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Biomedical subjects

S A Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to S A Cooper.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Anesthetic activity of the lipospheres bupivacaine delivery system in the rat.

The Lipospheres Bupivacaine Delivery System (bupivacaine-lipospheres) is a novel sustained-release local anesthetic preparation that has recently been made available for research purposes. This investigation compared the local anesthetic efficacy and safety of 2% bupivacaine-lipospheres, 0.5% bupivacaine plus 1:200,000 epinephrine, lipospheres plain, and physiologic saline following subcutaneous tail injection in the rat. A modified tail-flick paradigm was used to assess local anesthetic efficacy. Animals treated with 2% bupivacaine-lipospheres or 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine displayed significant antinociception (P < 0.05) compared to saline or lipospheres plain with 5 min of injection. Bupivacaine with epinephrine had an anesthetic duration of 30 min, whereas 2% bupivacaine-lipospheres had a duration of 3 hr. The local anesthetic blockade produced by both active solutions was completely reversible. All animals gained weight normally during the 1-wk course of the study, and there were no signs of local tissue toxicity at the injection sites. We conclude that 2% bupivacaine-lipospheres is a safe and efficacious local anesthetic preparation in this particular animal model. It possesses an onset of action that is a rapid as 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, and a duration that is six times longer.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Reversing intravenous sedation with flumazenil.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of flumazenil in reversing sedation from midazolam and meperidine after oral surgical procedures. Of the 35 patients entered, efficacy was evaluated in 33 and safety in 34. Patients were tested for sedation, psychomotor skills, and memory during a 3-hour period and at a 24-hour follow-up. Flumazenil almost totally reversed the effects of sedation for approximately 2 hours, after which some loss of effect was observed. A number of central nervous system-related side effects were observed in the flumazenil group, but none of these was considered serious. One patient in the flumazenil group had an episode of hypotension that precluded further testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen compared to acetaminophen with codeine.

In a single-dose, parallel group, randomized block treatment allocation study, the relative analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was compared to acetaminophen 650 mg with codeine 60 mg, zomepirac sodium 100 mg, and placebo. A total of 226 post-surgical dental patients (146 females and 80 males) participated in the study. Flurbiprofen in 50 mg and 100 mg dosages demonstrated effective analgesic activity with the 100 mg dosage being at least as effective as the acetaminophen/codeine combination. The results of this study support previous work on flurbiprofen.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1989

Ibuprofen and acetaminophen in the relief of acute pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

To determine the relative analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen 400 mg and acetaminophen 1000 mg, we conducted a single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial using a standard assay for analgesic agents, the dental pain model. At regular intervals over 6 hours, 184 patients who had undergone dental impaction surgery rated pain intensity and relief on categorical scales and pain half-gone on a dichotomous nominal scale; a categorical overall evaluation was completed at the end of 6 hours. Both active agents were effective compared to placebo. Ibuprofen 400 mg was more effective than acetaminophen 1000 mg for Sum Pain Intensity Difference (SPID), Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR), sum pain half-gone, and overall evaluation (P less than .05 to P less than .001). The time-effect curves demonstrated a greater peak effect and longer duration of action for ibuprofen 400 mg compared to acetaminophen 1000 mg. Side effects were reported in five ibuprofen patients, 11 acetaminophen-treated patients, and seven placebo patients. Based on the results of this clinical study, we conclude that ibuprofen 400 mg is a safe and more effective analgesic than acetaminophen 1000 mg for patients with acute pain.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

Ketoprofen in oral surgery pain: a review.

Ketoprofen is a new peripherally acting analgesic and the most recently introduced nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the United States with indication for management of nonarthritic pain. Three 6-hour double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled studies in which patients who had undergone dental impaction surgery took ketoprofen or a comparator drug are reviewed. In the first study, ketoprofen 25, 50, and 100 mg was compared with aspirin 650 mg and placebo in 153 patients. In comparison with aspirin, significant (P less than 0.001) differences favoring ketoprofen at each dose level were found for all measures of analgesic efficacy. For the combined ketoprofen groups, 60% of the patients rated treatment as very good or excellent, compared with 16% in the aspirin group. The second study compared ketoprofen 25, 50, and 100 mg with codeine 90 mg and placebo in 129 patients. Ketoprofen appeared to have a more rapid onset, higher peak effect, and longer duration of pain relief than codeine. At least 70% of patients in each of the ketoprofen groups rated the test medication as very good or excellent, compared with only 7% of the patients in the codeine group. The third study compared ketoprofen 25 and 100 mg with ibuprofen 400 mg and placebo in 161 patients. Ketoprofen 100 mg had a faster onset of effect, the highest peak effect, and the longest duration of action over the 6-hour evaluation. Ketoprofen treatment was not associated with any unusual or serious side effects in any of the three studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Use of the monoclonal antibody WR17, identifying the CD37 gp40-45 Kd antigen complex, in the diagnosis of B-lymphoid malignancy.

The distribution of the gp40-45 Kd antigen bound by the WR17 monoclonal antibody of IgG2 subclass in normal lymphoid tissue was characterized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining with flow cytometric analysis. The predominant staining pattern observed was characteristic of an anti-pan-B-lymphocyte reagent. Weak reactions were observed by immunofluorescence staining of viable cell suspensions with all neutrophils and T-lymphocytes in some normal donors. In tissue sections, B-lymphocytes were stained and no cross reactions were observed with T-lymphocytes, although macrophages stained in some sections. A range of T- and B-cell malignancies were stained with WR17 and the reactivity compared to that observed with other monoclonal antibodies in the CD19, CD21 and CD22 clusters. All B-non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, B-chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia cells examined were stained by WR17 in indirect immunofluorescence assays, whilst the T-cell tumours were negative. The same pattern was observed in cryostat sections of malignant tissue and in addition some tissue macrophages expressed the CD37 antigen cytoplasmically. Intra-tumour heterogeneity of staining was observed with all the monoclonal antibodies tested, although overall WR17 consistently stained B-cell tumours even when expression of the CD19 pan-B-lymphocyte antigen could not be detected with some monoclonals. Monoclonal antibodies, such as WR17, within the CD37 cluster and binding to the gp 40-45 Kd molecule, bind to mature B-lymphocytes and identify the majority of B-cell malignancies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of flurbiprofen and aspirin in the relief of postsurgical pain using the dental pain model.

This single-dose, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of both 25 and 50 mg of flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Upjohn) compared with 650 mg of aspirin and placebo in 164 patients who had undergone dental impaction surgery. Using the highly sensitive dental pain model, flurbiprofen appears to be an effective, peripherally acting analgesic with a rapid onset of activity. In the current study, it was superior to aspirin in terms of peak effect and duration of action. Although flurbiprofen is much more potent than ibuprofen, its side-effect profile did not differ markedly from that of ibuprofen in this single-dose study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen and aspirin for postsurgical dental pain.

The analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen 25 mg and 50 mg compared with aspirin 650 mg and placebo (lactose) was evaluated. Subjects were 164 dental outpatients undergoing the surgical removal of impacted teeth. Each subject received a single dose of study medication and was evaluated hourly for six hours. Aspirin was superior to placebo in all measures of analgesic efficacy, and both dosages of flurbiprofen were superior to aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Five studies on ibuprofen for postsurgical dental pain.

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Upjohn) was evaluated in five studies using the Dental Pain Model, which is representative of most acute postsurgical pain situations. Ibuprofen 400 mg was consistently more effective than aspirin 650 mg, acetaminophen 600 mg, and both aspirin and acetaminophen when combined with codeine 60 mg. In two studies, ibuprofen 400 mg was at least as effective as zomepirac sodium 100 mg. No serious or prolonged side effects were reported in any of these studies.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

The relative analgesic efficacy of propiram fumarate, codeine, aspirin, and placebo in post-impaction dental pain.

To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of orally administered 50 mg propiram fumarate, 650 mg aspirin, 60 mg codeine phosphate, and placebo in acute post-impaction dental pain, 159 patients with moderate or severe pain were randomly allocated to the four treatments in this single-dose double-blind, stratified, parallel-group study. A research nurse questioned the patients at 1/2 hour and hourly for 6 hours after medicating. A standard format was used to question subjects about their pain intensity and relief from the starting pain. Propiram, 50 mg, produced a level of analgesia approaching that of 650 mg aspirin in peak effect, total effect, and duration of action and was statistically superior to 60 mg codeine and placebo for every measure of analgesic efficacy. Several mild adverse effects were observed; however, they appeared to be evenly distributed among the active treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Comparative efficacy of fenoprofen calcium and zomepirac sodium in postsurgical dental pain.

The relative analgesic efficacy of zomepirac sodium 100 mg and fenoprofen calcium 200 mg was evaluated in patients with pain due to surgical removal of dental impactions. This is the first study to make a direct comparison of their effectiveness. This study is especially important since zomepirac sodium was recently removed from the market as an analgesic for acute pain. Zomepirac sodium was extremely popular among clinicians and was considered the most effective of the peripherally acting analgesics. Patients were requested to take a single dose of study medication when they had moderate to severe pain. The study medications were identical in appearance and randomly allocated under double-blind conditions. The medication was evaluated over the next 4 hours according to subjective analgesic measurement scales. The primary measures of efficacy included total pain relief ( TOTPAR ), sum pain intensity difference ( SPID ), overall evaluation, and time to remedication . Of the 136 patients entered, 117 were included in the efficacy analysis. Both active agents demonstrated marked superiority to placebo (p less than 0.001) for all efficacy measures but were inseparable from each other. The mean analgesic efficacy values for both zomepirac sodium and fenoprofen calcium were almost identical. The nineteen subjects who reported side effects were evenly distributed among the three groups. No serious side effects occurred. The results of this study indicate that fenoprofen calcium 200 mg and zomepirac sodium 100 mg are equally efficacious, with similar onset, peak, and total analgesic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Models for clinical assessment of oral analgesics.

Renewed interest in analgesic models has been stimulated by the development of several new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Many of these new analgesic agents appear to have higher peak effects and longer durations of action than acetylsalicylic acid. Sensitive models are necessary to determine the dose-effect relationships and relative analgesic efficacies of these new agents. The basic principles of clinical methods--double-blinding, identical appearance of study medications, and random allocation of treatments to subjects--must be adhered to. However, additional precautions must also be taken. The choice of pain models and further subdivision of subjects within a pain model are critical for assay sensitivity. The dental pain model has become popular because the surgical procedures can be easily categorized, and each subpopulation is relatively homogeneous. There now is a body of data that substantiates the assay sensitivity of the dental pain model, and its usefulness in predicting the general analgesic efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Other pain models, including general postsurgical, orthopedic postsurgical, and postpartum pain, also have demonstrated adequate assay sensitivity to determine the relative efficacy of new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Suppression of postoperative pain by preoperative administration of ibuprofen in comparison to placebo, acetaminophen, and acetaminophen plus codeine.

The analgesic effect of preoperatively administered ibuprofen was evaluated in 107 dental outpatients undergoing the removal of impacted third molars. Subjects were given 800 mg ibuprofen prior to the procedure and 400 mg ibuprofen 4 and 8 hours later. Comparison was made to groups receiving either placebo at all three doses, 600 mg acetaminophen administered on the same schedule, or preoperatively administered placebo followed by two doses of postoperatively administered 600 mg acetaminophen plus 60 mg codeine. Ibuprofen pretreatment resulted in significantly less pain than placebo or acetaminophen pretreatment as the local anesthetic wore off. Ibuprofen also resulted in less postoperative pain than acetaminophen plus codeine following the second dose. Side effects were similar across drug treatments and placebo with the exception of greater reports of drowsiness following the opiate-analgesic combination. These findings indicate that pretreatment with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, such as ibuprofen, results in a suppression of postoperative pain when compared to standard therapy without an increase in side effects.

Acetaminophen↗