Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S A Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to S A Kelly.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of yellow-tinted lenses on contrast sensitivity.

The effectiveness of yellow-tinted lenses (Norton Visitor Wrap-Around) on contrast thresholds for achromatic sinusoidal gratings was measured on a large sample of healthy, young adults. These measurements were compared with those obtained through luminance-matched neutral goggles. Contrast sensitivity functions for stationary and drifting (2 cycles per second) gratings were measured on two groups of subjects. The results of both experiments show that those subjects demonstrating a subjective preference preferred the yellow tint to the neutral lenses by 2:1. Despite the subjective impression, however, contrast thresholds obtained with the yellow and neutral lenses were not statistically different for either the stationary or drifting gratings.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Growth of human digestive-tumour xenografts in athymic nude rats.

The athymic nude rat rnu/rnu has been established as an in vivo model for the acceptance of human digestive-tumour xenografts. We report the successful xenografting of 7/12 (58%) primary explants from patients with digestive cancer. Successful xenografting also occurred in 21/25 (84%) pancreatic tumours derived from a pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma (GER) maintained in cell culture; 2 of those have been successfully passaged in nude rats. The simultaneous implantation of these tumours into nude mice led to an almost identical take rate. Passage of one colonic and one pancreatic xenograft from nude rats into nude mice, and transplantation back into nude rats, increased the take rates. The critical period for the establishment of primary tumour growth was usually 28-42 days. The xenografts maintained histological and cytological characteristics of the primary explants or of the original tumour from which the cell line derived. The karyotype of the cell line was also maintained in the solid tumour. Three murine tumours were successfully grown as xenografts. Despite their immunoincompetence, the rats in this study showed no increased morbidity or mortality when kept in conventional conditions, compared with animals housed in isolators. The athymic nude rat will become a valuable complementary tool to the nude mouse for the establishment and maintenance of human digestive tumours and for surgical and serial serological studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of Micro-Media Quad Panels for identification of the Enterobacteriaceae.

The Micro-Media Quad Enteric Panel and coding system were evaluated by comparing the identifications of 193 stock and 216 clinical isolates, representing 31 species of Enterobacteriaceae, with those provided by conventional methods. The results corresponded for 91% of the organisms if only the single or most probable identification was accepted and for 93% if the correct identification was listed as one of several possible, but not the most probable, identification by the coding system. With 73% of the isolates, the single identification provided by the coding system was correct, and in 20% of instances the correct identification was listed as the first of several choices in descending order of probability but requiring additional tests for differentiation. In most of the latter instances, these additional tests consisted of serological confirmation of salmonellae or shigellae. Discrepancies consisted of incorrect identifications (4%) and organisms with code numbers not appearing in the coding system (3%).

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the buccal cavity.

Basaloid-squamous carcinoma was first recognized as a separate pathologic entity in 1986. It has been described in the hypopharynx, larynx, base of tongue, and nasal cavity. We report the first case of this rare tumor occurring in the buccal cavity and review the atypical squamous cell carcinomas that occurred in these sites.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of specific inhibitors of cellular functions on sulfur mustard-induced cell death.

This study was conducted to determine whether inhibitors of normal cellular functions can reduce cytotoxicity induced by sulfur mustard (HD). The compounds examined include inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PADPRP), inhibitors of mono(ADP-ribose) transferase (MADPRT), inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. To determine the effects of these compounds on HD-induced cell death, human lymphocyte preparations were treated with known concentrations (0.1 microM to 1000 microM) of an inhibitor and exposed to an estimated 87% effect concentration (EC87) of HD (170 microM) for loss in cell viability. Cell viability was determined at 24-26 hr post-exposure to HD using a dye (propidium iodide) exclusion assay and a flow cytometer. All of the selected PADPRP inhibitors were found to be effective at reducing the cytotoxic effects of HD. These inhibitors were rank-ordered based on the concentration that gives 50% (EC50) reduction of HD-induced cell death. A significant correlation (r = 0.94) was observed between the compounds' ability to inhibit PADPRP and the compounds' ability to reduce HD- induced cell death, suggesting that PADPRP plays a role in HD-induced cell death. Inhibitors of MADPRT, lipid peroxidation, and protein synthesis were not effective at reducing HD-induced cell death.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental fluorosis in children residing in communities with different water fluoride levels: 33-month follow-up.

PURPOSE: The purpose of these examinations was to monitor changes, in the prevalence of dental fluorosis. METHODS: In February 1992 and December 1994, children who were residents of one of three communities with varying levels of fluoride in their communal water supply were examined for dental fluorosis. Since some children were available at both examination periods, it was also possible to determine changes in the incidence of dental fluorosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of fluorosis increased by approximately 14%, 20%, and 6% in the negligibly, optimally, and 4X optimally fluoridated communities, respectively. In the negligibly and optimally fluoridated communities, the incidence of dental fluorosis increased by 12% and 7%, respectively. In the 4X optimally fluoridated community, all the children examined had evidence of fluorosis at both examinations. CONCLUSION: Fluoride continues to be the primary therapeutic agent for the prevention of dental caries in adults and children. With the downward adjustment in the fluoride supplement schedule, continued monitoring of the prevalence of dental fluorosis in young children is needed to determine if any additional steps are even necessary to restrict fluoride intake during the years that enamel formation is occurring.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A community-based program to facilitate dental care for senior citizens.

This article presents findings of a one-year trial which examined a community-based program in Clinton County, Indiana, to help facilitate entry of senior citizens into the oral health care delivery system. A multifaceted approach addressed the senior citizens' limited knowledge of oral health care, personal barriers to obtaining dental services, and the community's concern for the health of older citizens. Program components included oral health education (newspaper articles, presentations, pamphlet distribution), personalized patient motivation ("Bring-a-Friend" campaign), and oral health screenings (public screenings and "Senior Day at the Dentist"). During the study year, 345 patients visited the dentist, compared to 179 in the baseline year. Ninety-three participated in the two "Senior Day" screenings, and 53 percent of the total 134 screening patients returned for follow-up care. Given its experimental nature, the program was a success.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative study on a human model of the in situ absorption by enamel of fluorine obtained from the NaF and Na2PO3F contained in tooth pastes].

A denture model was used in situ in cross experiment to assess fluorine absorption by impaired enamel from toothpastes containing NaF and Na2PO3F. Six toothpastes were used in experiment: two contained NaF, three Na2PO3F, and one contained no fluorine. Twenty-five volunteers participated in experiment, who were fitted with dentures with sites of impaired enamel located close to each other. Each participant in the experiment was to accidentally clean his or her teeth with one of the pastes three times daily for two weeks. Then the enamel specimens were removed and analysed for fluorine content. The experiment lasted till each volunteer spent all the six pastes offered. The results indicated a much higher efficacy of NaF-containing pastes as regards fluorine absorption by impaired enamel than the ones containing Na2PO3F; the presence of decalcinated phosphate did not enhance the activity of Na2PO3F.

Absorption↗