Narrow-band UVB-associated lesional blisters in pityriasis rubra pilaris.
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Blister↗
Biomedical subjects
S A Grevelink
Publications and source records attributed to S A Grevelink.
Leishmaniasis.
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease whose diverse clinical manifestations are dependent both on the infecting species of Leishmania and on the immune response of the host. Transmission of the disease occurs through the bite of a sand fly infected with Leishmania parasites. Infection may be restricted to the skin in cutaneous leishmaniasis, limited to the mucous membranes in mucosal leishmaniasis, or spread throughout the reticuloendothelial system in visceral leishmaniasis or kala azar. Three rare clinical variants of cutaneous leishmaniasis include diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis recidivans, and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Animals↗
Vasorelaxant and second messenger effects of maxadilan.
Maxadilan is a potent vasodilator isolated from salivary gland extracts of the sand fly. Although cutaneous vasodilatation is probably the most important physiologic effect of maxadilan (i.e., assisting the sand fly in obtaining a blood meal), it also has effects on other vascular beds. In rabbit isolated aorta, recombinant maxadilan exhibited endothelium-independent relaxations with an IC50 of 24 nM for norepinephrine-induced (1 microM) contractions. Synthetic maxadilan had one-third the potency, with a corresponding IC50 of 74 nM for norepinephrine-induced (1 microM) contractions. Pretreatment with a number of receptor and channel blockers, including tetraethylammonium (1 mM), glyburide (1 microM), barium (0.5 mM), indomethacin (10 microM), propranolol (10 microM), cimetidine (10 microM) and nifedipine (10 microM) did not affect maxadilan-induced relaxations. After treatment with maxadilan, contractions recurred very slowly over approximately 40 min. At a concentration of 1 microM, maxadilan induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in cellular cyclic AMP levels. Maxadilan's activity was selective according to vessel type, with maximal activity in rabbit aorta and mesenteric artery and no activity in porcine and bovine coronary arteries. These studies suggest that maxadilan acts by raising the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP in the smooth muscle of selected blood vessels.
Animals↗
Salivary gland extracts from the deerfly contain a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation.
Salivary gland extracts of the deerfly contain a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, which assists the insect in obtaining a blood meal. The extract prevents platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, and collagen and inhibits fibrinogen binding to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor on platelets. The active component in deerfly salivary gland extract appears to be a protein that is comparatively more potent than the disintegrins present in viper venoms. Isolation and characterization of this protein may provide different directions in therapeutics and studies of normal platelet physiology.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Effectiveness of various barrier preparations in preventing and/or ameliorating experimentally produced Toxicodendron dermatitis.
BACKGROUND: Despite extensive research on hyposensitization and prior application of topical barrier preparations, efforts to prevent Toxicodendron dermatitis have been only minimally successful. OBJECTIVE: Seven different barrier creams were evaluated for topical protection against experimentally produced Toxicodendron dermatitis in a randomized, double-blind study. METHODS: Twenty patients had the seven barrier creams randomly applied to eight test sites (one untreated area as control) on each forearm before application of the Toxicodendron extract. Development of Toxicodendron dermatitis was followed for 8 days, with measurements of erythema, induration, vesiculation, and global severity taken at each site on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 after Toxicodendron application. RESULTS: The barrier creams Stokogard, Hollister Moisture Barrier, and Hydropel significantly reduced the erythema, induration, and global severity of Toxicodendron dermatitis and did not differ from each other. The percent reductions in global dermatitis severity per day of assessment for the seven barriers in order of effectiveness were as follows: Stokogard, 59%; Hollister Moisture Barrier, 52%; Hydropel, 48%; Ivy Shield, 22%; Shield Skin, 13%; Dermofilm, 13%; and Uniderm, -9%. During the 8-day period, a significantly greater number of test sites pretreated with Stokogard, Hollister Moisture Barrier, and Hydropel were free of dermatitis compared with control sites and sites treated with the other four barriers. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Stokogard, Hollister Moisture Barrier, and Hydropel are effective in the prevention of Toxicodendron dermatitis.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Central nervous system involvement by cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
Central nervous system disease in cutaneous T cell lymphoma is uncommon and is usually not considered in standard therapeutic regimens. We report three patients who had cutaneous T cell lymphoma with involvement of the central nervous system and review the cases of 28 such patients reported in the literature. Potential risk factors, the reliability of various diagnostic tests, and potential therapeutic modalities are discussed.
Aged↗