the hereditary predisposition as well as of unclear genesis, in Holmes olivocerebellar atrophy, in Menzel, Hunt and Déjérine-Thomas olivopontocerebellar degeneration.
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The authors analyze literary and own findings on complications of manual therapy. The causes and clinical picture of possible complications are discussed. An original classification of complications due to manual therapy of cervical spine disorders is presented.
The authors have analyzed the anamnestic, clinical and laboratory data in 44 patients with Parsonage-Turner syndrome. Two forms of the disease were distinguished: radicular ischemia of vascular genesis, and the local form of infectious allergic polyradiculoneuritis associated with injury to the shoulder girdle of infectious genesis.
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A case of opsoclonus, myoclonic hyperkinesis of the eyes, is described. The causes of the occurrence of such a rare phenomenon are analyzed. A hypothesis is advanced, according to which in the mechanism of oculomotor abnormalities, of great importance are anatomic formations in the oral parts of the brain stem.
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In 57 patients with various forms of neurological manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis the authors examined the suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by asking the patients to fix their gaze on the object moving together with the armchair. Under normal conditions VOR suppression was complete. In unilateral involvement of the peripheral portion of the vestibular system VOR were not suppressed if the patient was moving according to a sinusoidal programme with the armchair rotating at a speed of 60 degrees/s in the direction of the healthy labyrinth. Patients with dysfunction of the brain stem-cerebellum portions of the vestibular system showed impairment of VOR suppression when they were rotated into both sides.
Hyperventilation has been employed in the examination of 36 patients with brain stem injuries of various origin in order to identify and record nystagmus. The use of this method has increased the rate of visualization of the abnormality.
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This work is dedicated to the study of anatomo-physiological peculiarities of the construction and cerebrovascular circulation of the vestibulo-ocular formations of the brain stem of the human cerebrum. The analysis of anatomo-physiological data enable to convince that the arches of the vertical and horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflexes include many structures of the brain stem of the human cerebrum, which are located along its longitude from the superior colliculi to caudal sections of brain stem. There is an existence of separate mechanisms of horizontal and vertical vestibulo-ocular interaction. The peculiarity of cerebrovascular circulation of main vestibulo-ocular structures is their profuse vascularisation chiefly by branches of the vertebro basilar system of arteries, which widely connected between each other, providing sufficiently profuse circulation in normal conditions of vital activity. The anatomical information above has great importance for the correct interpretation of the symptoms of infarctions in vertebro-basilar pool of the cerebrum, diagnostics and expert appreciation of these pathological states.
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Vestibular-ocular relations were studied in 30 patients with central vestibular affections varying in origin. Use was made of sinusoidal rotation with eyes closed and glance fixation tests. Symptoms of vestibular-ocular dysregulation typical for stem-cerebellar abnormalities were identified.
The vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) was investigated in 40 patients with unilateral injury of the peripheral compartment of the vestibular system during their sinusoidal rotation and gaze fixation at a stationary object. At the stage of vestibular dysfunction decompensation the VOR coefficient showed a significant asymmetry and a decrease during rotation towards the injured side. As the dysfunction was compensated this asymmetry disappeared.