[Topamax in the system of drug therapy of epilepsy].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
S A Gromov
Publications and source records attributed to S A Gromov.
[Preclinical epileptogenesis (compensation and prognosis)].
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Anticonvulsants↗
[Neuroimmunopathological mechanisms of preclinical epileptogenesis and their correction by cycloferon].
The peculiarities of immunologic processes and immunocorrecting potential of Cyclopheron were studied in 62 patients with preclinical epileptogenesis. Using clinical, EEG and biochemical examination, expression of epileptogenesis was estimated as regressed, compensated, increasing, decompensated. Preclinical stage of epilepsy was accompanied by disturbance of immunological brain reactivity the expression of which was correlated with a level of compensative epileptogenesis manifestation. The decrease of the latter is followed by intensive disintegration of neuroimmune interactions characterized by immunodeficiency of mixed type with significant presentation of neuroimmune disturbances. Therefore, a use of Cyclopheron, as a medication with multilevel immuno-correcting action, is expedient at initial stage of epilepsy.
Acridines↗
[Quality of life and rehabilitation of epileptic patients].
The quality of life (QL) study has been conducted using the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire in 146 patients with epilepsy in the process of their rehabilitation. Before treatment and restorative interventions, the majority of the patients evaluated their QL as moderate and low depending on the type, frequency and severity of seizures as well as on the age of the disease onset. During restorative therapy, the QL scores increased in physical, psychological and social relationship domains and some indices correlated with the results of restorative treatment.
Adolescent↗
[Convulex and its place in epilepsy treatment with original valproates].
Therapeutic efficacy of three original valproates (convulex, depakine enteric and convulsofine) as well as direct cost of drugs for epilepsy treatment have been studied in 249 patients with long-term epilepsy with different types of epileptic seizures. The convulex efficacy was found to be lower than that of the other two drugs. Also, convulex reduces the frequency of seizures by 50-100% in 75% of the patients. During the convulex treatment of some types of seizures, remission was achieved in 81-90% of the patients. At the same time, the cost of treatment with convulex is 1.5 times lower comparing to that with depakine and is equal to that for convulsofine. The authors concluded the cost benefit of convulex treatment appeared to stimulate regional health departments and individual patients for wholesale and retail drug purchases.
Adolescent↗
[Medico-social aspects of risk factors impairing quality of life in patients with epilepsy].
The results of 2-year multicenter project "Epilepsy, risk factors and insurance" organized by Epilepsy European Commission, on risk factors deteriorating quality of life of epileptic patients in 9 European countries (Italy, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, England, Portugal, Estonia, Russia and Slovenia), have been used in the study. The "patient-control" pairs were matched for various features characterizing social aspects of epileptic patient's life (educational level, professional level and employment, marital status, driving abilities, sports, medical insurance) as well as medical events (concomitant diseases, medical complications, seizures, frequency of accidents, hospitalization, disablement indices, etc). Patients at low and high risk for quality of life impairment were defined. In Russia, the rate of these risk factors in epileptic patients corresponds in general to that in other European countries.
Accidents↗
[Some medical-social aspects of the therapy of epilepsy with drugs of new generation: financial side].
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Adolescent↗
[The optimization of epilepsy therapy with finlepsin].
A clinical pharmacological study (270 patients) was made to optimize therapy of epilepsy with carbamazepines (finlepsin and its retard form). It was established that insufficient (standard) doses of finlepsin are often used, serum levels of the drug are not estimated, drug pharmacokinetics is not taken into account, maximum permissible doses of the drug are not reached. Estimation of the efficiency of both preparations in the treatment of various types of the seizures was carried out. The advantages of finlepsin-retard were demonstrated.
Adolescent↗
The presence of autoantibodies to N-terminus domain of GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptor in the blood serum of patients with epilepsy.
We have analyzed the serum from patients with refractory epilepsy for the presence of autoreactive antibodies to AMPA glutamate receptor subunits. The presence and the level of autoantibodies were assessed using immunoblot and ELISA with synthetic peptides specific for subregions of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits. Patients with refractory epilepsy exhibited strong immunoreactivity to GluR1 subunit compared to healthy donors and patients with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Weak immunoreactivity to other AMPA glutamate receptor subunits was also detected and the signal was diminished in the raw GluR4>GluR3>GluR2. The occurrence of autoantibodies to specific neurotransmitter subunits in the sera of patients with refractory epilepsy suggest that autoimmune process may underlie this disorder.
Autoantibodies↗
[Clinico-biochemical study in epilepsy].
Diagnostic opportunities of the test of paroxysmal activity (TPA) were examined in 253 epileptic patients of different age and duration of disease. It was established that the changes of autoantibodies (aAB) titers in the control group were about 64-110% (mean value 85%). Meanwhile in epileptic patients there was elevation of the same indices 2.1 times (182%). The correlation was observed between the levels of aAB titers and duration of the disease, frequency and character of paroxysmal disorders. The conclusion was made that TPA may be used quite successfully in diagnosis of epilepsy, especially in difficult cases. The level of accumulation of aABs in blood of patients with the fits may be used as new immunological index which may facilitate essentially objective of diagnosis of epilepsy.
Adolescent↗
[Optimisation of epilepsy monotherapy (clinico-pharmacological study)].
The effect of four preparations (benzonal, phenobarbital, diphenyn, finlepsin), were examined in 214 epileptic patients with different forms of the fits. The advantages of monotherapy of epilepsy were grounded and therapeutic possibilities of the drugs were considered by means of clinico-pharmacological study. Standard and intensive methods of treatment of different forms of the fits were considered. It is demonstrated that maximal usage of therapeutic possibilities of the drugs resulted in the increase of the efficiency of treatment 2.5-fold. Daily doses and blood levels of the preparations were elevated, respectively. The term of "pseudotherapy" is grounded.
Anticonvulsants↗
[The current aspects of the social and biological adaptation of epilepsy patients in Russia].
The influence of social alterations on the treatment effectivity and social adaptation of 1350 epileptic patients was followed up in 1981-1993. It is shown that during the period of social stability clinical observation of such patients was quite satisfactory. Therapeutic response reached 98.2% at invalidity rate 0.2% in 1989. On the contrary, during period of social instability 10.8% of patients did not resolve any treatment, the effectiveness of the treatment lowered to 76.6%, remission failure occurred in 6%, and the percent of the invalids increased to 5.6% of patients. The recommendations are given concerning adaptation of epileptics to new social conditions.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
[The systematization of epilepsy remissions].
Problems of systematization of remissions of epileptic seizures and epilepsy are discussed on the basis of clinical examination of 341 epileptic patients with seizures suppressed for many years and international classifications of epilepsy. A classification, developed by the authors, is presented. It reflects stages of regress of the disease in achievement of prolonged (for years) control of seizures. The possibility of drug dependence development in these therapeutic remissions is also taken into consideration.
Anticonvulsants↗
[Adaptive biocontrol in the system of treating epilepsy patients].
Adjuvant treatment of seizures by means of adaptive bioregulation was developed on the basis of material comprising 53 epileptic patients. The onset of auras or predictors of seizures was the signal to begin self-regulating activity. Method of suppression of paroxysmal epileptic activity in the moment of autogenic submersion of the patient is described. Efficacy of autogenic submersion was controlled by reduction of paroxysmal activity on EEG during EEG-examination in the hospital. The approach proved superior to chemotherapy alone.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
[The clinico-psychological diagnosis of the personality changes in the initial period of epilepsy].
The authors present the approach to clinicopsychological diagnosis of personality disorders in initial epilepsy based on clinical evidence on 200 epileptics versus 40 healthy controls. 10 experimental techniques have been used. The comparative analysis of the findings obtained at initial stage of the disease and at late stages (within 3 vs. 10 and more postdiagnosis years, respectively) against relevant characteristics of the controls demonstrated that personality disorders within the initial 3 years of the disease are either minimal or absent and can be identified only by the methods of psychological diagnosis. The latter is important for design of adequate therapy.
Adolescent↗
Growth-stimulating phase of macrophage response to activation: the phenomenon and its implications for tumour growth and immunotherapy.
The dynamics of growth-stimulating and cytotoxic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMo) in response to in vivo and in vitro bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or bestatin treatment was studied. It was shown that BCG and bestatin induce cytotoxicity in PMo, and that after the cytotoxic response strong growth-stimulating activity develops. PMo, rendered cytotoxic in vivo and afterwards cultivated in vitro, displayed the same switch from a cytotoxic to a growth-stimulating phase. These results suggest that the growth-stimulating phase is the obligatory PMo response to biological response modifiers (BRM) at least to BCG and bestatin. The growth rate of tumours, transplanted into mice during the cytotoxic phase of the response to BCG, was suppressed, whereas tumours transplanted during the growth-stimulating phase were stimulated. It appears that the development of a growth-stimulating phase after the cytotoxic phase of response to activation by BRM could be one of the reasons for the limited effectiveness of immunotherapy based on the application of macrophage activators.
Animals↗
[Therapeutic and pharmacological monitoring of individual monotherapy of epilepsy with hexamidine].
The treatment with primidone alone of 53 epileptic patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial attacks with elementary symptomatology, and partial fits with complex symptomatology removed them completely in 75, 64.2, and 36.9% of the patients, respectively. The number of attacks was decreased as a result by 50% and over in 90, 78.6, and 73.7% of the patients, respectively. The attainment of such high efficacy of the monotherapy (called by the author intensive in contrast to routine or inadequate therapy carried out, as a rule, in standard doses) appeared possible only under the conditions of individualization of the drug doses which ranged within 250-2500 mg/day. The concentration of phenobarbital, the main end metabolite of primidone, in the blood serum of patients, in whom the attacks were completely arrested and who developed no clinical side effects with no toxic action on the internal organs, ranged from 14 to 59.1 mg/l. In partial fits with complex symptomatology, primidone appeared least effective for those types of fits in the treatment of which it was viewed as most adequate.
Adolescent↗
[Pathogenic role of the endogenous convulsant kynurenine in the mechanisms of development of epileptic attacks in alcoholics].
The role of the endogenous convulsant kynurenine (K) in the mechanisms of the development of epileptic seizures in alcoholic persons was studied on a clinical material of 63 patients suffering from alcoholism with the presence on the EEG of paroxysmal alterations without epileptic fits (n = 28) and alcoholic epilepsy (n = 35), epileptic patients not abusing alcohol (n = 20), and practically healthy subjects (n = 10). There was a significant increase of the K concentration in alcoholic patients with paroxysmal disturbances on the EEG or convulsive seizures. That increase directly correlated with the rate of convulsive epileptic fits. The rise of K in patients with alcoholic epilepsy was lower than in epileptic patients, being, however, significantly higher than in practically healthy subjects abusing alcohol and having but paroxysmal alterations on the EEG (without seizures).
Adult↗