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Biomedical subjects

S A Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to S A Anderson.

104 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

HLA frequencies in a Mexican American population.

HLA-A and -B antigens were determined for 300 unrelated Mexican-Americans and 300 unrelated Caucasians from San Antonio by the microlymphocytotoxicity technique, using lymphocytes isolated from freshly drawn peripheral blood. Haplotype frequencies for the Mexican American population were obtained directly, based on family studies, as well as estimated from phenotype data. The results revealed clear differences in the distribution of HLA antigens between Mexican American and Caucasian populations. The predominant HLA specificities in Mexican Americans were A2 and Bw35, while the most frequently observed haplotypes were A2-Bw35, A2-B12 and A2Bw40. Despite the distinct differences in HLA antigen distribution between Mexican American and Caucasian populations, genetic distance values, calculated from the HLA frequencies, were surprisingly low.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1981

Clinical studies of a fast homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase in patients with cancer.

The activity of an isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (FHAP) was measured in serum samples obtained from 1692 individual subjects. The median FHAP concentration in patients with untreated or recurrent cancer (2.73 IU/liter) was two-fold higher than in hospitalized control patients with illnesses other than cancer (1.17 IU/liter) and three-fold higher than in healthy control subjects (0.93 IU/liter). Among patients with either breast or colorectal cancer who were clinically disease free following their initial therapy, the median FHAP concentration (1.54 IU/liter) was intermediate between the median FHAP concentration in patients with untreated or recurrent cancer and that of healthy control subjects. In order to illustrate the potential clinical application of FHAP as a diagnostic cancer marker, we have selected a serum FHAP concentration of 2.22 IU/liter as a reference value above which only 3% of healthy control subjects would have a "positive" test. Utilizing this reference value, 58% of the patients in the present study with untreated or recurrent cancer would have a positive FHAP test, whereas only 11%, of hospitalized patients with illnesses other than cancer would have a positive test. These data suggest that FHAP may be equivalent to the carcinoembryonic antigen as a diagnostic cancer marker.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immunosuppression in a murine B cell leukemia (BCL1): role of an adherent cell in the suppression of primary in vitro antibody responses.

The ability of lymph node cells from mice bearing the BCL1 tumor to respond in vitro to mitogens, allogeneic cells, and both TI and TD antigens was investigated. The lymph nodes of such mice are not invaded with tumor cells and contain normal numbers of T and B cells. Nevertheless, at the peak of tumor burden in the spleen and blood (approximately 8 to 12 wk after injection with tumor cells), the lymph node cells from the tumor-bearing mice display markedly decreased responsiveness both to allogeneic cells and to antigens. In addition, small numbers of lymph node cells from the tumor-bearing mice suppress primary antibody responses of normal lymph node cells. This nonspecific suppression of antibody responses is mediated by a G-10 Sephadex adherent, non-T, non-B cell present in the nodes of the tumor-bearing mice. Since the BCL1 tumor model is in many respects similar to the prolymphocytic type of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the present results may be helpful in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the in vivo immunosuppression associated with lymphocytic neoplasms in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Familial ovarian cancer. How rare is it?

This paper reports an apparently hereditary ovarian carcinoma in the authors' family. A grandmother, her daughter and five granddaughters have been affected. Three of the granddaughters were sisters. The mode of transmission appears to be autosomal dominant, with males capable of being carriers. Present methods of record-keeping make it difficult to link affected females in a family. Further studies are required to find the true incidence of familial ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of photo slit lamp and fundus camera photography of the optic disc.

The photo slit lamp has characteristics that may be important in optic disc photography for measuring glaucomatous cupping. This finding led to the question of whether disc photographs with the slit lamp showed less detail than fundus camera photographs. Tests were conducted on in-air resolution and of each instrument's ability to record fine vessel detail in normal human optic discs. The results showed that the instruments performed comparably in each test.

Fluorescein Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Azosemide, a "loop" diuretic, and furosemide.

Azosemide is a new monosulfamyl diuretic which inhibits solute transport throughout the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This study compared equal amounts of azosemide and furosemide (20, 40, and 80 mg) in normal subjects. No differences occurred at any dose in volume, sodium, or chloride excretion when analyzed as cumulative excretion at 4, 8, or 12 hr. Azosemide 40 mg caused less potassium excretion than 40 mg of furosemide but there was no significant difference in the sodium/potassium excretion ratio. Analysis of the time course of effect showed that compared to furosemide azosemide tended to have a slower onset of effect. Differences in site of action studies between azosemide and furosemide did not manifest as differences in urinary or electrolyte excretion in our normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression and immunogenicity of an 18-residue epitope of HIV1 gp41 inserted in the flagellar protein of a Salmonella live vaccine.

A synthetic oligonucleotide specifying residues 735-752 of the product of the env gene of HIV1 IIIB was inserted by blunt-end ligation at restriction sites in the hypervariable, antigenically determinant region IV of two flagellin genes. Its integration, in frame and correct orientation, into gene fliC(d) in plasmid pLS408 allowed production of functional flagella when the plasmid was placed in a flagellin-negative aroA live-vaccine Salmonella dublin strain, SL5928. Bacteria thus made motile were immobilized and agglutinated by anti-(735-752 peptide) serum; expression was also shown by immunoelectron-microscopy and by Western blot of whole-cell lysates. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of sera of mice given three doses by intraperitoneal injection of the live-vaccine strain producing chimeric flagellin, or of concentrated flagella from it, showed production of antibody with affinity for the peptide, and in some sera, also for r-gp160. Pooled serum from mice given five i.p. doses of the live vaccine strain expressing the gp41 epitope at the surface of its flagellar filaments had higher titres of anti-peptide and anti-r-gp160 antibody and weak neutralizing activity on the IIIB isolate (90% neutralization at 1/100). The sera of nine mice given two doses of the live vaccine by the oral route had either no or only very low titres of antibody to flagellar antigen d; they were therefore not tested for anti-peptide activity.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

28-day toxicology test: indenopyridine RTI 4587-056 in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

The potential toxicity of RTI 4587-056, a hexahydroindenopyridine analog of SANDOZ 20-438, was examined in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Testicular, intestinal, and erythropoietic histology was assessed after 28 days of gavage treatment at 0, 10, and 100 mg/kg/day. During the first 10 days, dose-related clinical signs included mild to moderate lethargy shortly after dosing, lower consumption of feed and water, and body weight loss or decreased weight gain. Tolerance developed, such that lethargy disappeared and weight gains were equivalent to the control group during the second through fourth weeks. The compound did not affect intestinal epithelium or bone marrow. RTI 4587-056 was a highly effective antispermatogenic agent at both doses causing epididymal hypospermia and testicular atrophy. Based upon the Spermatogenic Index ratings, still lower doses would be effective male contraceptive agents. RTI 4587-056 has potential as a male contraceptive without overt side effects. Further testing is required.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of sucrose application frequency and basal nutrient conditions on the calcium and phosphate content of experimental dental plaque.

A reduced pool of calcium in dental plaque would be expected to increase the ability of plaque fluid to dissolve the underlying enamel when the pH falls during sugar exposure. We have examined the relationship between frequency of sugar application and Ca and P(i) concentrations in artificial mouth plaque microcosm biofilms. Ten plaques were grown simultaneously from a human saliva inoculum using a continuous flow of simulated saliva, DMM, supplemented with either urea or glucose to modulate the resting pH. In addition the plaques received sucrose applications of varying frequency: 12-, 8-, 6-, or 4-hourly, or not at all. After 15 days the plaques were sampled by taking 4 full-thickness specimens of each, and acid-extractable Ca and P(i), and alkali-soluble protein and carbohydrate were determined. Ca and P(i) concentrations were in a range comparable with those in human plaque, except in the DMM + urea plaque receiving no sucrose, when concentrations were higher. Plaque Ca concentration decreased significantly as sucrose application frequency increased. Increasing sucrose application frequency also reduced the protein, i.e. the cell biomass, content of the plaques and, in the case of DMM + urea plaques, increased the water-insoluble hexose content, presumably extracellular polysaccharide. Reduced biomass was partly due to the bulking of plaque with extracellular polysaccharide, but the marked effect of urea on polysaccharide formation is not understood. This study shows that increasing frequency of sugar application alters dental plaque by reducing its mineral protection capacity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Freezing of preservation media during corneal tissue transport.

It is important to evaluate donor corneas and media carefully prior to surgery. The eye banks that are responsible for preservation and transportation of donor corneal tissue should continue their efforts to prevent tissue damage, which includes careful placement of vials in properly prepared containers. If placed in direct contact with ice, the ice should be relatively warm and glistening. Direct contact with hard, super-cooled ice should be avoided. If living tissue is frozen without special treatment, ice crystals form in the cells and cell membrane rupture, causing death of the cell. Also, when ice crystals are present, tissue damage could take place when physical impact is caused by motion of the container during transportation.

Cornea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case study of an orbital screwdriver injury.

1. A man struck himself in the right eye with a screwdriver. The initial diagnosis was probable medial wall fracture with medial rectus entrapment, but a forced auction test result was negative and the initial x-ray study of the orbit and sinuses was within normal limits. The patient was treated with topical antibiotics and observed closely. Subsequent exams revealed a complete, isolated right gaze palsy. 2. An axial computed tomography scan of the orbit revealed an area of a probable hematoma overlying the lateral rectus muscle. There was also a fracture of the greater wing of the spheroid. 3. One month after the injury, the patient had complete, spontaneous clearing of the diplopia and lateral gaze palsy. The patient has had no residual effects 3 years later. This care reinforces the idea that injuries such as this should be treated symptomatically and observed.

Adult↗